Cristina Bogdan, Béatrice Fleury, Jacques Walter, dirs, Patrimoine, création, culture. À l’intersection des dispositifs et des publics

On peut prendre sur les institutions culturelles bien des points de vue. Mais ce n’est pas uniquement une affaire de choix de perspectives scientifiques (sociologie, histoire, psychologie...), parfois croisées ou non. C’est aussi le résultat nécessaire des véritables mutations subies par ces institutions ces dernières années, à l’instar des changements sociaux plus globaux. Mutations qui concernent autant le rapport des institutions à elles-mêmes que celui à un public au moins amplifié, sinon..

Karen Akoka, L’asile et l’exil. Une histoire de la distinction réfugiés/migrants

Qu’est-ce qui fait un réfugié ? Est-ce même le juste terme ? Pourquoi pas migrant, sans papier, apatride, demandeur d’asile… ? Telles sont les questions à l’origine de cet ouvrage. Qui choisit tel terme pour désigner telle personne, et ce terme dit-il vraiment quelque chose sur l’individu qu’il est censé désigner ? Questions qui ne sont pas simples à résoudre, lorsqu’il s’agit des étrangers et des crises de leur réception sur le territoire (ici français, mais cela pourrait être étendu). Non s..

Penser le sensible et l’émancipation

Bienveillante ou non, la lecture de l’article du sociologue Éric Maigret (2013) oblige à se poser deux séries de questions. La première concerne l’ordre d’exposition privilégié par l’auteur et la défense et illustration des cultural studies entreprise par lui. La seconde concerne les classifications mises en œuvre. Il n’empêche, il s’avère aussi que, du point de vue philosophique qui est le nôtre, son article réveille des questions centrales posées par et dans notre travail portant sur la constitution de soi comme « spectateur » dans une histoire culturelle européenne du spectateur, et la critique des assignations esthétiques. Relevant d’un champ d’études désormais de plus en plus important, ce travail ne se préoccupe pas de savoir s’il relève de la science ou non, ou de quelque modèle de scientificité. Il se préoccupe plutôt d’essayer de faire voir, avec circonspection, ce que nous pensons être un élément de discussion négligé dans le champ des sciences, de la politique et de l’art, la question du sensible.Well intentioned or not, the reading of sociologist Éric Magret’s article forces one to elaborate two series of questions. The first concerns the order of exposition favored by the author and the defense and illustration of the Cultural Studies that he undertook. The second concerns the implemented classifications. However, it turns out that, from the philosophical standpoint that is ours, his article brings up some key interrogations posed in and by our work, concerning the constitution of oneself as “spectator” in a European cultural history of the spectator, and the criticism of the allocations of the aesthetics. This work that now embodies an increasing field of study, does not bother to know if it incorporates the fields of science, or of some model of scientificity. On the other hand it does try to make visible, with circumspection, what we believe to be an element of discussion neglected in the field of science, politics and art, the question of the sensible

Béatrice Fleury, Jacques Walter, dirs, Vies d’objets, souvenirs de guerre

Il y a bien du langage partout, pensait Honoré de Balzac. Tout objet compose une partie du vaste poème qui est le poème de la société s’écrivant elle-même, dans la multitude des signes. Honoré de Balzac déploie alors un programme linguistique et géologique de dégagement des couches et de lecture des objets comme hiéroglyphes ou fossiles exprimant les épaisseurs des mœurs et de l’histoire. Ce n’est sans aucun doute plus de cette manière que les sociologues prennent la question des objets, mais..

Philippe Poirrier, Bertrand Tilier, dirs, Aux confins des arts et de la culture. Approches thématiques et transversales xvie-xxie siècle

À destination des étudiants, les instruments du travail intellectuel – textes réduits, expliqués, commentés, surlignés… – foisonnent, le plus souvent entre réduction des théories au minimum vital pour survivre à un examen et réitération de ce que tout le monde répand dans les manuels les plus divers. L’idéal pédagogique, pour ne pas dire la justification, en est toujours d’aider les étudiants à réussir leurs concours et autres épreuves écrites et orales. Le manque d’originalité en cette matiè..

