Análisis Estructural I - CI10 - 202101

Descripción Es un curso de Ingeniería Civil de Estructuras, obligatorio, que sirve para abordar el análisis de estructuras isostáticas e hiperestáticas formadas por barras sobre las que pueden actuar cargas fijas y móviles. Estos conocimientos permiten calcular las fuerzas interiores y los desplazamientos en las estructuras formadas por barras, aspectos necesarios para el diseño posterior de las mismas. Propósito El curso busca que el estudiante aplique los principios básicos del análisis de estructuras formadas por barras y los fundamentos teóricos de los mismos. El curso contribuye con el desarrollo de la competencia general de Razonamiento Cuantitativo a nivel de logro 2, y la competencia específica 1 de ABET: Resolución de Problemas a nivel de logro 2. Así mismo, el curso cuenta con el prerrequisito de Mecánica de Materiales

Ingeniería Sismo-Resistente - CI183 - 202101

Descripción Curso de Especialidad en la Carrera de Ingeniería Civil de carácter teórico práctico dirigido a los estudiantes de 8vo Ciclo. El curso Ingeniería Sismo-Resistente realiza una profunda exploración sobre los conceptos fundamentales del Fenómeno Sísmico y la Dinámica de Estructuras. Estos conceptos son fundamentales para el desarrollo y diseño de Proyectos de Ingeniería, además de su modelamiento en las TIC. Varias de las actividades buscan crear consciencia de los efectos del sismo y la posibilidad de reducirlos a partir de los temas tratados. Propósito El curso contribuye con el desarrollo de la Competencia general de Manejo de la información y la competencia específica 2 de ABET "Diseño". Así mismo, el curso busca que el estudiante reconozca, explique y aplique los principios básicos del fenómeno sísmico y los fundamentos teóricos de la dinámica de estructuras para el análisis de modelos de sistemas representados por uno o varios grados de libertad discretos. Además, usa la normativa vigente en Perú para el análisis y diseño sísmico de las estructuras tipo edificación

Análisis Estructural I - CI10 - 202102

Descripción Es un curso de Ingeniería Civil de Estructuras, obligatorio, que sirve para abordar el análisis de estructuras isostáticas e hiperestáticas formadas por barras sobre las que pueden actuar cargas fijas y móviles. Estos conocimientos permiten calcular las fuerzas interiores y los desplazamientos en las estructuras formadas por barras, aspectos necesarios para el diseño posterior de las mismas. Propósito El curso busca que el estudiante aplique los principios básicos del análisis de estructuras formadas por barras y los fundamentos teóricos de los mismos. El curso contribuye con el desarrollo de la competencia general de Razonamiento Cuantitativo a nivel de logro 2, y la competencia específica 1 de ABET: Resolución de Problemas a nivel de logro 2. Así mismo, el curso cuenta con el prerrequisito de Mecánica de Materiales

Ingeniería Sismo-Resistente - CI183 - 202102

Descripción Curso de Especialidad en la Carrera de Ingeniería Civil de carácter teórico práctico dirigido a los estudiantes de 8vo Ciclo. El curso Ingeniería Sismo-Resistente realiza una profunda exploración sobre los conceptos fundamentales del Fenómeno Sísmico y la Dinámica de Estructuras. Estos conceptos son fundamentales para el desarrollo y diseño de Proyectos de Ingeniería, además de su modelamiento en las TIC. Varias de las actividades buscan crear consciencia de los efectos del sismo y la posibilidad de reducirlos a partir de los temas tratados. Propósito El curso contribuye con el desarrollo de la Competencia general de Manejo de la información y la competencia específica 2 de ABET "Diseño". Así mismo, el curso busca que el estudiante reconozca, explique y aplique los principios básicos del fenómeno sísmico y los fundamentos teóricos de la dinámica de estructuras para el análisis de modelos de sistemas representados por uno o varios grados de libertad discretos. Además, usa la normativa vigente en Perú para el análisis y diseño sísmico de las estructuras tipo edificación.

