Analyzing the Social License to Operate in International Investment Law

A small segment of Investor-State Arbitration flows from the consequences of resistance by the local population (particularly, indigenous people) against the particular investment, and the concerned State cancelling permits granted earlier, precluding all future activities of the investor. This paper seeks to argue that when faced with an investment treaty dispute of this nature, arbitrators should (and indeed may be required to) reflect on the Social License to Operate (SLO) as a part of the applicable law. It aims at creating a framework within which the Social License to Operate should be conceptualized by investment tribunals in the future. The article first examines the nature of the social license to operate and then goes on to highlight its existence in relevant bodies of international law. Thereafter, the article seeks to analyze its use in past investment tribunals, such as the award laid down in Bear Creek Mining v. Peru, and uses this analysis as a springboard to construct a way forward for future applications of the concept

Helix packing motif common to the crystal structures of two undecapeptides containing dehydrophenylalanine residues: implications for the de novo design of helical bundle super secondary structural modules

De novo designed peptide based super secondary structures are expected to provide scaffolds for the incorporation of functional sites as in proteins. Self-association of peptide helices of similar screw sense, mediated by weak interactions, has been probed by the crystal structure determination of two closely related peptides: Ac-Gly1-Ala2-ΔPhe3-Leu4-Val5-ΔPhe6-Leu7-Val8-ΔPhe9-Ala10-Gly11-NH2 (I) and Ac-Gly1-Ala2-ΔPhe3-Leu4-Ala5-ΔPhe6-Leu7-Ala8-ΔPhe9-Ala10-Gly11-NH2 (II). The crystal structures determined to atomic resolution and refined to R factors 8.12 and 4.01%, respectively, reveal right-handed 310-helical conformations for both peptides. CD has also revealed the preferential formation of right-handed 310-helical conformations for both molecules. Our aim was to critically analyze the packing of the helices in the solid state with a view to elicit clues for the design of super secondary structural motifs such as two, three, and four helical bundles based on helix-helix interactions. An important finding is that a packing motif could be identified common to both the structures, in which a given peptide helix is surrounded by six other helices reminiscent of transmembrane seven helical bundles. The outer helices are oriented either parallel or antiparallel to the central helix. The helices interact laterally through a combination of N-H ... O, C-H ... O, and C-H ... π hydrogen bonds. Layers of interacting leucine residues are seen in both peptide crystal structures. The packing of the peptide helices in the solid state appears to provide valuable leads for the design of super secondary structural modules such as two, three, or four helix bundles by connecting adjacent antiparallel helices through suitable linkers such as tetraglycine segment

Associations between Depression and Blood Pressure among United States Adults: A Bayesian vs. Frequentist Approach

High blood pressure can lead to life threatening incidents such as a heart attack or stroke. The direct costs of high blood pressure are expected to rise to 154 billion dollars annually by 2035. Depression is one of the most prevalent mental illnesses in the United States with an estimated 35% of those who experienced major depressive episodes not receiving treatment. The research question this study aims to answer is if there is an association between depression and blood pressure. This study also aims to see if results are comparable between models using frequentist statistics and Bayesian models using weakly informative priors and informative priors. To assess the association, linear regressions of crude and adjusted associations between depression and systolic/diastolic blood pressure were run. The same models were run using Bayesian weakly informative priors and informative priors. Only the model implementing Bayesian informative priors found an association between depression and systolic blood pressure with a mean of 0.119 (95% Confidence Interval: 0.024, 0.216). However, the association was unadjusted. The association between depression and systolic blood pressure is statistically significant, but it lacks clinical significance

Mathematical Modelling Solutions for Stock and Cost Dependent Inventory in a Limited Display Space Warehouse

Study in this paper is concerned with optimization of both quantity of order and selling price together, considering EOQ model for items with depreciating nature. It is based on the few assumptions like rate of demand is dependent on level of stock displayed on shelf as well as per unit selling rate, also, the space for stock display is finite. Two mathematical models are studied to investigate the further revised EOQ modelling for obtaining maximum profits and also develop models for such optimized solutions. Justification and analysis of the work developed and studied is done through sensitivity analysis and numerical examples

Role of the thiocyanate ion in the corrosion inhibition of zinc in perchloric acid by n-decylamine

The effect of KSCN on the corrosion of electropolished zinc in 0.1 M HClO4 and 0.1 M HClO4 solution containing different concentrations of n-decylamine (nDA) has been investigated using weight loss and polarization methods. The inhibitor efficiency of nDA increased markedly in the presence of KSCN. pH and temperature affected the corrosion inhibition of zinc by nDA in acidic KSCN solution. The weight loss and polarization measurements gave consistent results. nDA in acidic KSCN solution acted mainly as a cathodic inhibitor, but with a smaller degree of anodic control. The increase in the inhibitor efficiency of nDA in the presence of KSCN is discussed from the viewpoint of the co-adsorption of nDA in cationic form and thiocyanate ions. © 1979

Lady Windermere Syndrome; Rare Pulmonary Infection Secondary To Voluntary Suppression Of Cough.

65-year-old lady suffering from cough for the last one month with white colored scanty sputum. Past three weeks she has developed wheeze with shortness of breath. She also complains of on and off mid fever for last two weeks with evening raise of temperature. No evidence of chest pain or hemoptysis. No past history of pulmonary tuberculosis or allergic airway disease. Non diabetic and non-hypertensive. General physical examination was normal. On auscultation there was reduced air entry with crackles in the right mid and lower zones. Rest of the systems was normal