Thermal Conductivity in the Boundary Layer of Non-Newtonian Fluid with Particle Suspension

The present chapter is focused on studies concerned with three-dimensional flow and heat transfer analysis of Carreau fluid with nanoparticle suspension. The heat transfer analysis in the boundary was carried out with the fluid flow over a stretching surface under the influence of nonlinear thermal radiation, mixed convection and convective boundary condition. Suitable similarity transformations are employed to reduce the governing partial differential equations into coupled nonlinear ordinary differential equations. The equations in non-linear form are then solved numerically using Runge-Kutta-Fehlberg fourth fifth-order method with the help of symbolic algebraic software MAPLE. The results so extracted are well tabulated and adequate discussions on the parameters affecting flow and heat transfer analysis were carried out with the help of plotted graphs

Validation of SSR Markers Linked to the Bean Common Mosaic Virus (BCMV) Resistance in Cowpea (\u3cem\u3eVigna unguiculata\u3c/em\u3e L.) Genotypes

Cowpea, Vigna unguiculata (L.) is one of the important grain and fodder legume crops in the world, especially in tropics and subtropics. Which can adapted different climatic conditions such as high temperature and drought. It is not only important as a grain and fodder but also improve fertility of poor soils by fixing atmospheric nitrogen. An estimated cultivated area of cowpea is 12.5mha in worldwide (FAOSTAT, 2013). The grain and fodder productivity of cowpea are greatly affected by a number of biotic factors such as plant pathogens and insect pests. Among plant pathogens, viruses are considered to be a major constraint (Gioi et al., 2010). More than 40 viruses are reported from cowpea growing areas of the world. Among viruses, Bean common mosaic virus (BCMV) is very serious problem on cowpea in southern part of India especially cowpea growing areas of Karnataka. The BCMV is a member of potyvirus group and it can infect other legume crop family. Virus is seed borne and easily spread by aphids. Its chemical and cultural control neither economical nor ecofriendly. The host plant resistance has been proved the best strategy for its management. Hence it is necessary to identify stable resistance sources for BCMV disease in cowpea. Therefore large scale screening is needed to identify the durable resistance among diverse genotypes of cowpea. The basic requirements for any crop improvement programme are genetic variation for the trait of interest

Synthesis and study of Structural, Microstructural and Dielectric Properties of Ce3+ doped Co-Ni Ferrites for automotive applications

Nano crystalline spinel ferrites of Co0.5Ni0.5CexFe2−xO4 (x=0.01, 0.015, 0.02, 0.025 and 0.03) was prepared by modified solution combustion method using a mixture of fuels for the first time. The influence of rare earth Ce3+ substitution at the Fe3+ site on the structural, microstructural and dielectric properties of Co0.5Ni0.5CexFe2-xO4 was investigated. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies confirmed the formation of monophasic nano crystalline samples without any secondary phases. The crystallite size decreases and density increases with the increases of Ce3+ contents. Surface morphology was studied through Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Dielectric properties of these ferrites have been studied at room temperature using impedance analyzer in the frequency range up to 20 MHz. The effect of frequency and composition on dielectric constant (ε’), dielectric loss (tanδ) and ac conductivity (σac) have been discussed in terms of hopping of charge carriers (Fe2+↔Fe3+). The decrease in dielectric loss with frequency follows Debye's relaxation phenomena. Both the variation in tan loss and dielectric loss with frequency shows a similar. AC conductivity increases with the increases of frequency which directly proportional to concentration of Ce3+ ions follows Jonscher law. These Cerium doped Cobalt-nickel ferrites are very helpful for automotive applications

Bremsstrahlung yields of 147pm and 170tm in thick targets

Bremsstrahlung yields in different materials produced by the beta particles of 147Pm and 170Tm have been measured. They are found to have a non-linear dependence on the atomic number of the material. The yield constants are also determined

PERFORMANCE OF THE LAMBS BORN TO CROSSBREEDING LOCAL SHEEP WITH RAMBOUILLET RAMS

ABSTRACT Sixty lambs born to crossbreeding Rambouillet rams with local ewes were grouped under experimental (E) group and sixty lambs born to local sheep under control (C) group. Body weights of the T group lambs were significantly higher (P≤0.05) than C group lambs. Wool yield was improvised from 1.5 kg/year and rough grade in C group to 2.2 kg and average grade wool in T group. Crossbred lambs had low age at maturity and age at breeding. As it improved the economy of the farmers, it was concluded that crossbreeding is an essential tool for improvement of productivity of local sheep

