1,206 research outputs found
A Comparative Study On Application Of Regulation Of Hygiene Education Dated 5 July 2013 Between Göynük And Güdül Counties
Regulation of Hygiene Education has been published in compliance with the EU acquis on July 5, 2013 and has become valid on July 5, 2014. This study was conducted to determine the effect of local governments on increasing awareness and to increase the level of awareness as a result of the application of the trainings in Goynuk and Gudul in accordance with the regulations. During this study; questions have been asked by survey techniques and the responses have been analyzed by Student's t-test. In the study, it was observed that awareness of employees and employers was increased when the training was completed; whereas the level of awareness of the employees and employers not receiving training were quite low. It was understood that awareness is developed according to the importance given by the local authorities having audit liability
Social Exclusion: the Concept and Application to Developing Countries
The feasibility of operationalisation of the 'social exclusion' concept in developing countries is investigated in this paper. The origins of the approach in relation to the welfare state and unemployment status and its spread in Western Europe and developing countries are discussed briefly. Some studies operationalising the concept in Western Europe and developing countries are presented. The differences in the social security arrangements between industrialised and developing countries that require the concept to be altered to allow implementation in local contexts are discussed. Such attempts however appear to largely result in a repetition of research that has already been conducted within frameworks that have developed in developing countries (basic needs, capabilities, sustainable livelihoods, risk and vulnerability, participatory approaches) in parallel to the 'social exclusion' concept in industrialised countries. While most features of the 'social exclusion' concept (attention to multiple dimensions, social relationships, assessing the poverty of individuals relative to others in society and concern with dynamics of poverty) are shared by concepts implemented in developing countries, these frameworks, could benefit by taking from social exclusion its emphasis on investigating the processes that lead to poverty. It would however be sufficient to incorporate an emphasis on looking at processes within pre-existing frameworks in developing countries, rather than re-doing poverty analyses under the rubric of 'social exclusion'.
The Modal Adverbs mutlaka and kesinlikle in the Context of Directives and Deontic Modality in Turkish
The study of deontic modality has largely concentrated on the semantics of linguistic forms with little systematic discussion of its connection to pragmatics. This paper aims to sketch a deictic model for describing linguistic form in deontic modality for the purpose of linking linguistic forms to pragmatic usage within a politenesstheoretic perspective. The model is based on the idea that deontic modality may distinguish between deictic centres consisting of the speaker and the ëother.à The model is illustrated in the context of two modal adverbs in Turkish directives, namely ëmutlakaà and ëkesinlikleÃ. This study examines the adverbs particularly in the expression of prohibition and denial of permission and claims that the differential use of the adverbs may be explained with reference to politeness strategies such that an obligation in Turkish can involve a positive politeness strategy, while a strong prohibition calls for a negative politeness strategy. As such, a positive directive in Turkish can claim common ground by relying on circumstantial support to intensify its meaning (e.g., ëBunu mutlaka yapÃ), but a prohibition (e.g., Bunu yapma) is a stronger face-threatening act. Prohibition requires an intensification marker that reflects the attitude/judgment of the speaker or others, hence, the grammaticality of ëkesinlikleÃ.modal adverbs, deontic modality, directives, politeness theory
Joint morphological-lexical language modeling for processing morphologically rich languages with application to dialectal Arabic
Language modeling for an inflected language
such as Arabic poses new challenges for speech recognition and
machine translation due to its rich morphology. Rich morphology
results in large increases in out-of-vocabulary (OOV) rate and
poor language model parameter estimation in the absence of large
quantities of data. In this study, we present a joint
morphological-lexical language model (JMLLM) that takes
advantage of Arabic morphology. JMLLM combines
morphological segments with the underlying lexical items and
additional available information sources with regards to
morphological segments and lexical items in a single joint model.
Joint representation and modeling of morphological and lexical
items reduces the OOV rate and provides smooth probability
estimates while keeping the predictive power of whole words.
Speech recognition and machine translation experiments in
dialectal-Arabic show improvements over word and morpheme
based trigram language models. We also show that as the
tightness of integration between different information sources
increases, both speech recognition and machine translation
performances improve
SIRS Epidemics on Complex Networks: Concurrence of Exact Markov Chain and Approximated Models
We study the SIRS (Susceptible-Infected-Recovered-Susceptible) spreading
processes over complex networks, by considering its exact -state Markov
chain model. The Markov chain model exhibits an interesting connection with its
-state nonlinear "mean-field" approximation and the latter's corresponding
linear approximation. We show that under the specific threshold where the
disease-free state is a globally stable fixed point of both the linear and
nonlinear models, the exact underlying Markov chain has an mixing
time, which means the epidemic dies out quickly. In fact, the epidemic
eradication condition coincides for all the three models. Furthermore, when the
threshold condition is violated, which indicates that the linear model is not
stable, we show that there exists a unique second fixed point for the nonlinear
model, which corresponds to the endemic state. We also investigate the effect
of adding immunization to the SIRS epidemics by introducing two different
models, depending on the efficacy of the vaccine. Our results indicate that
immunization improves the threshold of epidemic eradication. Furthermore, the
common threshold for fast-mixing of the Markov chain and global stability of
the disease-free fixed point improves by the same factor for the
vaccination-dominant model.Comment: A short version of this paper has been submitted to CDC 201
Identity, face and (im)politeness
Face and (im)politeness are widely discussed and debated in the pragmatics literature. This special issue, which has developed out of a symposium presented at the 7th International Pragmatics Conference at Riva del Garda, Italy in 2005, aims to enrich our understanding of these concepts by examining them from the perspective of identity. The first three papers consider the conceptual insights that different (sub-)disciplines can offer for our understanding of face, (im)politeness and the management of rapport. They draw on work in social psychology on identity, and take a cognitive pragmatic perspective to deconstruct relevant emic concepts/lexemes. The next four papers present discourse-based research on the topic. They examine different types of identities, including role identities (e.g. leaders and mentors), national identities (e.g. Turkish and British), ethnic identities (e.g. Pakeha and Maori), community identities (e.g. Cyber-parish member), as well as individual identities, and analyse how these identities impact upon the (mis)management of face and rapport
Control of Time-Varying Epidemic-Like Stochastic Processes and Their Mean-Field Limits
The optimal control of epidemic-like stochastic processes is important both
historically and for emerging applications today, where it can be especially
important to include time-varying parameters that impact viral epidemic-like
propagation. We connect the control of such stochastic processes with
time-varying behavior to the stochastic shortest path problem and obtain
solutions for various cost functions. Then, under a mean-field scaling, this
general class of stochastic processes is shown to converge to a corresponding
dynamical system. We analogously establish that the optimal control of this
class of processes converges to the optimal control of the limiting dynamical
system. Consequently, we study the optimal control of the dynamical system
where the comparison of both controlled systems renders various important
mathematical properties of interest.Comment: arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1709.0798
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