Nuevos datos de carbones y maderas fósiles de Pinus pinaster Aiton en el Holoceno de la Península Ibérica

The study of ligneous fossil remains (charcoal and wood) corresponding to three sites located in the interior of the Iberian Peninsula is presented. The chronologies established by means of radiocarbon or relative dating (archaeological) situate all the samples in the last phase of the Holocene. In the three deposits Pinus pinaster has been identified and there have being made other taxonomic contributions. A review of previous Pinus pinaster findings registered in the Peninsula is exposed and other considerations are made on the importance of this taxon in the Iberian vegetal landscape during the end of the Quaternary.Se ha realizado un estudio de restos fósiles leñosos correspondientes a tres yacimientos del interior de la península Ibérica: Hontalbilla (Segovia), Yecla (Murcia) y Castillejos (Badajoz). Las cronologías establecidas mediante datación absoluta (radiocarbono) o relativa (arqueológica) sitúan todas las muestras en la última fase del Holoceno. En los tres yacimientos se ha identificado Pinus pinaster, realizándose además otras aportaciones taxonómicas. Se reúnen los datos conocidos de macrorrestos de P. pinaster registrados en la Península y se realizan consideraciones sobre la importancia de este taxon en el paisaje vegetal ibérico durante el final del Cuaternario

Revealing the last 13,500 years of environmental history from the multiproxy record of a mountain lake (Lago Enol, northern Iberian Peninsula)

This is the author's accepted manuscript. The final publication is available at Springer via http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10933-009-9387-7.We present the Holocene sequence from Lago Enol (43°16′N, 4°59′W, 1,070 m a.s.l.), Cantabrian Mountains, northern Spain. A multiproxy analysis provided comprehensive information about regional humidity and temperature changes. The analysis included sedimentological descriptions, physical properties, organic carbon and carbonate content, mineralogy and geochemical composition together with biological proxies including diatom and ostracod assemblages. A detailed pollen study enabled reconstruction of variations in vegetation cover, which were interpreted in the context of climate changes and human impact. Four distinct stages were recognized for the last 13,500 years: (1) a cold and dry episode that includes the Younger Dryas event (13,500–11,600 cal. year BP); (2) a humid and warmer period characterizing the onset of the Holocene (11,600–8,700 cal. year BP); (3) a tendency toward a drier climate during the middle Holocene (8,700–4,650 cal. year BP); and (4) a return to humid conditions following landscape modification by human activity (pastoral activities, deforestation) in the late Holocene (4,650–2,200 cal. year BP). Superimposed on relatively stable landscape conditions (e.g. maintenance of well established forests), the typical environmental variability of the southern European region is observed at this site.The Spanish Inter-Ministry Commission of Science and Technology (CICYT), the Spanish National Parks agency, the European Commission, the Spanish Ministry of Science, and the European Social Fund

Revealing the last 13,500 years of environmental history from the multiproxy record of a mountain lake (Lago Enol, northern Iberian Peninsula)

This is the author's accepted manuscript. The final publication is available at Springer via http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10933-009-9387-7.We present the Holocene sequence from Lago Enol (43°16′N, 4°59′W, 1,070 m a.s.l.), Cantabrian Mountains, northern Spain. A multiproxy analysis provided comprehensive information about regional humidity and temperature changes. The analysis included sedimentological descriptions, physical properties, organic carbon and carbonate content, mineralogy and geochemical composition together with biological proxies including diatom and ostracod assemblages. A detailed pollen study enabled reconstruction of variations in vegetation cover, which were interpreted in the context of climate changes and human impact. Four distinct stages were recognized for the last 13,500 years: (1) a cold and dry episode that includes the Younger Dryas event (13,500–11,600 cal. year BP); (2) a humid and warmer period characterizing the onset of the Holocene (11,600–8,700 cal. year BP); (3) a tendency toward a drier climate during the middle Holocene (8,700–4,650 cal. year BP); and (4) a return to humid conditions following landscape modification by human activity (pastoral activities, deforestation) in the late Holocene (4,650–2,200 cal. year BP). Superimposed on relatively stable landscape conditions (e.g. maintenance of well established forests), the typical environmental variability of the southern European region is observed at this site.The Spanish Inter-Ministry Commission of Science and Technology (CICYT), the Spanish National Parks agency, the European Commission, the Spanish Ministry of Science, and the European Social Fund

Çédille, revista de estudios franceses

Presentació

Proteomic Analysis of Pea (Pisum sativum L.) Response During Compatible and Incompatible Interactions with the Pea Aphid (Acyrthosiphon pisum H.)

Acyrthosiphon pisum (pea aphid) is considered to be one of the most agronomically damaging pests on pea and alfalfa crops, and is responsible for significant yield losses in agriculture. For the efficient control of the parasite, a better understanding of its interaction and associated resistance mechanisms at the molecular level is required. We used two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2DE) coupled to mass spectrometry (MSMS) analysis to compare the leaf proteome of two pea accessions displaying different phenotypes to A. pisum infestation. Multivariate statistical analysis identified 203 differential proteins under the experimental conditions, 81 of which were identified using a combination of peptide mass fingerprinting (PMF) and MSMS fragmentation. Most of the identified proteins corresponded to amino acid and carbohydrate metabolism, photosynthesis, folding/degradation, stress response, signal transduction and transcription/translation. Results suggested the involvement of different metabolic pathways that may be activated in order to overcome pea aphid attack in the resistant accession (P665): reduction of photosynthesis and amino acid biosynthesis that may be helpful in tackling pea aphid attack by limiting access to nutrients, up-accumulation of wound signal molecules such as LOXs and LAPs, and activation of the antioxidant ASC-GSH cycle. In contrast, the susceptible accession (cv. Messire) showed an increase in primary metabolism pathways (especially amino acid biosynthesis), from which a relationship to the successful performance of aphids on this accession could be inferred. Results are also discussed with regard to differences in management of photoassimilates against the strong sinks produced by aphid feeding. © 2013 Springer Science+Business Media New York.This research was supported by the Spanish AGL2011-22524 project. E. Carrillo was funded by a grant from Cabildo de La Palma- CSIC PhD and Mª Angeles Castillejo by a postdoctoral fellowship from the Spanish Ministry of Education, through the Mobility Program R-D + I 2008–2011.Peer Reviewe

Geomorphic Hazards in Spain

An overview of the main geomorphic hazards in Spain is presented. For each one of the processes analysed (floods, landslides, sinkholes, and coastal hazards), a brief description of their distribution, socioeconomic effects, and main causes is given. The main lines of research undertaken in recent times on these hazards, including development of new tools or techniques, are discussed. Finally, legislation and land-use planning measures for mitigation of risks due to such processes are described