Optimum cross-current extraction with product recycle

The dynamic programming analysis of A et al. is extended to the determination of the optimal operating conditions for a class of multi-stage processes with product recycle. The dynamic programming tables for the process with no recycle can be used without modification to determine the optimal operating conditions for the process with recycle. The methods are restricted to recycle back to the first stage, and to certain objective functions.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/32314/1/0000382.pd

Contributors to the June Issue/Notes

Notes by Henry S. Romano, William C. Malone, Joseph F. Rudd, Leonard D. Bodkin, James D. Sullivan, Robert J. Callahan, Jr., William Meehan, Alphonse Spahn, Robert E. Sullivan, John F. Power, Francis J. Paulson, John Merryman, J. Barrett Guthrie, Robert T. Fanning, Robert T. Stewart, and R. L. Miller

Providing Family Education for Grandparent Caregivers: Lessons from the GRandS Program

Grandparents who take on primary responsibility for raising grandchildren face unique family challenges while helping reduce the burden on the foster care system. The GRandS (Grandfamily Resilience and Sustainability) Program was a family life education program designed with three fundamental goals: (a) increase grandparent caregivers\u27 knowledge and skills in parenting and child development, (b) fortify their relationships with spouses and grandchildren, and (c) inform them about, and connect them to, available community resources. In this article, we describe the program implementation and evaluation, including the use of quantitative analysis and anecdotal accounts. Additionally, on the basis of our findings and experience with the program, we identify factors important to Extension\u27s successfully serving grandfamilies

Contributors to the June Issue/Notes

Notes by Henry S. Romano, William C. Malone, Joseph F. Rudd, Leonard D. Bodkin, James D. Sullivan, Robert J. Callahan, Jr., William Meehan, Alphonse Spahn, Robert E. Sullivan, John F. Power, Francis J. Paulson, John Merryman, J. Barrett Guthrie, Robert T. Fanning, Robert T. Stewart, and R. L. Miller

Assessment of Differentiation States of Hematopoietic Stem Cells Following in Vitro Culture Using Side and Forward Scatter of Flow Cytometry

Hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) are defined by the International Society of Hematotherapy and Graft Engineering (ISHAGE) as those at low side scatter, positive for CD34 and CD45dim for their numeration with flow cytometry. However, we found that these CD34+ cells increase their granularity and size following in vitro culture, which was exhibited in flow cytometry as more events at higher side scatter and forward scatter. To further determine whether such a change in the cell event distribution is related to HSC differentiation, HSC markers and differentiation markers of in vitro-cultured HSC were detected by flow cytometry at different side scatter and forward scatter levels using modified ISHAGE gating strategies.nbsp The results revealed that cultured HSC with higher side scatter have a lower percentage of cells positive for HSC markers and a higher percentage of differentiation makers, while those with higher forward scatter have a higher percentage of differentiation makers but a slightly higher percentage of stem cell markers, suggesting that side scatter and forward scatter levels of cultured HSC correlate with the differentiation level of these cells

The Past, Present and Future of Sleep Measurement in Mild Cognitive Impairment and Early Dementia – Towards a Core Outcome Set:A Scoping Review

STUDY OBJECTIVES: Sleep abnormalities emerge early in dementia and may accelerate cognitive decline. Their accurate characterization may facilitate earlier clinical identification of dementia and allow for assessment of sleep intervention efficacy. This scoping review determines how sleep is currently measured and reported in Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) and early dementia, as a basis for future core outcome alignment. METHODS: This review follows the PRISMA Guidelines for Scoping Reviews. CINAHL, Embase, Medline, Psychinfo, and British Nursing Index databases were searched from inception—March 12, 2021. Included studies had participants diagnosed with MCI and early dementia and reported on sleep as a key objective/ outcome measure. RESULTS: Nineteen thousand five hundred and ninety-six titles were returned following duplicate removal with 188 studies [N] included in final analysis. Sleep data was reported on 17 139 unique, diagnostically diverse participants (n). “Unspecified MCI” was the most common diagnosis amongst patients with MCI (n = 5003, 60.6%). Despite technological advances, sleep was measured most commonly by validated questionnaires (n = 12 586, N = 131). Fewer participants underwent polysomnography (PSG) (n = 3492, N = 88) and actigraphy (n = 3359, N = 38) with little adoption of non-PSG electroencephalograms (EEG) (n = 74, N = 3). Sleep outcome parameters were reported heterogeneously. 62/165 (37.6%) were described only once in the literature (33/60 (60%) in interventional studies). There was underrepresentation of circadian (n = 725, N = 25) and micro-architectural (n = 360, N = 12) sleep parameters. CONCLUSIONS: Alongside under-researched areas, there is a need for more detailed diagnostic characterization. Due to outcome heterogeneity, we advocate for international consensus on core sleep outcome parameters to support causal inference and comparison of therapeutic sleep interventions

