Determinants of elimination decisions in the activity scheduling process

[EN] This paper presents an analysis on the determinants related to a particular rescheduling decision in the activity-travel scheduling process: elimination decisions, which consist in the non-execution of pre-planned activity-travel episodes. Data used come from an in-depth computer-assisted telephone interview (CATI) follow up survey carried out during the implementation of the first wave of an activity scheduling process panel survey. Open-ended answers related to the reasons associated to changes between pre-planned and executed agenda are studied. First, an interpretative qualitative method based on analytic induction (AI) is used to cope with the complex nature of the rescheduling decision under study and the characteristics of the available data. Then, econometric models are used to analyze factors influencing those decisions and complement the qualitative analysis. The detailed qualitative and quantitative study of those decisions has resulted in the identification of several reasons associated to the elimination of activity-travel episodes from the activity agenda. Factors influencing those reasons have been explored.Mars, L.; Ruiz Sánchez, T. (2017). Determinants of elimination decisions in the activity scheduling process. Transportation Letters. doi:10.1080/19427867.2016.1242882

COMPARISON ON TRAVEL SCHEDULING BETWEEN DRIVING AND WALKING TRIPS BY HABITUAL CAR USERS

Research on walking behavior has become increasingly more important in the field of transportation in the past decades. However, the study of the factors influencing the scheduling decisions related to walking trips and the exploration of the differences between travel modes has not been conducted yet. This paper presents a comparison of the scheduling and rescheduling decisions associated with car driving trips and walking trips by habitual car users using a data set collected in Valencia (Spain) in 2010. Bivariate probit models with sample selection are used to accommodate the influence of pre-planning on the decision to execute a travel as pre-planned or not. The explicative variables considered are: socio-economic characteristics of respondents, travel characteristics, and facets of the activity executed at origin and at destination including the scheduling decisions associated with them. The results demonstrate that a significant correlation exists between the choices of pre-planning and rescheduling for both types of trips. Whether for car driving or walking trips, the scheduling decisions associated with the activity at origin and at destination are the most important explicative factors of the trip scheduling and rescheduling decisions. However, the rescheduling of trips is mainly influenced by modifications in the activity at destination. Some interesting differences arise regarding the rescheduling decision processes between travel modes: if pre-planned, walking trips are less likely to be modified than car driving trips, showing a more rigid rescheduling behavior.We would like to thank the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation for funding the research project PEATON-TRA2011-27415.Ferrer López, S.; Ruiz Sánchez, T. (2016). COMPARISON ON TRAVEL SCHEDULING BETWEEN DRIVING AND WALKING TRIPS BY HABITUAL CAR USERS. Transportation. 44(1):27-48. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11116-015-9618-xS2748441Arentze, T., Timmemans, H.: ALBATROSS—A Learning Based Transportation Oriented Simulation System. European Institute of Retailing and Services Studies (EIRASS), Technical University of Eindhoven, Eindhoven (2000)Asadi-Shekari, Z., Moeinaddini, M., Zaly Shah, M.: Non-motorized level of service: addressing challenges in pedestrian and bicycle level of service. Transp. Rev. 33(2), 166–194 (2013)Auld, J., Mohammadian, A.: Activity planning processes in the agent-based dynamic activity planning and travel scheduling (ADAPTS) model. Transp. Res. Part A 46(8), 1386–1403 (2012)Bassett, D., Pucher, J., Buehler, R., Thompson, D., Crouter, S.: Walking, cycling, and obesity rates in Europe, North America, and Australia. J. Phys. Act. Health 5, 795–814 (2008)Borst, H.C., de Vries, S.I., Graham, J.M.A., von Dongen, J.E.F., Bakker, I., Miedema, H.M.E.: Influence of environmental street characteristics on walking route choice of elderly people. J. Environ. Psychol. 29, 477–484 (2009)Canca, D., Zarzo, A.E., Barrena, A.E.: Macroscopic attraction-based simulation of pedestrian mobility: a dynamic individual route-choice approach. Eur. J. Oper. Res. 231(2), 428–442 (2013)Cao, X., Handy, S.L., Mokhtarian, P.L.: The influences of the built environment and residential self-selection on pedestrian behavior: evidence from Austin, TX. Transportation 33(1), 1–20 (2006)Clark, A.F., Doherty, S.T.: Examining the nature and extent of the activity–travel preplanning decision process. In: Proceedings of the 87th Annual Meeting of the Transportation Research Board, Washington D.C. (2008)Doherty, S.T.: An activity scheduling process approach to understanding travel behavior. In: The 79th Annual Meeting of the Transportation Research Board, Washington D.C., 9–13, Jan (2000)Doherty, S.T., Miller, E.J.: A computerized household activity scheduling survey. Transportation 27, 75–97 (2000)Doherty, S.T.: How far in advance are activities planned? Measurement challenges and analysis. In: The 84th Anuual Meeting of the Transportation Research Board, Washington D.C. (2005)European Commission (EC): White Paper. Roadmap to a Single European Transport Area-Towards a competitive and resource efficient transport system [COM(2011)144]. Publications Office of the European Union, Luxembourg (2011)Ferrer, S., Ruiz, T.: Factors influencing the travel scheduling of driving trips of habitual car users. Transp. Res. Rec. 2412, 100–108 (2014). (Washington D.C.)García-Garcés, P., Ruiz, T.: Simultaneous analysis of global decisions in the activity–travel scheduling process. Transp. Res. Rec. 2382, 121–131 (2013). (Washington D.C.)Golledge, R.G., Kwan, M.