Magnetic properties of nanocrystalline Mn1-xZnxFe2O4

Nanocrystalline Mn1-xZnxFe2O4 (x = 0, 0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 0.7, 0.9, 1.0) were prepared via solution combustion method. Structural and morphology of Mn-Zn ferrites were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). Magnetic properties were carried out using vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) at room temperature (RT) up to maximum field of 1.5 T. The room temperature real and imaginary part of permeability(mu' and mu'') has been measured in the frequency range of 1MHz to 1GHz. The room temperature XRD patterns exhibits the spinel cubic (Fm-3m) structure and broad XRD patterns shows the presence of nanoparticles. The imaginary part of the permeability (mu'') gradually increased with the frequency and took a broad maximum at a certain frequency, where the real permeability (mu') rapidly decreases, which is known as natural resonance. The coercive filed values are low, hence probability of domain rotation is also lower and the magnetization decreased with zinc substitution. The values of mu' and mu'' increases sharply, attained a maximum and then decreases with zinc content

Structural and Dielectric Behavior of Cr3+ and Gd3+ Substituted Ni-Zn Nano Ferrites

A series of Gd3+ doped nano crystalline Ni 0.6 Zn 0.4Cr0.5GdxFe1.5-xO4 (where x=0. 00, 0.02, 0.04, 0.06) were prepared by solution combustion method using oxalyl dehydrazide (ODH) as a fuel. The Structural and dielectric behavior of as synthesized material was characterized through X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). XRD pattern reveals that the formation of single phase with cubic spinel structure. The average crystallite size and lattice parameter were found to increase with increasing Gd3+ concentration. The FTIR spectra shows two strong absorption bands at 387 cm−1 and 564 cm−1 both represents tetrahedral and octahedral stretching bonds respectively. The dielectric properties were carried out as a function of frequency and composition with the frequency range 40Hz to 10MHz. All the samples show the collective contribution of n-type and p-type carriers. The permittivity were found to decrease with increasing of Gd3+ concentration this is due to hopping off electrons and charge transport which is typical characteristic of polar dielectrics. Complex impedance was studied to know the contribution of grains and grain boundary resistance has explained according to the Maxwell Wagener type two layer model

Effect of Li(+)-ion on enhancement of photoluminescence in Gd(2)O(3):Eu(3+) nanophosphors prepared by combustion technique

Gd(2)O(3):Eu(3+) (4 mol%) nanophosphor co-doped with Li(+) ions have been synthesized by low-temperature solution combustion technique in a short time. Powder X-ray diffractometer (PXRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), UV-VIS and photoluminescence (PL) techniques have been employed to characterize the synthesized nanoparticles. It is found that the lattice of Gd(2)O(3):Eu(3+) phosphor transforms from monoclinic to cubic as the Li(+)-ions are doped. Upon 254 nm excitation, the phosphor showed characteristic luminescence (5)D(0) -> (7)F(J) (J= 0-4) of the Eu(3+) ions. The electronic transition located at 626 nm ((5)D(0) -> (7)F(2)) of Eu(3+) ions was stronger than the magnetic dipole transition located at 595 nm ((5)D(0) -> (7)F(1)). Furthermore, the effects of the Li(+) co-doping as well as calcinations temperature on the PL properties have been studied. The results show that incorporation of Li(+) ions in Gd(2)O(3):Eu(3+) lattice could induce a remarkable improvement of their PL intensity. The emission intensity was observed to be enhanced four times than that of with out Li(+)-doped Gd(2)O(3):Eu(3+)

Effect of Li+ -dopant on Photoluminescence of Gd2O3:Eu3+ Nanophosphor

Li+ ‐doped Gd2O3:Eu3+ phosphors have been studied as potential red phosphors for application to field emission displays. The Li+ ‐doped and undoped Gd2O3:Eu3+ phosphors were synthesized by low temperature solution combustion method. The enhanced luminescence was regarded as the result of the creation of oxygen vacancies due to the Gd3+ sites occupied by Li+ ions, the alteration of the crystal field surrounding the activator Eu3+ ions owing to the incorporation of Li+ into interstial sites. The result in a remarkable increase on photoluminescence and the strong emission was observed at 612 nm by a factor of 4.1 in comparison with that of undoped sample