Recommendations for addressing quality issues of government rice reserve: Indonesia case study

The management of government rice reserves (GRR) is crucial for maintaining national food security. However, prolonged storage can lead to a decrease in rice quality. This study aimed to assess the characteristics of rice stored in the GRR warehouse and provide recommendations to address the issue of deteriorating rice quality. This study collected and analysed GRR samples, secondary data, and information from relevant policymakers and stakeholders. The results showed that the quality of GRR, when stored for extended periods of up to 27 months, had notably degraded and was not suitable for human consumption. The main recommendations withdrawn from this study were (1) it is necessary to reconsider the criteria that determine the deterioration of the GRR’s quality as outlined in Minister of Agriculture Decree No. 45 of 2019, mainly moisture content and degree of milling; (2) GRR can be declared as low quality if it meets at least two parameters stated in the Ministerial Regulation, and it is not necessary to meet all four quality reduction parameters; and (3) the release of GRR can be initiated as soon as it has been stored for four months. This is aimed at preserving the quality of the GRR and minimising losses

Perancangan dan Konstruksi Mesin Sortasi dan Pemutuan Buah Jeruk dengan Sensor Kamera CCD

Citrus is one of important fruits in Indonesia and its production increases every year. However, postharvest equipment for citrus is very limited, leading to low postharvest technology utilization. The objective of this research was to develop a real-time quality evaluation system using a color CCO camera, to be used as an image sensor and processing unit for quality evaluation of the citrus from acquired image. The system consists of a color CGO camera, a computer with an image frame grabber, an image acquisition chamber, a logic control panel, and a software to run all the installed hardware Some important parameters of visual quality of citrus were studied. Five groups of different quality of citrus, obtained from a big trader in Pasar Induk Kramatjati, were used for samples. The images were captured and then analyzed with image processing program using area projectio and RGB and HSI color model algorithms, for the fruit size and color respectively. The results were analyzed to determine whether there were parameters that correlates with weight, sweetness and firmness, to be used for quality evaluation. Visual parameters that figures the real quality of citrus best were then selected to be used for quality parameters to develop a real-time quality evaluation system for citrus in the next step.Keywords: image processing, sortasi, pemutuan, otomatis Diterima: 15 Oktober 2007; Disetujui: 18 Pebruari 200

Perancangan dan Konstruksi Mesin Sortasi dan Pemutuan Buah Jeruk dengan Sensor Kamera CCD

Citrus is one of important fruits in Indonesia and its production increases every year. However, postharvest equipment for citrus is very limited, leading to low postharvest technology utilization. The objective of this research was to develop a real-time quality evaluation system using a color CCO camera, to be used as an image sensor and processing unit for quality evaluation of the citrus from acquired image. The system consists of a color CGO camera, a computer with an image frame grabber, an image acquisition chamber, a logic control panel, and a software to run all the installed hardware Some important parameters of visual quality of citrus were studied. Five groups of different quality of citrus, obtained from a big trader in Pasar Induk Kramatjati, were used for samples. The images were captured and then analyzed with image processing program using area projectio and RGB and HSI color model algorithms, for the fruit size and color respectively. The results were analyzed to determine whether there were parameters that correlates with weight, sweetness and firmness, to be used for quality evaluation. Visual parameters that figures the real quality of citrus best were then selected to be used for quality parameters to develop a real-time quality evaluation system for citrus in the next step

The Flow Rate of the Condenser Cooling Water in the Distillation Process Increases the Quality and Quantity of Patchouli Oil

Indonesia is an important essential oil-exporting country globally, where 40 types of essential oils have been traded on the international market and are products of Indonesia. However, the quality and quantity of patchouli oil produced in Indonesia are still low. Most essential oil processing units use simple or traditional technology and generally have limited production capacity. This study aimed to obtain the optimum water flow rate in a condenser system for patchouli oil production in Maluku, Indonesia. Patchouli oil extraction from fresh patchouli leaves and twigs was carried out by increasing the condenser water discharge rate. Patchouli oil extraction with a condenser cooling water discharge treatment of 1.74 L/min and drying time for 5 days produced the highest patchouli oil yield of 1.4%. The greater the condenser water discharge rate, the better the yield and accumulation of patchouli oil recovery obtained. In addition, based on the results of the analysis of the composition of patchouli oil compounds with GCMS, it can be seen that 13 compounds can be detected in patchouli oil. The three main components of patchouli oil in all condenser cooling water treatments were alpha-guaiene, delta-guaiene, and patchouli alcohol. Considering the results of all parameters mentioned above, the treatment of the condenser cooling water discharge of 1.74 L/min and drying time for 5 days increases the quality and quantity of patchouli oil