Mecánica de Materiales - CI168 - 202102

Descripción: El curso Mecánica de Materiales presenta las propiedades de los materiales que forman parte de toda obra de ingeniería y que están sometidos a cargas que generan esfuerzos y deformaciones en este. Es así como el curso permitirá al estudiante abordar, comprender y aplicar las teorías del comportamiento de los materiales, que conducen a la determinación de la resistencia, rigidez, esfuerzos y deformaciones de elementos estructurales sometidos a diversos tipos de solicitaciones mecánicas. Es un curso de especialidad de la carrera de Ingeniería Civil, de carácter teórico-práctico, dirigido a los estudiantes del 5to ciclo. Durante su desarrollo son resueltos diversos problemas de ingeniería civil a partir de los cuales calcularán los esfuerzos, las 1deformaciones y la estabilidad que alcanzan los elementos estructurales sometidos a diversos estados de carga haciendo uso de manera clara y precisa de los principios de resistencia, rigidez y estabilidad de estructuras. Asimismo, realizaran diversos ensayos de laboratorio de tal manera que puedan adquirir la habilidad de conocer las distintas propiedades mecánicas de los materiales relacionando los conceptos teóricos con la experimentación. Propósito: Teniendo en cuenta la importancia de las estructuras de diversos materiales y su funcionamiento en la ingeniería civil, con la finalidad de realizar diseños eficiente la asignatura de mecánica de materiales permitirá al estudiante abordar, comprender y aplicar las teorías del comportamiento de los materiales, que conducen a la determinación de la resistencia, rigidez, esfuerzos y deformaciones de elementos estructurales sometidos a diversos tipos de solicitaciones mecánicas. El curso contribuye con el desarrollo de la competencia general de Pensamiento Innovador a nivel 2 y la competencia específica 1 de ABET a nivel 1: Identifica, formula y resuelve problemas complejos de Ingeniería Civil mediante la aplicación de principios de ingeniería, ciencia y matemáticas. Cuenta con los prerrequisitos de Cálculo II y Estática

Effects of pre-operative isolation on postoperative pulmonary complications after elective surgery: an international prospective cohort study an international prospective cohort study

We aimed to determine the impact of pre-operative isolation on postoperative pulmonary complications after elective surgery during the global SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. We performed an international prospective cohort study including patients undergoing elective surgery in October 2020. Isolation was defined as the period before surgery during which patients did not leave their house or receive visitors from outside their household. The primary outcome was postoperative pulmonary complications, adjusted in multivariable models for measured confounders. Pre-defined sub-group analyses were performed for the primary outcome. A total of 96,454 patients from 114 countries were included and overall, 26,948 (27.9%) patients isolated before surgery. Postoperative pulmonary complications were recorded in 1947 (2.0%) patients of which 227 (11.7%) were associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Patients who isolated pre-operatively were older, had more respiratory comorbidities and were more commonly from areas of high SARS-CoV-2 incidence and high-income countries. Although the overall rates of postoperative pulmonary complications were similar in those that isolated and those that did not (2.1% vs 2.0%, respectively), isolation was associated with higher rates of postoperative pulmonary complications after adjustment (adjusted OR 1.20, 95%CI 1.05–1.36, p = 0.005). Sensitivity analyses revealed no further differences when patients were categorised by: pre-operative testing; use of COVID-19-free pathways; or community SARS-CoV-2 prevalence. The rate of postoperative pulmonary complications increased with periods of isolation longer than 3 days, with an OR (95%CI) at 4–7 days or ≥ 8 days of 1.25 (1.04–1.48), p = 0.015 and 1.31 (1.11–1.55), p = 0.001, respectively. Isolation before elective surgery might be associated with a small but clinically important increased risk of postoperative pulmonary complications. Longer periods of isolation showed no reduction in the risk of postoperative pulmonary complications. These findings have significant implications for global provision of elective surgical care. We aimed to determine the impact of pre-operative isolation on postoperative pulmonary complications after elective surgery during the global SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. We performed an international prospective cohort study including patients undergoing elective surgery in October 2020. Isolation was defined as the period before surgery during which patients did not leave their house or receive visitors from outside their household. The primary outcome was postoperative pulmonary complications, adjusted in multivariable models for measured confounders. Pre-defined sub-group analyses were performed for the primary outcome. A total of 96,454 patients from 114 countries were included and overall, 26,948 (27.9%) patients isolated before surgery. Postoperative pulmonary complications were recorded in 1947 (2.0%) patients of which 227 (11.7%) were associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Patients who isolated pre-operatively were older, had more respiratory comorbidities and were more commonly from areas of high SARS-CoV-2 incidence and high-income countries. Although the overall rates of postoperative pulmonary complications were similar in those that isolated and those that did not (2.1% vs 2.0%, respectively), isolation was associated with higher rates of postoperative pulmonary complications after adjustment (adjusted OR 1.20, 95%CI 1.05–1.36, p = 0.005). Sensitivity analyses revealed no further differences when patients were categorised by: pre-operative testing; use of COVID-19-free pathways; or community SARS-CoV-2 prevalence. The rate of postoperative pulmonary complications increased with periods of isolation longer than 3 days, with an OR (95%CI) at 4–7 days or ≥ 8 days of 1.25 (1.04–1.48), p = 0.015 and 1.31 (1.11–1.55), p = 0.001, respectively. Isolation before elective surgery might be associated with a small but clinically important increased risk of postoperative pulmonary complications. Longer periods of isolation showed no reduction in the risk of postoperative pulmonary complications. These findings have significant implications for global provision of elective surgical care

Weaning from mechanical ventilation in intensive care units across 50 countries (WEAN SAFE): a multicentre, prospective, observational cohort study