-P., Garling, T.: Computational-process modelling of household travel decisions using a geographical information system. Working Paper, UCTC No. 218, The University of California Transportation Center, University of California at Berkeley (1994)Greene, W.: Econometric Analysis, 4th edn. Prentice Hall, New York (2000)Greenwald, M., Boarnet, M.G.: The built environment as a determinant of walking behavior: analyzing non-work pedestrian travel in Portland, Oregon. Transp. Res. Rec. 1780, 33–42 (2002)Guinn, J.M., Stangl, P.: Pedestrian and bicyclist motivation: an assessment of influences on pedestrians’ and bicyclists’ mode choice in Mt. Pleasant, Vancouver. Urb. Plan. Transp. Res. 2(1), 105–125 (2014)Habib, K.A.: Random utility maximization (RUM) based dynamic activity scheduling model: application in weekend activity scheduling. Transportation 38, 123–151 (2011)Habib, K., Morency, C., Trépanier, M.: Integrating parking behaviour in activity-based travel demand modelling: investigation of the relationship between parking type choice and activity scheduling process. Transp. Res. Part A 46, 154–166 (2012)Heckman, J.J.: Sample selection bias as a specification error. Econometrics 47(1), 153–161 (1979)Joh, C.-H., Doherty, S.T., Polak, J.W.: Analysis of factors affecting the frequency and type of activity schedule modification. Transp. Res. Rec. 1926, 19–25 (2005). (Washington, D.C.))Kelly, C.E., Tight, M.R., Hodgson, F.C., Page, M.W.: A comparison of three methods for assessing the walkability of the pedestrian environment. J. Transp. Geogr. 19(6), 1500–1508 (2011). (Special section on alternative travel futures)Lachapelle, U., Noland, R.B.: Does the commute mode affect the frequency of walking behavior? The public transit link. Transp. Policy 21, 26–36 (2012)Liao, T.F.: The nonrandom selection of don’t knows in binary and ordinal responses: corrections with the bivariate probit model with sample selection. Qual. Quant. 29, 87–110 (1995)Liao, F., Arentze, T., Timmermans, H.: Incorporating space–time constraints and activity–travel time profiles in a multi-state supernetwork approach to individual activity–travel scheduling. Transp. Res. Part B 55, 41–58 (2013)Mohammadian, A., Doherty, S.T.: Modeling activity scheduling time horizon: duration of time between planning and execution of pre-planned activities. Transp. Res. Part A 40(6), 475–490 (2006)Monzón, A., Cascajo, R., Alonso, A.: Observatorio de la Movilidad Metropolitana: informe 2011. Ministerio de Agricultura, Alimentación y Medio Ambiente, Madrid (2007)Nijland, E.W.L., Arentze, T.A., Borgers, A.W.J., Timmermans, H.J.P.: Individuals’ activity–travel rescheduling behaviour: experiment and model-based analysis. Environ. Plan. A 41(6), 1511–1522 (2009)Recker, W.W., McNally, M.G., Root, G.S.: A model of complex travel behaviour: part I theoretical development. Transp. Res. A 20a, 307–318 (1986)Roorda, M.J., Doherty, S.T., Miller, E.J.: Operationalising household activity scheduling models: addressing assumptions and the use of new sources of behavioral data. In: Lee-Gosselin, M., Doherty, S.T. (eds.) Integrated Land-Use and Transportation Models: Behavioural Foundations, pp. 61–85. Elsevier, Oxford (2005)Ruiz, T., García-Garcés, P.: Measuring the impact of travel behavior change programs on the activity scheduling process. Transp. Lett. (in press). doi: 10.1179/1942787514Y.0000000037Ruiz, T., Timmermans, H.J.P.: Changing the timing of activities in resolving scheduling conflicts. Transportation 33(5), 429–445 (2006)Ruiz, T., Roorda, M.J.: Analysis of planning decisions during the activity scheduling process. Transp. Res. Rec. 2054, 46–55 (2008). Washington, D.C.Ruiz, T., Roorda, M.J.: Assessing planning decisions by activity type during the scheduling process. Transportmetrica 7(6), 417–442 (2011)Van Bladel, K., Bellemans, T., Janssens, D., Wets, G.: Activity travel planning and rescheduling behavior: empirical analysis of influencing factors. Transp. Res. Rec. 2134, 135–142 (2009). Washington, D.C.Van den Berg, P., Arentze, T., Timmermans, H.J.P.: Factors influencing the planning of social activities. Transp. Res. Rec. 2157, 63–70 (2010). Washington, D.C.Van de Ven, W.P.M.M., Van Praag, B.M.S.: The demand for deductibles in private health insurance: a probit model with sample selection. J. Econom. 17, 229–252 (1981)Weinstein, A., Schlossberg, M., Irvin, K.: How far, by which route and why? Pedestrian preference. J. Urb. Des. 13(1), 81–98 (2008)Xiao, F., Lam, W.H.K.: A network equilibrium approach for modelling activity travel pattern scheduling problems in multi-modal transit networks with uncertainty. Transportation 41, 37–55 (2014)Yin, L.: Assessing walkability in the city of Buffalo: application of agent-based simulation. J. Urb. Plan. Dev. 139(3), 166–175 (2013)Zielstra, D., Hartwig, H.H.: Using free and proprietary data to compare shortest-path lengths for effective pedestrian routing in street networks. Transp. Res. Rec. 2299, 41–47 (2012). Washington, D.C