The influence of acceptance and adoption drivers on smart home usage

Purpose: This study aims to develop a comprehensive adoption model that combines constructs from various theories and tests these theories against each other. The study combines a technology acceptance model, innovation diffusion theory and risk theory. It develops this model in a smart home applications context. Design/methodology/approach: The study is based on an online survey consisting of 409 participants, and the data are analyzed using structural equation modeling. Findings: Each theory provides unique insights into technology acceptance and numerous constructs are interrelated. Predictors from innovation diffusion and risk theory often display indirect effects through technology acceptance variables. The study identifies risk perception as a major inhibitor of use intention, mediated through perceived usefulness. Results reveal that the most important determinants of use intention are compatibility and usefulness of the application. Research limitations/implications: Studies which do not examine different theories together may not be able to detect the indirect effects of some predictors and could falsely conclude that these predictors do no matter. The findings emphasize the crucial role of compatibility, perceived usefulness and various risk facets associated with smart homes. Originality/value: This study broadens the understanding about the necessity of combining acceptance and adoption drivers from several theories to better understand the usage of complex technological systems such as smart home applications

Fully automated breast segmentation on spiral breast computed tomography images

INTRODUCTION The quantification of the amount of the glandular tissue and breast density is important to assess breast cancer risk. Novel photon-counting breast computed tomography (CT) technology has the potential to quantify them. For accurate analysis, a dedicated method to segment the breast components-the adipose and glandular tissue, skin, pectoralis muscle, skinfold section, rib, and implant-is required. We propose a fully automated breast segmentation method for breast CT images. METHODS The framework consists of four parts: (1) investigate, (2) segment the components excluding adipose and glandular tissue, (3) assess the breast density, and (4) iteratively segment the glandular tissue according to the estimated density. For the method, adapted seeded watershed and region growing algorithm were dedicatedly developed for the breast CT images and optimized on 68 breast images. The segmentation performance was qualitatively (five-point Likert scale) and quantitatively (Dice similarity coefficient [DSC] and difference coefficient [DC]) demonstrated according to human reading by experienced radiologists. RESULTS The performance evaluation on each component and overall segmentation for 17 breast CT images resulted in DSCs ranging 0.90-0.97 and in DCs 0.01-0.08. The readers rated 4.5-4.8 (5 highest score) with an excellent inter-reader agreement. The breast density varied by 3.7%-7.1% when including mis-segmented muscle or skin. CONCLUSION The automatic segmentation results coincided with the human expert's reading. The accurate segmentation is important to avoid the significant bias in breast density analysis. Our method enables accurate quantification of the breast density and amount of the glandular tissue that is directly related to breast cancer risk

Influence of CT Image Matrix Size and Kernel Type on the Assessment of HRCT in Patients with SSC-ILD

BACKGROUND Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is a frequent complication of systemic sclerosis (SSc), and its early detection and treatment may prevent deterioration of lung function. Different vendors have recently made larger image matrices available as a post-processing option for computed tomography (CT), which could facilitate the diagnosis of SSc-ILD. Therefore, the objective of this study was to assess the effect of matrix size on lung image quality in patients with SSc by comparing a 1024-pixel matrix to a standard 512-pixel matrix and applying different reconstruction kernels. METHODS Lung scans of 50 patients (mean age 54 years, range 23-85 years) with SSc were reconstructed with these two different matrix sizes, after determining the most appropriate kernel in a first step. Four observers scored the images on a five-point Likert scale regarding image quality and detectability of clinically relevant findings. RESULTS Among the eight tested kernels, the Br59-kernel (sharp) reached the highest score (19.48 ± 3.99), although differences did not reach statistical significance. The 1024-pixel matrix scored higher than the 512-pixel matrix HRCT overall (p = 0.01) and in the subcategories sharpness (p < 0.01), depiction of bronchiole (p < 0.01) and overall image impression (p < 0.01), and lower for the detection of ground-glass opacities (GGO) (p = 0.04). No significant differences were found for detection of extent of reticulations/bronchiectasis/fibrosis (p = 0.50) and image noise (p = 0.09). CONCLUSIONS Our results show that with the use of a sharp kernel, the 1024-pixel matrix HRCT, provides a slightly better subjective image quality in terms of assessing interstitial lung changes, whereby GGO are more visible on the 512-pixel matrix. However, it remains to be answered to what extent this is related to the improved representation of the smallest structures