Amounts of nonverbal behavior in students labeled behaviorally impaired and comparison students

The child’s behavioral and communicative skills are comprised of verbal and nonverbal components. The importance of a nonverbal context for smooth communication and interaction is often only evident when it is absent or defective, such as in children with severe behavioral disorders (autistic, schizophrenic). Actions and the way of saying things, rather than words, are essentially important since they are used deliberately or inadvertently to convey feelings or attitudes and determine the effectiveness of social and working relationships

A Different Perspective: Examining Obstacles Faced By Black Clergywomen Through The Lenses of Critical Race Feminism

The influence of Black women leaders in this country and throughout the world in corporate, political, educational, and religious settings has existed for years (Allen & Lewis, 2016). The most recent election of both Joe Biden and Kamala Harris is a testament to that as their wins have been largely attributed to the leadership, efforts, and mobilization of Black women. Yet, Black women’s leadership challenges and experiences have remained largely ignored as studies of leadership have typically centered on whites and males. (Allen & Lewis, 2016). Further, despite their contributions, Black women have remained underrepresented in most key leadership positions in all segments of society. Nowhere is this seen more than in the Black church where leadership is male-dominated (Barnes, 2006). Though women comprise much of the congregation, they hold very few leadership positions. This forces the question that must be asked, if she is called, then why can’t she come? This paper seeks to examine these ongoing issues through the lenses of Critical Race Feminism (CRF) and to provide recommendations that aim to further leadership advancement for Black clergywomen. This paper argues that Critical Race Feminism provides a viewpoint that focuses on feminism, race, and power to understand the multiplicity of leadership inequality in the Black church by extending the discussion of Black women\u27s leadership challenges in the church beyond race to gender subordination

Towards Sustainable Carbon Markets: Requirements for Ecologically Effective, Economically Efficient, and Socially Just Emissions Trading Schemes

Domestic climate policy emissions trading schemes appear to be spreading all over the word. However, carbon markets in existence often suffer from dilution in terms of ecological effectiveness, economic efficiency, and social justice. Thus, in order to firmly base carbon markets on the main pillars of Sustainable Development, this paper defines the criteria of ecological effectiveness, economic efficiency and social justice and operationalizes them for giving design recommendations for sustainable carbon markets. Methodologically, the paper uses welfare and institutional economics, jurisprudential reasoning, and modern climate justice thinking in order to discuss the three criteria. In addition, design and implication analysis is applied in order to develop design recommendations for sustainable carbon markets. By doing so, the paper provides evaluation criteria for emissions trading schemes in existence and in planning, but also allows for improvements in order to make emissions trading a valuable instrument of a sustainable global climate policy.sustainability, emissions trading, climate policy, justice, efficiency, effectiveness

Was erkunden Bioschweine in Freiland- und Stallhaltung?

ProPIG ist ein länderübergreifendes CORE Organic II Projekt, das in insgesamt 75 Betrieben in 8 europäischen Ländern die Tiergesundheit, Umweltwirkung und den Zusammenhang zwischen Tiergesundheit und Wohlergehen mit Fütterung und Umweltwirkung in drei verschiedenen Bioschweine-Haltungssystemen (Stallhaltung mit Auslauf, ganzjährige Freilandhaltung und Teilweise Freilandhaltung) untersucht. Der vorliegende Beitrag beschäftigt sich mit dem Erkundungsverhalten von tragenden Sauen, Aufzuchtferkeln und Mastschweinen in diesen Haltungssystemen. Für die Verhaltensbeobachtung wird unterschieden, wo die Schweine sich zum Erhebungszeitpunkt tatsächlich befanden, weshalb bei Betrieben mit teilweiser Freilandhaltung zwischen Indoor und Outdoor gehaltenen Schweinen differenziert wird. Das Erkundungsverhalten der Schweine unterschied sich nicht zwischen Stallhaltung mit Auslauf (Indoor) und Freilandhaltung (Outdoor). Alle Tierkategorien beschäftigten sich zu hohen Anteilen positiv, das heißt sie manipulierten vorrangig Stroh, Raufutter und ähnliches Material, das für ihre Beschäftigung gedacht ist. Aber auch die Einrichtung, Kot oder andere Schweine werden manipuliert, wenn auch zu wesentlich geringeren Anteilen. Steine kauen, eine mit Stangenbeißen in intensiven Systemen gleichzusetzende Stereotypie, trat vorrangig bei tragenden Sauen im Freiland auf

ProPIG - Informationen über das Projekt für LandwirtInnen- BioAustria Bauerntage

Introduction of the project to farmers, background, conditions and motivation for participation. Explanation of project - farm visits, duration, peopl

