Stickstoffflüsse in verschiedenen Fruchtfolgen des ökologischen Landbaus – Ergebnisse aus dem CONBALE-Projekt Lindhof

Problemstellung/Ziele: Stickstoff (N) stellt bei ökologischer Bewirtschaftung von viehlosen Betrieben den ertragsbegrenzenden Faktor dar. Der N-Versorgungsgrad eines Betriebes wird im wesentlichen durch den Leguminosenanteil in der Fruchtfolge bestimmt. Hierbei beeinflusst vor allem die Nutzung der Leguminosen (als Gründüngung, Silagegewinnung, Körnerleguminose oder Zwischenfrucht) den N-Input. Die Optimierung der N2-Fixierungsleistung der Leguminosen und ein möglichst geschlossener N-Kreislauf im Betrieb bilden die Grundlage des N-Managements. N-Verluste in Form von Nitratauswaschung führen neben dem Verlust des wichtigsten Produktionsfaktors (Stickstoff)auch zu einer Belastung des Grundwassers bzw. anderer Ökosysteme. Ziel dieses Projektes ist daher die Quantifizierung der wesentlichen N-Flüsse eines ökologisch wirtschaftenden Betriebes wie N-Fixierung, N-Exporte, Wirtschaftsdüngereinsatz und N-Auswaschung sowohl auf Einzelschlag- wie auch auf Betriebsniveau, um daraus möglichst N-effiziente Fruchtfolgesysteme bzw. Bewirtschaftungsmaßnahmen abzuleiten

The Iowan Terrace and Terrace Soils of the Nishnabotna Valley in Western Iowa

Smith and Riecken (1947) in their revision of the Iowan-drift border in northwestern Iowan, extended a sublobe of the Iowandrift southward to near Roselle and Halbur in Carroll County. During field studies in Carroll County in 1953, the margin of the Iowan-drift sublobe was found to extend as far southward as Manning and Templeton in Carroll County (Figure 1). The Iowan drift is delineated from the loess-mantled Kansan drift on the basis of four lines of evidence: (1) in topographic positions that preclude significant erosion on the Iowan-drift surface, calcareous loess overlies calcareous till. (2) In topographic positions that preclude significant erosion on the Kansan-drift surface, calcareous loess overlies a leached, buried soil in the uppermost part of the Kansan till. (3) An abrupt change in topography occurs at the margin of the Iowan-drift. (4) A discontinuity in loess thickness occurs at the margin of the Iowan-drift

Iowan Drift Problem, Northeastern Iowa

https://ir.uiowa.edu/igs_ri/1006/thumbnail.jp

An algorithm to obtain global solutions of the double confluent Heun equation

A procedure is proposed to construct solutions of the double confluent Heun equation with a determinate behaviour at the singular points. The connection factors are expressed as quotients of Wronskians of the involved solutions. Asymptotic expansions are used in the computation of those Wronskians. The feasibility of the method is shown in an example, namely, the Schroedinger equation with a quasi-exactly-solvable potential

A cell-based assay system for activators of the environmental cell stress response

This work was funded by The Scottish Government Rural and Environment Science and Analytical Services Division (RESAS), Scotland, United Kingdom and the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC; East-Bio Doctoral Training Partnership), United Kingdom. The funders had no role in the design of the study, the analysis and interpretation of the data, or the publication process. The authors wish to thank Prof. John Hayes, University of Dundee, for the NQO1-luciferase construct and Prof. Gary Felsenfeld, NIH, Bethesda for the plasmid pJC13-1.Peer reviewedPostprin

Pain relief is associated with decreasing postural sway in patients with non-specific low back pain

Background Increased postural sway is well documented in patients suffering from non-specific low back pain, whereby a linear relationship between higher pain intensities and increasing postural sway has been described. No investigation has been conducted to evaluate whether this relationship is maintained if pain levels change in adults with non-specific low back pain. Methods Thirty-eight patients with non-specific low back pain and a matching number of healthy controls were enrolled. Postural sway was measured by three identical static bipedal standing tasks of 90 sec duration with eyes closed in narrow stance on a firm surface. The perceived pain intensity was assessed by a numeric rating scale (NRS-11). The patients received three manual interventions (e.g. manipulation, mobilization or soft tissue techniques) at 3-4 day intervals, postural sway measures were obtained at each occasion. Results A clinically relevant decrease of four NRS scores in associated with manual interventions correlated with a significant decrease in postural sway. In contrast, if no clinically relevant change in intensity occurred ([less than or equal to]1 level), postural sway remained similar compared to baseline. The postural sway measures obtained at follow-up sessions 2 and 3 associated with specific NRS level showed no significant differences compared to reference values for the same pain score. Conclusions Alterations in self-reported pain intensities are closely related to changes in postural sway. The previously reported linear relationship between the two variables is maintained as pain levels change. Pain interference appears responsible for the altered sway in pain sufferers. This underlines the clinical use of sway measures as an objective monitoring tool during treatment or rehabilitation

Hyperuniversality of Fully Anisotropic Three-Dimensional Ising Model

For the fully anisotropic simple-cubic Ising lattice, the critical finite-size scaling amplitudes of both the spin-spin and energy-energy inverse correlation lengths and the singular part of the reduced free-energy density are calculated by the transfer-matrix method and a finite-size scaling for cyclic L x L x oo clusters with L=3 and 4. Analysis of the data obtained shows that the ratios and the directional geometric means of above amplitudes are universal.Comment: RevTeX 3.0, 24 pages, 2 figures upon request, accepted for publication in Phys. Rev.

Search based software engineering: Trends, techniques and applications

© ACM, 2012. This is the author's version of the work. It is posted here by permission of ACM for your personal use. Not for redistribution. The definitive version is available from the link below.In the past five years there has been a dramatic increase in work on Search-Based Software Engineering (SBSE), an approach to Software Engineering (SE) in which Search-Based Optimization (SBO) algorithms are used to address problems in SE. SBSE has been applied to problems throughout the SE lifecycle, from requirements and project planning to maintenance and reengineering. The approach is attractive because it offers a suite of adaptive automated and semiautomated solutions in situations typified by large complex problem spaces with multiple competing and conflicting objectives. This article provides a review and classification of literature on SBSE. The work identifies research trends and relationships between the techniques applied and the applications to which they have been applied and highlights gaps in the literature and avenues for further research.EPSRC and E