Genu valgum artrósico: tratamiento mediante osteotomías

La artrosis sobre genu valgum no es frecuente y relativamente bien tolerada. Suele ser de origen constitucional, y a veces de origen displásico o traumático. Antes de decidir una artroplastia total de rodilla en pacientes jóvenes hay que apreciar la posibilidad de realizar una osteotomía en estadios precoces de la enfermedad. La biomecánica es la base de esta decisión, precisando la necesidad de conseguir siempre una línea articular fémoro-tibial paralela al suelo. Por ello, la osteotomía varizante del fémur es la mejor indicación. La osteotomía varizante proximal de tibia apenas está indicada, salvo en casos traumáticos (fractura del platillo tibial externo). Se exponen la técnica, resultados y repercusión a distancia sobre la rodilla, ante una posible artroplastia totalThe lateral compartment artrosis of the knee is not frequent and huge well tolerated. The ethiology in the most cases in constitutional or secondary to displasy or trauma. We need appreciated the possibility to do corrective osteotomy before total arthroplasty in young patients with non severe degree of disease. The biomechanics is the base line of this possibility and the aim is to obtain an articular line in a horizontal position. It is the reason why the distal femoral osteotomy is the election site for it. In rare situations, like malunion of proximal tibial fracture (external tibial plateau) or light degrees of osteoarthrosis, the high proximal tibial osteotomy is indicated. Finally, technique, results and long-term problems of the knee before a total arthroplasty of the knee are expose

A QUALITATIVE STUDY ON THE ROLE OF THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT FOR SHORT WALKING TRIPS

The present study uses a qualitative approach with the aim to identify built environmental factors influencing short walking distances for transportation among adults (18-65 years), with special attention to micro-scale attributes. Three focus groups were held in Valencia (Spain) and conducted with participants who undertook, at least once a week, one short non-shopping trip in any travel mode (were "short trip" is defined as less than 3045 min walking distance). A thematic analysis of the data was performed and six categories of factors emerged related to the built environment. Factors were also classified as either barriers to walking, or secondary factors related to the attractiveness of the walking experience and the pedestrian route choice. Results show that factors related to safety from crime are the most deterrent to walking (absence of people and poor street lighting), along with the availability of car parking at destination for car users. Crossing large avenues and roundabouts in Valencia can be a deterrent to walking because of the high density of pedestrian traffic signals with a poor coordination, leading to long crossing waiting times. Secondary factors such as wide sidewalks, the presence of trees, and low traffic volume roads were mentioned by almost all participants. Our findings suggest that sidewalk width may not only influence pedestrian route choice but can be a barrier to walking. Focus groups also revealed that sidewalk cafes and bollards were seen as physical obstacles by some participants. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.We would like to thank the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation for funding the research project PEATON-TRA2011-27415. Furthermore, we would also like to thank the participants in the study and Pablo Garcia-Garces for his assistance with the focus groups.Ferrer López, S.; Ruiz Sánchez, T.; Mars, L. (2015). A QUALITATIVE STUDY ON THE ROLE OF THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT FOR SHORT WALKING TRIPS. Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour. 33:141-160. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trf.2015.07.014S1411603

