Design strategies in facades for the reduction of housing energy consumption

This article analyzes the energy-saving potential of various facade design strategies from a life cycle perspective, including the energy needed in the use stage and the embodied energy of materials. The results provide reference data on the behaviour of these systems in Spain and make it possible to identify the best strategies for reducing energy consumption in a wide variety of potential situations that may arise in both new construction and in the rehabilitation of existing facades. The impact categories studied are fossil fuel depletion and climate change, and design strategies are linked to climate data, orientation, air change rate, facade materials and wall composition. Exchanges between the interior and exterior environments take place through the building envelope, some of whose key design parameters include lighting, ventilation and heat flux. Improving this envelope can greatly reduce environmental impact, ensuring indoor environmental quality. This analysis confirms the need to consider the interactions among the parameters studied, as it shows that there are several design solutions with similar impacts, which can be adapted to project requirements. In both new construction and rehabilitation, some of these parameters may be determined by other design decisions not necessarily aimed at reducing environmental impact, so it can be very useful to be aware of a variety of design alternatives that can be implemented in specific projects

Revisión sobre el estado del arte del análisis de ciclo de vida para tableros derivados de la madera

El presente trabajo tiene por objeto realizar una revisión del „estado del arte‟ sobre los estudios del análisis de ciclo de vida de la madera, más concretamente el caso de los tableros derivados, ya que conforman el eslabón que permite su reutilización en fases sucesivas, asumiéndose de forma intrínseca el concepto de reciclado dentro de la cadena de transformación de esta industria. Todo ello sumado a las ventajas medioambientales de la madera caracterizadas por el efecto sumidero del CO2, así como la reducción del consumo de energía en el proceso de fabricación. En la etapa de recopilación de la documentación durante la búsqueda, se han tratado de recoger y resaltar aquellas experiencias, más interesantes e innovadoras, llevadas a cabo en los últimos años en el tema mencionado, tratando de extraer aquellos casos que permitan obtener una visión tanto de las tendencias en el ámbito internacional como del nacional, e incluso local. De la información aquí recogida sobre el análisis del ciclo de vida de los productos derivados de la madera, se busca constatar las ventajas resultantes de su empleo, respecto de otros materiales

Justo Ruiz a Juan Facundo Quiroga

Pide se le proporcione cien pesos y media arroba de algodó

Low differential pressure and multiphase flow measurements by means of differential pressure devices

The response of slotted plate, Venturi meter and standard orifice to the presence of two phase, three phase and low differential flows was investigated. Two mixtures (air-water and air-oil) were used in the two-phase analysis while a mixture of air, water and oil was employed in the three-phase case. Due to the high gas void fraction (α>0.9), the mixture was considered wet gas. A slotted plate was utilized in the low differential pressure analysis and the discharge coefficient behavior was analyzed. Assuming homogeneous flow, an equation with two unknowns was obtained for the multi-phase flow analysis. An empirical relation and the differential response of the meters were used to estimate the variables involved in the equation. Good performance in the gas mass flow rate estimation was exhibited by the slotted and standard plates for the air-water flow, while poor results were obtained for the air-oil and air-water oil flows. The performance of all the flow meter tested in the analysis improved for differential pressures greater than 24.9 kPa (100 in_H2O). Due to the tendency to a zero value for the liquid flow, the error of the estimation reached values of more than 500% at high qualities and low differential pressures. Air-oil and air-water-oil flows show that liquid viscosity influences the response of the differential pressure meters. The best results for high liquid viscosity were obtained in the Venturi meter using the recovery pressure for the gas flow estimation at differential pressures greater than 24.9 kPa (100 in_H2O). A constant coefficient Cd was used for the low differential pressure analysis and results did show that for differential pressure less than 1.24 kPa (5 inH2O) density changes are less than 1% making possible the incompressible flow assumption. The average of the computed coefficients is the value of Cd

