Концепция соотношения сознательного и стихийного В.И. Ленина: опыт оценки

В статье представлен опыт оценки концепции соотношения сознательного и стихийного В.И. Ленина. Его структуру определяет последовательность решения задач, которая обеспечивает установление достижений и недостатков концепции соотношения сознательного и стихийного В.И.Ленина в истолковании этого соотношения. Сначала выделяются компоненты, образующие структуру теории соотношения сознательного и стихийного; затем выясняется, каким образом они раскрываются в концепции В.И. Ленина; после этого указываются критерии, по которым могут оцениваться философские концепции, определенным образом истолковывающие соотношение сознательного и стихийного; в соответствии с установленными критериями дается оценка как концепции соотношения сознательного и стихийного В.И. Ленина в целом, так и ее отдельным компонентам. В заключение делаются выводы о тех отношениях, в которых рассмотренная концепция В.И. Ленина может быть оценена позитивно и негативно.In the article the experience of estimation of conception of the alignment of conscious and elemental of V.I. Lenin is presented. Experience's structure is determined by the sequence of decision of tasks, which provides establishment of the achievements and lacks of the conception of the alignment of conscious and elemental of V.I. Lenin in the interpretation of this alignment. The components which form the structure of the theory of alignment of conscious and elemental are designated at first; then it appears, how they are being revealed in V.I. Lenin's conception; after this the criteria on which philosophical conceptions can be estimated are indicated, definitely interpreting the alignment of conscious and elemental; in accordance with the established criteria the estimation is given both of conception of alignment conscious and elemental of V.I. Lenin as a whole, and of its separate components. Inferences about those relations in which the considered conception of V.I. Lenin can be appraised positively and negatively are drawn in conclusion

Застосування ідарубіцину в сучасній гематологічній практиці

Узагальнені результати застосування ідарубіцину при різних формах злоякісних гематологічних захворювань. Представлені сучасні уявлення про механізм дії ідарубіцину, зокрема, висвітлені нові можливості в подоланні множинної медикаментозної резистентності. Показані переваги ідарубіцину порівняно з іншими цитостатичними препаратами групи антрациклінів. Наведені традиційні дози та режими застосування ідарубіцину, а також можливості комбінацій з іншими цитостатичними засобами.The results of treatment of various neoplastic disorders with idarubicin are summarized. The review presents modern concepts of the mechanisms of idarubicin action, including as a means of overcoming multiple drug resistance, along with advantages of idarubicin in comparison with other anthracyclines. Information is provided on conventional doses and schedules of idarubicin administration as well as new possibilities of the most efficient combinations with other cytotoxic drugs

Chronic pain relief after receiving affective touch: A single case report

Affective touch is gentle slow stroking of the skin, which can reduce experimentally induced pain. Our participant, suffering from Parkinson's Disease and chronic pain, received 1 week of non-affective touch and 1 week of affective touch as part of a larger study. Interestingly, after 2 days of receiving affective touch, the participant started to feel less pain. After 7 days, the burning painful sensations fully disappeared. This suggest that affective touch may reduce chronic pain in clinical populations

Complications, compliance and undertreatment do not explain the relationship between cognition and survival in diffuse glioma patient.

Background. Cognitive deficits occur in all different grades of glioma. In a recent study, we found these deficits to be independently, and possibly causally, related to survival in diffuse gliomas. In this study, we investigated whether the relationship between cognition and survival was mediated by three different factors: undertreatment, complications of treatment, and compliance. We hypothesized that patients with cognitive impairment may undergo less intensive treatment, be less compliant, and suffer more from complications, resulting in shortened survival for cognitively impaired patients. Methods. In a retrospective cohort study of patients undergoing awake craniotomy between operative neuropsychological assessments in five cognitive domains. We used Structural Equation Modeling to perform mediation analyses. Mediation analyses are analyses to evaluate whether a variable is a factor in the causal chain, referred to as an intermediate factor. Results. In total 254 patients were included, of whom 111 patients were LGG patients and 143 were HGG patients. The most frequently impaired domain was memory (37.8% ≤–2 SD) in HGG and attention and executive functioning in LGG (33.3≤–1.5 SD). We confirmed the significant association between different cognitive domains and survival. These associations could not be explained by one of the aforementioned intermediate factors. Conclusions. This suggests that other mechanisms should be involved in the relation between cognition and survival. Hypothetically, cognitive functioning can act as a marker for diffuse infiltration of the tumor or cognitive functioning and survival could be determined by overlapping germline and somatic tumoral molecular-genetic factors

