Systemic Inflammation and Lung Function Impairment in Morbidly Obese Subjects with the Metabolic Syndrome

__Abstract__ __Background__: Obesity and asthma are associated. There is a relationship between lung function impairment and the metabolic syndrome. Whether this relationship also exists in the morbidly obese patients is still unknown. Hypothesis. Low-grade systemic inflammation associated with the metabolic syndrome causes inflammation in the lungs and, hence, lung function impairment. __Methods__: This is cross-sectional study of morbidly obese patients undergoing preoperative screening for bariatric surgery.Metabolic syndrome was assessed according to the revised NCEP-ATP III criteria. Results. A total of 452 patients were included. Patients with the metabolic syndrome ( = 293) had significantly higher blood monocyte (mean 5.3 versus 4.9, = 0.044) and eosinophil percentages (median 1.0 versus 0.8, = 0.002), while the total leukocyte count did not differ between the groups.The FEV1/FVC ratio was significantly lower in patients with the metabolic syndrome (76.7% versus 78.2%, = 0.032). Blood eosinophils were associated with FEV1/FVC ratio (adj. B −0.113, = 0.018). Conclusion. Although the difference in FEV1/FVC ratio between the groups is relatively small, in this cross-sectional study, and its clinical relevancemay be limited, these data indicate that the presence of the metabolic syndrome may influence lung function impairment, through the induction of relative eosinophilia

Concerns About Exercise Are Related to Walk Test Results in Pulmonary Rehabilitation for Patients with COPD

# The Author(s). This article is published with open access at Springerlink.com 2010 Background Although international guidelines on pulmonary rehabilitation acknowledge that psychological factors contribute to exercise intolerance in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), the few empirical studies investigating this association have found inconsistent results. Purpose The purpose of this study is to investigate whether negative affect and beliefs about exercise of patients with COPD would be related to baseline 6-min walk (6-MW) test results in a pulmonary rehabilitation setting, after correction for physical variables (sex, age, height, weight, and lung function). A second aim was to examine whethe

Talcosis due to abundant use of cosmetic talcum powder.

Contains fulltext : 89063.pdf (publisher's version ) (Open Access

Proteinase/proteinase inhibitor imbalance in sputum sol phases from patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Suggestions for a key role played by antileukoprotease.

In order to characterize the imbalance between proteinases and proteinase inhibitors in sputum sol phases, we studied 25 patients (mean age, 59 +/- 11 yr) with exacerbated chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). An aliquot of sputum was used for bacteriologic determinations, and the remainder was centrifuged in order to obtain gel and sol phases. On the basis of the bacteriologic data, patients were divided into colonized patients (14) and noncolonized patients (11). All of the major inhibitors were immunologically detectable in sol phases without a significant difference between colonized and noncolonized patients (alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor [alpha 1-PI], 2.56 microM +/- 0.53 microM and 2.39 microM +/- 0.72 microM; alpha 2-macroglobulin [alpha 2-MG], 0.21 microM +/- 0.07 microM and 0.16 microM +/- 0.05 microM; antileukoprotease (ALP), 1.78 microM +/- 0.57 microM and 1.53 microM +/- 0.6 microM, respectively [mean +/- SE]). With regard to proteinase activities, both free elastase-like and free chymotrypsin-like activities were detectable in the majority of patients (15/25) (0.59 microM +/- 0.15 microM and 0.74 microM +/- 0.15 microM for elastase-like activity [ELA], and 0.010 microM +/- 0.003 microM and 0.017 microM +/- 0.007 microM for chymotrypsin-like activity [CLA], respectively [mean +/- SE]). The inhibitory profile of proteinase activities, performed by means of a panel of inhibitors, allowed us to assign specific activities mainly to neutrophil elastase and cathepsin G (Cat G). Next we looked at the relationships between inhibitors and proteinase activities. We found a significant negative correlation between neutrophil elastase activity and ALP (r = -0.58; p 0.50 microM) and samples (10) with no detectable ELA (< 0.18 microM). Levels of alpha 1-PI and alpha 2-MG did not differ significantly between the two groups, whereas ALP values were higher in the group with no detectable ELA (3.12 microM +/- 0.69 microM) than in the other group (0.58 microM +/- 0.21 microM; p < 0.001). We conclude that most sputum sol phases from patients with exacerbated COPD have a high burden of free neutrophil elastase and Cat G. Antileukoprotease seems to be the major naturally occurring inhibitor effective in the modulation of proteinase activities in bronchial secretions under these conditions

Iurisprudentia Ecclesiastica Seu Consistorialis Rerum & Quaestionum In Serenissimi Ac Potentissimi Principis Electoris Saxon. Senatu Ecclesiastico & Consistorio Supremo Probe ventilatarum ... Definitiones Succinctas, Iure Divino, Canonico, Civili, Constitutionibus & Ordinationibus ecclesiasticis probatas, Rescriptis, Decretis & Responsis Electoralibus corroboratas exhibens