Dynamic of a non homogeneously coarse grained system

To study materials phenomena simultaneously at various length scales, descriptions in which matter can be coarse grained to arbitrary levels, are necessary. Attempts to do this in the static regime (i.e. zero temperature) have already been developed. In this letter, we present an approach that leads to a dynamics for such coarse-grained models. This allows us to obtain temperature-dependent and transport properties. Renormalization group theory is used to create new local potentials model between nodes, within the approximation of local thermodynamical equilibrium. Assuming that these potentials give an averaged description of node dynamics, we calculate thermal and mechanical properties. If this method can be sufficiently generalized it may form the basis of a Molecular Dynamics method with time and spatial coarse-graining.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figure

Three-dimensional molecular dynamics simulations of void coalescence during dynamic fracture of ductile metals

Void coalescence and interaction in dynamic fracture of ductile metals have been investigated using three-dimensional strain-controlled multi-million atom molecular dynamics simulations of copper. The correlated growth of two voids during the coalescence process leading to fracture is investigated, both in terms of its onset and the ensuing dynamical interactions. Void interactions are quantified through the rate of reduction of the distance between the voids, through the correlated directional growth of the voids, and through correlated shape evolution of the voids. The critical inter-void ligament distance marking the onset of coalescence is shown to be approximately one void radius based on the quantification measurements used, independent of the initial separation distance between the voids and the strain-rate of the expansion of the system. The interaction of the voids is not reflected in the volumetric asymptotic growth rate of the voids, as demonstrated here. Finally, the practice of using a single void and periodic boundary conditions to study coalescence is examined critically and shown to produce results markedly different than the coalescence of a pair of isolated voids.Comment: Accepted for publication in Physical Review

Genome-wide association study identifies _FUT8_ and _ESR2_ as co-regulators of a bi-antennary N-linked glycan A2 (GlcNAc~2~Man~3~GlcNAc~2~) in human plasma proteins

HPLC analysis of N-glycans quantified levels of the biantennary glycan (A2) in plasma proteins of 924 individuals. Subsequent genome-wide association study (GWAS) using 317,503 single nucleotide polymorphysms (SNP) identified two genetic loci influencing variation in A2: FUT 8 and ESR2. We demonstrate that human glycans are amenable to GWAS and their genetic regulation shows sex-specific effects with _FUT 8_ variants explaining 17.3% of the variance in pre-menopausal women, while _ESR2_ variants explained 6.0% of the variance in post-menopausal women

Cisplatin-induced emesis: systematic review and meta-analysis of the ferret model and the effects of 5-HT3 receptor antagonists

PURPOSE: The ferret cisplatin emesis model has been used for ~30 years and enabled identification of clinically used anti-emetics. We provide an objective assessment of this model including efficacy of 5-HT(3) receptor antagonists to assess its translational validity. METHODS: A systematic review identified available evidence and was used to perform meta-analyses. RESULTS: Of 182 potentially relevant publications, 115 reported cisplatin-induced emesis in ferrets and 68 were included in the analysis. The majority (n = 53) used a 10 mg kg(−1) dose to induce acute emesis, which peaked after 2 h. More recent studies (n = 11) also used 5 mg kg(−1), which induced a biphasic response peaking at 12 h and 48 h. Overall, 5-HT(3) receptor antagonists reduced cisplatin (5 mg kg(−1)) emesis by 68% (45–91%) during the acute phase (day 1) and by 67% (48–86%) and 53% (38–68%, all P < 0.001), during the delayed phase (days 2, 3). In an analysis focused on the acute phase, the efficacy of ondansetron was dependent on the dosage and observation period but not on the dose of cisplatin. CONCLUSION: Our analysis enabled novel findings to be extracted from the literature including factors which may impact on the applicability of preclinical results to humans. It reveals that the efficacy of ondansetron is similar against low and high doses of cisplatin. Additionally, we showed that 5-HT(3) receptor antagonists have a similar efficacy during acute and delayed emesis, which provides a novel insight into the pharmacology of delayed emesis in the ferret