intervenções do enfermeiro obstetra

Este relatório reflete o meu percurso de aprendizagem para a aquisição de competências comuns e especificas do Enfermeiro Especialista em Enfermagem de Saúde Materna e Obstétrica/Enfermeiro Obstetra (EEESMO/EO) e as inerentes ao grau de mestre, desenvolvidas no âmbito da Unidade Curricular de Estágio com Relatório inserida no 10º Curso de Mestrado em Enfermagem de Saúde Materna e Obstétrica. As alterações hemodinâmicas derivadas do estado gravídico poderão causar eventos cardiovasculares na mulher com cardiopatia e, como consequência, pôr em risco o bem-estar materno-fetal. Sendo o EEESMO o profissional de saúde que cuida e intervém longitudinalmente no percurso da mulher com cardiopatia que deseja engravidar, justifica-se o desenvolvimento de competências especificas para intervir com qualidade. Neste sentido, procurei enquadrar neste relatório a evidência científica relacionada com as intervenções do EEESMO à parturiente com cardiopatia. Para nortear e sustentar este relatório tomei como referência o Modelo Teórico de Betty Neuman que visualiza a pessoa de uma forma holística em interação com o exterior e com tendência a procurar a estabilidade e o bem-estar. A metodologia deste relatório teve por base a prática baseada na evidência com a realização de uma Scoping Review conforme as diretrizes do Joanna Briggs Institute (2017), a fim de mapear toda a evidência científica sobre o tema. A questão de pesquisa foi: “Quais as intervenções do enfermeiro obstetra à parturiente com cardiopatia?”. Realizei uma pesquisa na plataforma EBSCOhost, nas bases de dados CINAHL, MEDLINE e COCHRANE Database of Systematic Reviews que fundamentou a prática de cuidados. Foram realizados registos sobre os cuidados prestados a 2 parturientes com cardiopatia, no instrumento criado para o efeito e posteriormente analisado parte do seu conteúdo identificando-se a categoria, cuidados personalizados na gravidez e trabalho de parto e quatro subcategorias: profissional de saúde de referência, satisfação, segurança e informação, que vão ao encontro da evidência científica. Constata-se que o EEESMO/EO assume um papel fundamental na gestão dos estressores destas clientes durante o parto e é visto como o profissional de saúde de referência da equipa multidisciplinar que informa, transmite segurança potenciando a satisfação com a experiência do parto.This report describes my path of learning to acquire the general and specific skills of the Nurse Specialist in Maternal Health and Obstetrics/nurse midwife (EEESMO) in the Curricular Unit with Report that is part of the 10th Master’s Course in Maternal and Obstetric Health Nursing. Hemodynamic alterations resulting from pregnancy can cause cardiovascular events in women and, as a consequence, put maternal-fetal well-being at risk. The EEESMO/nurse midwife is the health professional who takes care of and is involved in all stages of the path of a woman with heart disease who wants to become pregnant, so the development of specific skills to provide high quality support is justified. Therefore, in this report, I have sought to set out the scientific evidence relating to the involvement of the EEESMO in the pregnancies of women with heart disease. To orientate and support this report, I used Betty Neuman's Theoretical Model as reference. This Model visualises the person in a holistic way in interaction with the outside and always with a tendency to seek stability and well-being. The foundation for the methodology of this report is evidence-based practice after conduction a Scoping Review in accordance with the guidelines of the Joanna Briggs Institute (2017) in order to map all scientific evidence on the subject. The question for my research was: “What involvement does the obstetric nurse have with the parturient with heart disease?” I carried out research on the EBSCOhost platform and in the CINAHL, MEDLINE databases and the COCHRANE Database of Systematic Reviews. Records were made on the care provided to two parturients with heart disease in the care interaction document created for this purpose. The content of these records was subsequently analysed to identify the category, personalised care in pregnancy and labour, and four subcategories: the contact health professional, satisfaction, safety and information, which are in line with the scientific evidence. From the analysis of the results obtained, we can see that the EEESMO plays a fundamental role in managing the stressors of these clients during childbirth and is seen as the key member of the multidisciplinary team who transmits a feeling of safety and of health benefits that enhance satisfaction in the experience of childbirt