IURISPRUDENTIA ECCLESIASTICA SEU CONSISTORIALIS RERUM & QUAESTIONUM IN SERENISSIMI AC POTENTISSIMI PRINCIPIS ELECTORIS SAXON. SENATU ECCLESIASTICO & CONSISTORIO SUPREMO PROBE VENTILATARUM ... DEFINITIONES SUCCINCTAS, IURE DIVINO, CANONICO, CIVILI, CONSTITUTIONIBUS & ORDINATIONIBUS ECCLESIASTICIS PROBATAS, RESCRIPTIS, DECRETIS & RESPONSIS ELECTORALIBUS CORROBORATAS EXHIBENS Iurisprudentia Ecclesiastica Seu Consistorialis Rerum & Quaestionum In Serenissimi Ac Potentissimi Principis Electoris Saxon. Senatu Ecclesiastico & Consistorio Supremo Probe ventilatarum ... Definitiones Succinctas, Iure Divino, Canonico, Civili, Constitutionibus & Ordinationibus ecclesiasticis probatas, Rescriptis, Decretis & Responsis Electoralibus corroboratas exhibens ([3]r) Einband ( - ) Titelseite ([1]r) Kupfertitel ([2]r) Titelseite ([3]r) Epistola Dedicatoria ([4]r) Prafatio ad Lectorem ([6]r) In nomine [...] consiliarius Electoralis Saxon. & Facultatis Juridicæ in Academia Lipsiensi Ordinarius. Lectori Salutem ([9]r) Index Generalis Definitionum Ecclesiasticarum seu Consistorialium, quæ in tribus hisce libris continentur.( ([11]r) Liber I. De Jure Personarum Ecclesiasticarum, sive Clericorum, eorumque Vocatione, Officiis, Reditibus & Salariis. ([1]) Tit. I. De Iuribus Episcopalibus, quae in Consistoriis Principum ac Statuum Imperii Evangelicorum tractantur. ([1]) Tit. II. De Iure Patronatûs. (18) Tit. III. De Nominatione & Vocatione Ministrorum Ecclesiae. (29) Tit. IV. De Praesentatione, Ordinatione & Investiturâ novi pastoris. (55) Tit. V. De Qualitatibus & Officio ministrorum Ecclesiae. (72) Tit. VI. De Ludimoderatoribus, Custodibus, aliisque Clericis: eorumque vocatione & officio. (88) Tit. VII. De Stipendiis sive Salariis ac Reditibus Pastorum & Ministrorum Ecclesiae, eorumque immunitatibus. (111) Tit. IIX. De Decimis. (139) Tit. IX. De Potu ministrorum Ecclesiae à collectis libero. (153) Tit. X. De Statu Ecclesiae, si pastor ob senium & adversam valetudinem ei praeesse nequeat, vel è vitâ discedat. (165) Tit. XI. De Successione viduae ac heredum defuncti Pastoris in residuo Salarii. (183) Tit. XII. De Dimidio Gratiae anno, sive Salario semestri. (196) Lib. II. De Rebus ac Bonis Ecclesiasticis, causisque spiritualibus & mixtis. ( - ) Tit. I. De Matrimonio & Nuptiis in genere. ( - ) Tit. II. De Sponalibus. (28) Tit. III. De Sponsalibus Clandestinis. (49) Tit. IV. De Binis Sponsalibus. (99) Tit. V. De Propinquitate consanguinitatis matrimonio adversâ. (114) Tit. VI. De Propinquitate Affinitatis matrimonio adversâ. (137) Tit. VII. De Dispensatione matrimonii in gradibus prohibitis. (168) Tit. VIII. De Matrimonii Consummatione per nuptias, earumque Ritibus solennibus. (198) Tit. IX. De Secundis Nuptiis. (234) Tit. X. De Sponsaliorum dissolutione, sive Repudio. (257) Tit. XI. De Divortio. (281) Tit. XII. De Separatione coniugum quoad torum & mensam ex causâ discordiae atq[ue] saevitiae. (309) Tit. XIII. De Partu legitimo: & quisnam talis habeatur? (331) Tit. XIV. De Stupro, Fornicatione & Alimentatione Spuriorum. (338) Tit. XV. De Ritibus & Ceremoniis Ecclesiasticis. (367) Tit. XVI. De Sanctificatione Sabbati, & Concionibus publicis. (376) Tit. XVII. De Ritibus ecclesiasticis circa Poenitentiam & Baptismum. (392) Tit. XIIX. De Administratione & Usu Coenae Dominicae. (413) Tit. XIX. De Bonis ecclesiasticis: eorumq[ue] administratione. (456) Tit. XX. De Reditibus & Aerario ecclesiae. (483) Tit. XXI. De Mendicis & Sustentatione miserabilium personarum. (500) Tit. XXII. De Aedificatione & Reparatione Ecclesiarum, domuumque parochialium: nec non operis ad agriculturam in parochiâ praestandis. (515) Tit. XXIII. De Subselliis templorum, eorumque iure. (552) Tit. XXIV. De Iure Sepulturae. (572) Tit. XXV. De Rebus Iuribus Academicis. (609) Liber III. De Judicio & Processu Ecclesiastico poenisque in hoc foro dictandis. (653) Tit. I. De Foro exxles. ejusque competentiâ (653) Tit. II. De Processu fori ecclesiastici in genere (686) Tit. III. De Processu in causis matrimonii & stupri (703) Tit. IV. De Juramentis, praefertim in causis matrimonialibus praestandis (732) Tit. V. De Processu Desertionis. (754) Tit. VI. De Poenâ Stupri. (783) Tit. VII. De Poenitentiâ ecclesiasticâ, seu publicâ deprecatione, Kirchenbusse. (802) Tit. IIX. Turbatores Sacrorum quomodo puniendi? (826) Tit. IX. Quomodo procedendum adversus ministros Ecclesiae rixosos & convitiatores? (832) Tit. X. De Depositione seu Remotione Ministrorum Ecclesiae ab officio, eorumq[ue] poenis. (852) Usus Practicus Arboris Consanguinitatis Et Affinitatis In Foro Saxonico : Tribus Disputationibus Mens. Iul. & August. Anno MDCXLIIX. in Academia Lipsiensi Publico examini & disquisitioni subiectus a Benedicto Carpzov, IC. & Consiliario Electorali Saxonico ([1]) Titelseite ([1]) Illustrationen ([2]) Disputatio I. exhibens Usum Practicum Arboris Consanguinitatis Et Affinitatis in foro Saxonico circa materiam nuptiarum. Respondente M. Amadeo Eckolt Welsiô Austriacô. ([4]) Caput I. De arbore consanguinitatis & graduum computatione. ([4]) Caput II. Quodnam ius arboris in affinitate? (14) Caput III. Usus arboris in matrimonio consanguineorum quisnam? (19) Caput IV. Quis arboris usus in contrahendo affinium matrimonio? (29) Caput V. Quibus in gradibus prohibitis ex speciali dispensatione nuptias contrahere liceat? (40) Disputatio II. exhibens Usum Practicum Arboris Consanguinitatis in foro Saxonico circa materiam Successionis & Tutelae. Respondente Alberto à Schulenburg Eq. Misn. (49) Caput VI. Circa Succeßionem ab intestato quis Arboris Consanguinitatis usus? (-) Caput VII. Quis Arboris Consanguinitatis usus in materiâ Tutelae? (66) Disputatio III. exhibens Usum Practicum Arboris Consanguinitatis Et Affinitatis in foro Saxonico circa processum iudiciarum & irrogationem poenarum. Respondente Rudolpho Holst Chilonio Holsato. (76) Caput VIII. Quis arboris usus in processu iudiciario? (76) Caput IX. Quae arboris consideratio in delictis & irrogatione poenarum? (84) Index rerum ac verborum in Tractatum Dn. Carpzovii de Arbore ... ([1]r) Index Copiosissimus Omnium Rerum, Verborum Ac Notabilium ... ([1]r