Space in Neuropsychological Assessment

In clinical practice complaints in spatial cognition are fairly common, but detailed assessment of possible disorders of space is not routinely performed. This chapter provides a brief overview of available test procedures that can be applied in patient care. For some types of complaints these include widely used and well-validated tests, but for other areas, such as spatial language and body space, standardized procedures are scarce. Rehabilitation methods are also discussed, involving compensatory strategies to help patients deal with the consequences of disorders of space.</p

Anxiety in the preoperative phase of awake brain tumor surgery.

OBJECTIVE: Awake surgery emerges as a standard of care for brain tumors located in or near eloquent areas. Levels of preoperative anxiety in patients are important, because anxiety can influence cognitive performance and participation, hence altering the outcome of the procedure. In this study we analyzed the prevalence and potential clinical predictors of anxiety in the pre-operative phase of an awake brain tumor surgery. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Seventy consecutive candidates for an awake brain tumor surgery were included. All patients received a neuropsychological pre-operative work-up. The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) was administrated to investigate symptoms of anxiety. Demographic and medical data were extracted from patients' charts. Linear regression analyses, multiple regression analyses, t-tests for parametric and Mann-Whitney U tests for non-parametric data were used to analyze the relation between demographic and medical variables and pre-operative anxiety. RESULTS: Mean score on the anxiety scale of the HADS was 6.1 (SD=4.2, range 1-19) and 25% of the patients scored on or above the cut-off for anxiety symptoms (score >7). Women reported higher levels of anxiety than men (p<0.01). Furthermore, younger patient were more anxious than older patients (p<0.05). No other variables were significantly related to pre-operative anxiety. CONCLUSIONS: Merely, one in every four patients reported significant anxiety symptoms in the pre-operative phase. Besides gender and age, none of the other demographic or medical factors were significantly associated with the level of anxiety

Spatial factors influencing the pain-ameliorating effect of CT-optimal touch: a comparative study for modulating temporal summation of second pain

Abstract Recent studies show that CT-optimal touch, gentle slow stroking of the skin, can reduce pain. However, much is unknown regarding the factors influencing its pain-ameliorating effect, such as tactile attention and touch application site. The current study investigates in 36 healthy individuals, whether CT-optimal touch can reduce temporal summation of second pain (TSSP) compared to CT non-optimal touch and tapping the skin. TSSP refers to activation of the C-nociceptors; by stimulating these fibers a burning and/or tingling sensation can be elicited. All participants underwent three conditions on both the contralateral and ipsilateral side of pain induction. The results show that tapping the skin did not reduce TSSP, meaning that pain reduction through touch cannot be explained by tactile attention effects. CT non-optimal touch only reduced TSSP when applied on the ipsilateral side. Importantly, CT-optimal touch effectively reduced TSSP when applied on the contralateral or ipsilateral side. Furthermore, CT-optimal touch was more effective in reducing TSSP compared to CT non-optimal touch and Tapping. This study shows that that CT-optimal touch can reduce TSSP and this effect appears to be independent of touch application site, which is highly relevant for implementing CT-optimal touch as a treatment

Neural basis of affective touch and pain: A novel model suggests possible targets for pain amelioration

Pain is one of the most common health problems and has a severe impact on quality of life. Yet, a suitable and efficient treatment is still not available for all patient populations suffering from pain. Interestingly, recent research shows that low threshold mechanosensory C-tactile (CT) fibres have a modulatory influence on pain. CT-fibres are activated by slow gentle stroking of the hairy skin, providing a pleasant sensation. Consequently, slow gentle stroking is known as affective touch. Currently, a clear overview of the way affective touch modulates pain, at a neural level, is missing. This review aims to present such an overview. To explain the interaction between affective touch and pain, first the neural basis of the affective touch system and the neural processing of pain will be described. To clarify these systems, a schematic illustration will be provided in every section. Hereafter, a novel model of interactions between affective touch and pain systems will be introduced. Finally, since affective touch might be suitable as a new treatment for chronic pain, possible clinical implications will be discussed