Mobility and wellbeing during the covid-19 lockdown. Evidence from Spain

[EN] The lockdown of March and April 2020 declared by Spanish authorities in the Valencian Region to bending the Covid-19 curve, caused a drastic reduction of the economic activity and a severe limitation of mobility. People were asked to stay at home as much as possible. Education and administrative centers, as well as restaurants, theaters, sport arenas, etc., were closed. Work at conventional workplaces was prohibited for people who could tele-work, and students were compelled to attend classes on-line. Such limitation of mobility and spending so many time at home, could affect the wellbeing of people. The objective of the present paper is to present a study on the differences on wellbeing according to the mobility of respondents during the lockdown. Information from 1,827 individuals regarding the satisfaction of the basic psychological needs (Autonomy, Competence and Relatedness) and Positive and Negative affect were collected through and web-survey during the first lockdown of the Covid-19 pandemic, together with mobility data and sociodemographic characteristics. Mann-Whitney U tests, Confirmatory Factor Analyses and Structural Equation models are used to find out differences in the wellbeing of people according to their mobility characteristics during the first lockdown, and how these mobility characteristics are associated to the psychological variables studied. Mobility of people during the first lockdown reduced drastically, especially the youngest ones, and the main travel mode was walking. In general, the youngest participants in this research and females present lower values of the psychological wellbeing variables during the lockdown. A very low or very high degree of mobility is also associated to discomfort, although the more time spent traveling the better people feel. Those who walked more are related to lower values of wellbeing. Some lessons are learned to improve transport and mobility planning during a pandemic.This research has been partially funded by Catedra Transporte y Sociedad (Generalitat Valenciana) , and the I + D + I project Travelwell + (PID2019-108843RB-I00) funded by MCIN/AEI /https://doi.org/10.13039/501100011033Mars, L.; Arroyo-López, MR.; Ruiz Sánchez, T. (2022). Mobility and wellbeing during the covid-19 lockdown. Evidence from Spain. Transportation Research Part A Policy and Practice. 161:107-129. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tra.2022.05.00410712916

Workshop synthesis: Use of social media, social networks and qualitative approaches as innovative ways to collect and enrich travel data

[EN] Transportation Planning and Analysis is living a new era in terms of new data sources. Traditional survey data is being enriched with information generated by the use of smartphones, smartcards, online social media and social networks, etc. However, these new data sources require the use of specific techniques to extract valuable information, and the use of inferring methods to be useful in the transportation context. This workshop reviewed advantages and drawbacks of innovative travel data sources related to the use of online Social Media and Social Networks.Ampt, L.; Ruiz Sánchez, T. (2018). Workshop synthesis: Use of social media, social networks and qualitative approaches as innovative ways to collect and enrich travel data. Transportation Research Procedia. 32:93-98. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trpro.2018.10.016S93983

Attitudes towards the environment related to travel and personal mobility

[EN] The objective of this paper is to study the relationship between personal mobility and attitudes towards the environment related to travel behavior considering sociodemographic characteristics. The dataset used for this study was collected through a web-based survey carried out in Valencia (Spain) during 2017 and 1684 valid responses were obtained. In this research a subpart of the survey is used, including 5 items which measure attitudes towards the environment related to travel and 5 items to measure personal mobility. The items were measured using a 5 points Likert Scale. Additionally, individual and household demographic characteristics are considered. The methodology of this research consist on descriptive analysis and frequency distributions. Factor Analysis (Exploratory and Confirmatory) is used to construct the latent variables which measure attitudes and Mann-Whitney U is test are assessed to find significant differences among the variables of the study. Preliminary results show that environmental concerns are taken into account by women as a factor to decrease their car use, while men do not consider this factor that relevant. Next, young people and men carry our more activities while traveling in public transport, for instance: reading, listening to music or checking social networks. The results of this research are useful for the development of transport policies to promote sustainable transport.This study has been developed within the framework of Minerva Project, founded by the I+D+i National Program of Society Challenges of the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Finance (TRA2015-71184-C2-1-R).Arroyo-López, MR.; Ruiz Sánchez, T.; Mars Aicart, L. (2021). Attitudes towards the environment related to travel and personal mobility. Transportation Research Procedia. 58:201-208. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trpro.2021.11.0282012085