Nutritional characteristics of the diets in organic pig production

A better knowledge of the rations pigs receive, should help identify weaknesses and hence improve the efficiency of organic pig production. A research project was initiated in 8 EU countries (ProPIG from the ERANET CoreOrganic II) involving 72 farms: 59 with sows (53 farrow-to-finish = FF, 5 with and 1 without weaners), 11 fattening (F) and 2 with weaners and fatteners. Farmers were asked to describe their feeding practices and the nutrient content of feeds used was recorded, either from the manufacturer claim or calculated from ingredients. Four FF farms used a single diet for all pigs. For sows, 46% of the farms fed the same diet. For fatteners, 58% of the farms used a single diet, 38% used two diets and 5% used 3 diets. For weaners, 73% of the farms used a single diet and 27 % used two diets. Nutrient feed contents were 13.3 ± 1.0 MJ ME, 141 ± 19 g crude proteins (CP) and 5.0 ± 1.2 g total P (tP) /kg for pregnant sows, 12.8 ± 0.9 MJ ME, 159 ± 19 g CP and 5.2 g ± 1.2 tP/kg for lactating sows, 12.8 ± 1.0, 175 ± 23 g CP, 5.3 g tP/kg for weaners, 12.7 ± 0.1 MJ ME, 165 ± 23 g CP and 4.7 ± 1.1 g tP/kg for fatteners (means ± sd). Major ingredients were triticale (from18% in weaners to 27% in fatteners, 51% homegrown = HG), barley (from 22% in lactating sows to 28% in weaners, 48% HG), wheat (from 18% in weaners to 27% in fatteners, 23% HG), maize (from 13% in pregnant sows to 16% in fatteners, 52% HG), peas (from 8% in pregnant sows to 12% in fatteners, 38% HG), and fava beans (from 3.9% in fatteners to 10.4% in weaners, 67% HG). Results suggest using specific feeding for different types of pigs may improve feeding efficiency and reduce the environmental impact

Wohlergehen von Bioschweinen und Umweltwirkungen – (k)ein Widerspruch? Haltungssysteme der Bio-Schweine in Europa im Vergleich

Das Haltungssystem hat Einfluss auf Gesundheit, Wohlergehen und Umweltauswirkungen von Bioschweinen; Freilandhaltung ist grundsätzlich vorteilhaft für das Tierwohlergehen und teilweise Freilandhaltung hinsichtlich Umweltwirkung. Durch gutes Management können jedoch grundsätzlich in jedem System gute Ergebnisse erzielt werden. Die Ergebnisse der Studie können als Basis der Weiterentwicklung der Bioschweinehaltungssysteme in Europa dienen. Sofern die Voraussetzungen am Betrieb gegeben sind (z.B. ausreichend Flächen) und gutes Management gewährleistet ist, können Stallhaltungsbetriebe das Tierwohlergehen steigern, indem beispielsweise die Sauen saisonal im Freiland gehalten werden. Andererseits kann die Umweltwirkung mancher Freilandbetriebe voraussichtlich reduziert werden, indem Mastschweine teilweise im Stall gehalten werden. Das Haltungssystem sollte jedenfalls den Möglichkeiten des Betriebes entsprechen

Relationships among classifications of ayurvedic medicine diagnostics for imbalances and western measures of psychological states: An exploratory study.

BackgroundAccording to Ayurveda, the traditional medical system of India, doshas are a combination of characteristics based on a five-element philosophy that drive our mental and physical tendencies. When the doshas, or functional principles, are out of balance in quality or quantity, wellbeing is adversely affected and symptoms manifest.ObjectiveThis study examined relationships among imbalances in the doshas (termed Vikruti) reported via questionnaire and Western measures of psychological states.Materials and methodsStudy participants were 101 women (n = 81) and men (n = 20), mean age 53.9 years (SD = 11.7; range 32-80). Participants completed questionnaires to categorize their Vikruti type and psychological states, which included depressed mood (CESD), anxiety (PROMIS), rumination & reflection (RRQ), mindfulness (MAAS), stress (PSS), and quality of life (Ryff).ResultsMultivariate general linear modeling, controlling for age, gender and body mass index (BMI), showed that Vata imbalance was associated with more anxiety (p ≤ 0.05), more rumination (p ≤ 0.01), less mindfulness (p ≤ 0.05), and lower overall quality of life (p ≤ 0.01). Pitta imbalance was associated with poorer mood (p ≤ 0.01) and less mindfulness (p ≤ 0.05), more anxiety (p ≤ 0.05) and stress (p ≤ 0.05). Kapha imbalance was associated with more stress (p ≤ 0.05), more rumination (p ≤ 0.05) and less reflection (p ≤ 0.05).ConclusionThese findings suggest that symptoms of mind-body imbalances in Ayurveda are differentially associated with western assessments of psychological states. Ayurvedic dosha assessment may be an effective way to assess physical as well as emotional wellbeing in research and clinical settings