6 research outputs found
Surface pollen assemblages of human-disturbed vegetation and their relationship with vegetation and climate in Northeast China
Surface pollen assemblages of human-disturbed vegetation and their relationship with vegetation and climate in Northeast China
Overcoming power efficiency limitation of white fluorescence lightâemitting diodes via multilevelâhydrogenâbond matrix
Abstract High power efficiency and low efficiency rollâoff at practical luminance are two requirements for newâgeneration energyâsaving lighting technologies, which are still bottlenecks of thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) white organic lightâemitting diodes (WOLED), despite the advantages of TADF materials and devices in low cost and high sustainability. Herein, we developed a spiro phosphine oxide host named SSOXSPO, which can form multiple and multidirectional intermolecular hydrogen bonds (IHB). The resulted multilevel IHB network integrates longârange ordered and shortârange disordered alignments for suppressing tripletâpolaron quenching (TPQ) and tripletâtriplet annihilation (TTA). Electronic characteristics of SSOXSPO matrix are further regulated, leading to the optimal exciton allocation through balancing energy and charge transfer. As consequence, using SSOXSPO as host, the singleâemissiveâlayer TADF WOLEDs realized the record performance, including ultralow operation voltage as âŒ4.0 V, power efficiency beyond fluorescent tube (70.1 lm Wâ1) and negligible external quantum efficiency rollâoff (3%) at 1000 nits for indoor lighting. This work demonstrates that multiple interplays supported by host matrixes in TADF WOLEDs can facilitate the synergistic effects of TADF emitters on 100% exciton utilization