Sustainability analysis on Urban Mobility based on Social Media content

Urban transport became an important element in the promotion of strategies towards sustainability, in fact one of the challenges posed by booming urban populations is the question of mobility. Traditional travel survey methods used to study urban mobility are very expensive, and the data collected are of poor quality. This is mainly explained because of the difficulty of getting a representative sample of the population, and the lack of motivated participants. Therefore, travel surveys are carried out less and less frequently, and the result is that good travel data is not available to develop mobility and travel behaviour studies. Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) offer the opportunity to improve traditional travel survey methods, decreasing bias in the data, reducing respondent burden, and increasing data quality. On the other hand, nowadays the User Generated Content (UGC) is growing very fast in Internet. Social media have become a valuable source for knowledge but there is a big gap in the automatic Sentiment Analysis with Semantic taxonomy annotation of online textual content. The aim of this research is to identify sustainability issues related to urban mobility based in the perceptions and experiences that underlie in the UGC. The methodology follows a quantitative and qualitative content analysis using Sentiment Analysis techniques. This paper demonstrates empirically the feasibility of the automatic identification of the Sustainable Urban Mobility problems in the discourses generated by the UGC, through a powerful ad-hoc software combining Natural Language Processing and Sentiment Analysis field tools. The main contribution of this work is the development of a tool and methodology on sustainability analysis on urban environment. Our approach enriches the data of the traditional surveys, extends traditional analysis with Big-Data methods, using data mining algorithms and Natural Language Processing techniques to extract urban mobility information from Social Media data. These data include important information about activities and travels, and can help to improve our understanding of urban mobility

Variations on the Activity-travel Scheduling Process After Participation in Travel Behavior Change Program

In the last few decades, several “soft” transport policy measures have arisen in order to shift people voluntarily out of their cars to public transport or non-polluting travel modes, such as walk or bicycle. Considering the activities as precursor of trips, travel changes affect the way people manage their agendas, so it is clear to think that behaviour change is associated with the flexibility to change daily schedules. The aim of this paper is to present a preliminary analysis of the variations on the activity-travel scheduling process, particularly in the rescheduling time horizon, after participation in Travel Behavior Change Programs (TBCP). For this purpose, it has been used a new dataset from a two-wave activity scheduling process panel survey conducted over a period of two years in the city of Valencia (Spain). Part of the respondents participated in TPCP between both waves. Results show that there are significant differences in the rescheduling time horizon between those respondents who participated in TBCP and those who did not.García Garcés, P.; Ruiz Sánchez, T. (2014). Variations on the Activity-travel Scheduling Process After Participation in Travel Behavior Change Program. Procedia Social and Behavioral Sciences. 160:150-159. doi:10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.12.126S15015916

Comparison of the factors of the built environment influencing the decision to walk for short trips in two Spanish cities: Valencia and Granada

[EN] In this study, we use a qualitative methodology to identify and compare factors of the built environment influencing the decision to walk for short trips in two different Spanish cities: Valencia and Granada. Three focus groups were held in Valencia and two in Granada with participants who undertook, at least once a week, one short non-shopping trip in any travel mode (were “short trip” is defined as less than 30-45 minutes walking distance). A thematic analysis of the data using the software QSR NVivo was performed after the transcription of the video recordings. Results show that participants perceive more facilitators to walking in Granada than in Valencia, explained by the smaller size of the former city and the driving restriction policy in the city centre of Granada for private cars. The main common barriers to walking in the two cities were: insecurity from crime (absence of people, a poor street lighting or walking along a conflictive are), a high density of traffic lights and walking along large avenues. In the city of Valencia, crossing multilane avenues and large-diameter roundabouts are deterrents to walking. In Granada, very steep streets motivate the use of alternative travel modes.We would like to thank the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation for funding the research project PEATON-TRA2011-27415. Furthermore, we would also like to thank the participants in the study, Pablo García-Garcés for his assistance with the focus groups, Rocío de Oña and José Luis Machado for their help to organize the focus groups in Granada, and Lidón Mars for her help in conducting focus groups.Ferrer López, S.; Ruiz Sánchez, T. (2016). Comparison of the factors of the built environment influencing the decision to walk for short trips in two Spanish cities: Valencia and Granada. En XII Congreso de ingeniería del transporte. 7, 8 y 9 de Junio, Valencia (España). Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València. 143-163. https://doi.org/10.4995/CIT2016.2016.4263OCS14316