Contribución al estudio de las eufilicíneas y equisetineas españolas, especialmente de las provincias vascongadas

Tesis inédita de la Universidad de Madrid, Facultad de Ciencias, leída en 1927.Universidad de MadridTRUEProQuestpu

Contribución al estudio de las eufilicíneas y equisetineas españolas, especialmente de las provincias vascongadas

Tesis inédita de la Universidad de Madrid, Facultad de Ciencias, leída en 1927.Universidad de MadridTRUEProQuestpu

Idiopathic External Jugular Vein Thrombosis

External jugular vein thrombosis is a rare complication that, when it occurs, is usually secondary to cervical trauma, infection, venous cannulation or malignancy. By contrast, spontaneous external jugular thrombosis is extremely uncommon. We report the case of a 69-year-old woman presenting to the Emergency Department with a 3 centimetre neck lump, which had suddenly appeared on the same day. She did not have any other relevant symptoms. The patient had not suffered any recent cervical trauma or infection. There was no personal or familial history of thromboembolic disease. Physical examination was normal, apart from the neck mass. A neck ultrasound revealed a non-occlusive thrombus inside the right external jugular vein. Usual workup, including a coagulation laboratory profile, autoimmunity and malignancy research, was unremarkable, identifying the thrombosis as idiopathic. Anticoagulation treatment was started, leading to a complete resolution of the thrombus, without recurrence. The sudden appearance of a painless cervical mass, without any identified triggering factor, is not common. The possibility of a jugular thrombosis should be kept in mind in the differential diagnosis of an isolated neck lump. In this case, point-of-care ultrasound, which is becoming increasingly available in Emergency Departments, contributed to the rapid and accurate diagnosis of the patient

Criterios para la reducción de emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero en el proyecto de fachadas de edificios de viviendas

Las actuales exigencias en materia de energía y emisiones y la ineficiencia del parque edificado hacen necesario detectar soluciones apropiadas para el diseño de la envolvente de los edificios. Dentro de esta envolvente, la fachada juega un papel determinante, ya que además de gestionar los flujos energéticos que se producen entre el interior y el exterior, tiene la capacidad de mejorar la calidad ambiental interior. En este trabajo se analiza el potencial de ahorro de energía y la reducción de emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero de varias estrategias de diseño de fachadas desde una perspectiva de ciclo de vida, incluyendo la energía necesaria en la fase de uso y la que llevan incorporada los materiales. Las categorías de impacto estudiadas son: consumo de combustibles fósiles y cambio climático y las estrategias de diseño están vinculadas a las zonas climáticas, la orientación, renovación del aire interior, materiales y composición de fachada. Los resultados obtenidos proporcionan datos de referencia del comportamiento de varios sistemas, y permiten detectar las mejores estrategias para reducir el consumo energético en viviendas, en una amplia variedad de situaciones posibles, que se dan tanto en fachadas de nueva construcción como en la rehabilitación de fachadas existentes. Es a través de la envolvente de la vivienda donde se produce el intercambio entre el ambiente interior y el exterior, y donde la iluminación, ventilación o flujo de calor son parámetros fundamentales para el diseño. Mejorando esta envolvente se puede reducir considerablemente el impacto ambiental, tanto en la selección de materiales como durante el uso del edifici

Environmental analysis of residential building facades through energy consumption, GHG emissions and costs

This paper provides some results on the potential to minimize environmental impacts in residential buildings life cycle, through façade design strategies, analyzing also their impact on costs from a lifecycle perspective. On one hand, it assesses the environmental damage produced by the materials of the building envelope, and on the other, the benefits they offer in terms of habitability and liveability in the use phase. The analysis includes several design parameters used both for rehabilitation of existing facades, as for new facades, trying to cover various determinants and proposing project alternatives. With this study we intended to contribute to address the energy challenges for the coming years, trying also to propose pathways for innovative solutions for the building envelope