Background Current management practices and outcomes in weaning from invasive mechanical ventilation are poorly understood. We aimed to describe the epidemiology, management, timings, risk for failure, and outcomes of weaning in patients requiring at least 2 days of invasive mechanical ventilation. Methods WEAN SAFE was an international, multicentre, prospective, observational cohort study done in 481 intensive care units in 50 countries. Eligible participants were older than 16 years, admitted to a participating intensive care unit, and receiving mechanical ventilation for 2 calendar days or longer. We defined weaning initiation as the first attempt to separate a patient from the ventilator, successful weaning as no reintubation or death within 7 days of extubation, and weaning eligibility criteria based on positive end-expiratory pressure, fractional concentration of oxygen in inspired air, and vasopressors. The primary outcome was the proportion of patients successfully weaned at 90 days. Key secondary outcomes included weaning duration, timing of weaning events, factors associated with weaning delay and weaning failure, and hospital outcomes. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03255109. Findings Between Oct 4, 2017, and June 25, 2018, 10 232 patients were screened for eligibility, of whom 5869 were enrolled. 4523 (77·1%) patients underwent at least one separation attempt and 3817 (65·0%) patients were successfully weaned from ventilation at day 90. 237 (4·0%) patients were transferred before any separation attempt, 153 (2·6%) were transferred after at least one separation attempt and not successfully weaned, and 1662 (28·3%) died while invasively ventilated. The median time from fulfilling weaning eligibility criteria to first separation attempt was 1 day (IQR 0–4), and 1013 (22·4%) patients had a delay in initiating first separation of 5 or more days. Of the 4523 (77·1%) patients with separation attempts, 2927 (64·7%) had a short wean (≤1 day), 457 (10·1%) had intermediate weaning (2–6 days), 433 (9·6%) required prolonged weaning (≥7 days), and 706 (15·6%) had weaning failure. Higher sedation scores were independently associated with delayed initiation of weaning. Delayed initiation of weaning and higher sedation scores were independently associated with weaning failure. 1742 (31·8%) of 5479 patients died in the intensive care unit and 2095 (38·3%) of 5465 patients died in hospital. Interpretation In critically ill patients receiving at least 2 days of invasive mechanical ventilation, only 65% were weaned at 90 days. A better understanding of factors that delay the weaning process, such as delays in weaning initiation or excessive sedation levels, might improve weaning success rates

Weaning from mechanical ventilation in intensive care units across 50 countries (WEAN SAFE): a multicentre, prospective, observational cohort study

Background: Current management practices and outcomes in weaning from invasive mechanical ventilation are poorly understood. We aimed to describe the epidemiology, management, timings, risk for failure, and outcomes of weaning in patients requiring at least 2 days of invasive mechanical ventilation. Methods: WEAN SAFE was an international, multicentre, prospective, observational cohort study done in 481 intensive care units in 50 countries. Eligible participants were older than 16 years, admitted to a participating intensive care unit, and receiving mechanical ventilation for 2 calendar days or longer. We defined weaning initiation as the first attempt to separate a patient from the ventilator, successful weaning as no reintubation or death within 7 days of extubation, and weaning eligibility criteria based on positive end-expiratory pressure, fractional concentration of oxygen in inspired air, and vasopressors. The primary outcome was the proportion of patients successfully weaned at 90 days. Key secondary outcomes included weaning duration, timing of weaning events, factors associated with weaning delay and weaning failure, and hospital outcomes. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03255109. Findings: Between Oct 4, 2017, and June 25, 2018, 10 232 patients were screened for eligibility, of whom 5869 were enrolled. 4523 (77·1%) patients underwent at least one separation attempt and 3817 (65·0%) patients were successfully weaned from ventilation at day 90. 237 (4·0%) patients were transferred before any separation attempt, 153 (2·6%) were transferred after at least one separation attempt and not successfully weaned, and 1662 (28·3%) died while invasively ventilated. The median time from fulfilling weaning eligibility criteria to first separation attempt was 1 day (IQR 0-4), and 1013 (22·4%) patients had a delay in initiating first separation of 5 or more days. Of the 4523 (77·1%) patients with separation attempts, 2927 (64·7%) had a short wean (≤1 day), 457 (10·1%) had intermediate weaning (2-6 days), 433 (9·6%) required prolonged weaning (≥7 days), and 706 (15·6%) had weaning failure. Higher sedation scores were independently associated with delayed initiation of weaning. Delayed initiation of weaning and higher sedation scores were independently associated with weaning failure. 1742 (31·8%) of 5479 patients died in the intensive care unit and 2095 (38·3%) of 5465 patients died in hospital. Interpretation: In critically ill patients receiving at least 2 days of invasive mechanical ventilation, only 65% were weaned at 90 days. A better understanding of factors that delay the weaning process, such as delays in weaning initiation or excessive sedation levels, might improve weaning success rates. Funding: European Society of Intensive Care Medicine, European Respiratory Society