Fading Evaluation in the mm-Wave Band

[EN] A thorough millimeter-wave measurement campaign is carried out in an indoor environment with an aim at characterizing the short-term fading channel behavior. The measurements are conducted in a variety of scenarios, with frequencies ranging from 55 GHz to 65 GHz, in line-of-sight and non-line-of-sight conditions, and combinations of horizontal and vertical polarizations at both transmitter and receiver. A number of fading models are tested, namely Rayleigh, Rice, Nakagami-m, alpha-mu, kappa-mu, eta-mu, and alpha-eta-kappa-mu. The statistics under analysis are those characterizing the fading amplitude and the frequency selectivity. In particular, the probability density and cumulative distribution functions for the former and level crossing rate per bandwidth unit for the latter are the respective first-and second-order statistics used. To this end, from the experimental data, the parameters of the models are estimated and the corresponding theoretical curves are plotted and compared with the empirical ones. Whereas the required theoretical formulations of the first-order statistics of these models are already well known, those of the second-order statistics as well as these fitting process in such a band shown here are unprecedented in the literature.This work was supported in part by CNPq under Grant 304248/2014-2 and Grant 308365/2017-8 and in part by RNP, with resources from MCTIC, Grant No. No 01250.075413/2018-04, under the Radiocommunication Reference Center (Centro de Referencia em Radiocomunicacoes -CRR) project of the National Institute of Telecommunications (Instituto Nacional de Telecomunicacoes -Inatel), Brazil, and by the Ministerio de Economia, Industria y Competitividad of the Spanish Government under the national project TEC2017-86779-C2-2-R, through the Agencia Estatal de Investigacion (AEI) and the Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER). The associate editor coordinating the review of this article and approving it for publication was T. Kim.Rufino Marins, TR.; Dos Anjos, AA.; Rodrigo Peñarrocha, VM.; Rubio Arjona, L.; Reig, J.; Amaral De Souza, RA.; Yacoub, MD. (2019). Fading Evaluation in the mm-Wave Band. IEEE Transactions on Communications. 67(12):8725-8738. https://doi.org/10.1109/TCOMM.2019.2941493S87258738671

Fading Evaluation in Standardized 5G Millimeter-Wave Band

[EN] Recent standardization of portions of the millimeter-wave (mm-wave) band for fifth-generation (5G) operation has called for further research on how short-term fading behaves in that unexplored part of the spectrum. With such a target, this paper reports on a thorough measurement campaign conducted in an indoor environment characterized by rich-multipath scattering, a part of a modern building, with floor and ceiling constructed of reinforced concrete over steel plates with wood and plasterboard-paneled walls. Particularly, measurements have been performed in a variety of scenarios, under line-of-sight (LoS) and non-line-ofsight (nLoS) conditions, for a wide range of frequencies, namely from 25 to 40 GHz - a span of 15 GHz - therefore, including 26, 28 and 39 GHz. First and second order statistics of representative fading models, namely Rayleigh, Rice, Nakagami, folded normal, alpha-mu, eta-mu, kappa-mu and alpha-eta-kappa-mu have been investigated. The metrics used in the analysis were the normalized mean square error (NMSE), the Kolmogorov-Smirnov (KS), and the Akaike information criterion (AIC). Additionally, the study of the kappa-mu. model is advanced, in which new, exact, simple closed-form expressions for probability density function, cumulative distribution function, and level crossing rate are derived for some particular cases, namely for mu = n + 1/2 in which n is an element of N.This work was supported in part by the Rede Nacional de Ensino e Pesquisa (RNP) with resources from Ministerio da Ciencia, Tecnologia e Inovacoes (MCTIC) through the 6G Mobile Communications Systems Project of the Centro de Referencia em Radio-comunicacoes (CRR), Instituto Nacional de Telecomunicacoes (Inatel), Brazil, under Grant 01245.010604/2020-14, in part by the Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais (FAPEMIG), in part by the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPq) under Grant 304248/2014-2, and in part by the Ministerio de Economia, Industria y Competitividad of the Spanish Government under the National Project through the Agencia Estatal de Investigacion (AEI) and the Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER) under Grant TEC2017-86779-C2-2-R.Rufino-Marins, TR.; Dos Anjos, AA.; Nogueira Da Silva, CR.; Rodrigo Peñarrocha, VM.; Rubio Arjona, L.; Reig, J.; Amaral De Souza, RA.... (2021). Fading Evaluation in Standardized 5G Millimeter-Wave Band. IEEE Access. 9:67268-67280. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2021.3076631S6726867280