Bronchial and Systemic Inflammation in Morbidly Obese Subjects with Asthma: A Biopsy Study

Pathogenesis and treatment of chronic pulmonary disease

Detection of extracellular neutrophil elastase in hamster lungs after intratracheal instillation of E. coli lipopolysaccharide using a fluorogenic, elastase-specific, synthetic substrate.

Repeated intratracheal instillations of E. coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in hamster lungs cause an influx of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) into the alveolar walls, with concomitant development of severe emphysema. It has been suggested that elastase, released by these PMNs, is involved in the development of emphysema. This study demonstrates the release of elastase from recruited PMNs in cryostat sections of hamster lungs, after being treated once, twice, or thrice with LPS, intratracheally. Elastase activity was visualized using two elastase-specific synthetic substrates, to which a methoxynaphthylamine (MNA) group had been bound covalently. Liberated MNA, when made insoluble by coupling with 5-nitrosalicylaldehyde, fluoresces strongly. The authors observed that the interval between start of incubation and appearance of fluorescence and the intensity of fluorescence correlated with the number of LPS administrations. Fluorescence was observed to be located in or in close vicinity to alveolar walls. No fluorescence was observed in sections of untreated hamsters. Liberation of MNA from synthetic substrates was delayed strongly by the addition of a recombinant secretory leukocyte proteinase inhibitor or a substituted cephalosporin neutrophil elastase inhibitor. The authors conclude that LPS-mediated PMN influx into the lung is accompanied by release of elastase from these cells and speculate that this PMN-elastase is involved in the development of LPS-mediated emphysema