Efeito do número de ordenhas diárias sobre o desempenho reprodutivo de vacas mestiças Holandês-Zebu.

Resumo: Avaliou-se a influência do número de ordenhas diárias sobre o desempenho reprodutivo de 63 vacas mestiças (Holandês-Zebu) com boa condição corporal ao parto, distribuídas em três grupos (G) experimentais: GI ? vacas ordenhadas uma vez ao dia; GII ? vacas ordenhadas duas vezes ao dia; GIII ? vacas ordenhadas alternadamente a cada 14 dias, uma ou duas vezes ao dia. O retorno ao estro (84,3 dias; 81,7 dias e 71,2 dias); a taxa de manifestação de estro (80,9%; 80,90% e 80,90%); o período de serviço (99,0 dias; 114,0 dias e 93,1 dias) e a taxa de gestação até 120 dias pós-parto (66,7%; 57,1%; 66,7%) não foram influenciados (P>0,05) pelo aumento do número de ordenhas diárias. [Effect of the number of daily milking on reproductive performance of crossbred (Holtein x Zebu) cows]. Abstract: This study was carried out to evaluate the influence of the number of daily milking on reproductive performance of 63 crossbred (Holstein-Zebu) cows, with good body condition score at calving, allocatted into three groups (G) according the number of daily milking: GI ? cows milked once a day; GII ? cows milked twice a day; GIII - cows milked alternating once or twice a day, every fourteen days. The return to estrous (84.3 days; 81.7 days and 71.2 days); estrous rates (80.9%; 80.90% e 80.90%); service period (99.0 days; 114.0 days and 93.1 days) and pregnant rates until 120 day postpartum (66.7%; 57.1%; 66.7%) were not influenced (P>0.05) by the number of daily milkin

Visual behavior of infants in the first and second months of life

Este estudo objetivou avaliar e conhecer o comportamento visual de lactentes no primeiro e segundo meses de vida. Os participantes foram 66 lactentes procedentes da região metropolitana de Campinas, nascidos no Centro de Atenção Integral à Saúde da Mulher da Universidade Estadual de Campinas (CAISM/UNICAMP), assintomáticos, com peso ao nascimento variando de 3000g a 4140g, integrantes do Programa de Detecção de Alterações Audiológicas em Neonatos (DAANE), que compareceram ao Centro de Estudos e Pesquisas em Reabilitação "Prof. Dr. Gabriel Porto" da Faculdade de Ciências Médicas (CEPRE/FCM/UNICAMP) para triagem auditiva e cujos pais concordaram em participar do estudo. Para avaliação do comportamento visual utilizou-se o Método de Avaliação da Conduta Visual em Lactentes. A análise dos resultados utilizando-se o SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences, versão 13) revelou, no primeiro mês, um destaque para as provas: fixação visual 97,62%, contato de olho 97,62%, sorriso 52,38%, seguimento visual horizontal 97,62% e seguimento visual vertical 52,38%. No segundo mês obteve-se 100% de resposta para as provas fixação visual, contato de olho, sorriso, seguimento visual horizontal e vertical. Os resultados obtidos no presente estudo estão em concordância com dados de estudos recentes sobre o comportamento visual de lactentes no primeiro trimestre de vida. A possibilidade de detectar oportunamente alterações no desenvolvimento visual está ligada a um diagnóstico oportuno e a um pronto encaminhamento a serviços de habilitação infantil, favorecendo, assim, a qualidade de vida das crianças e suas famílias.The aim of this study was to assess as well as understand the visual behavior of infants in the first and second months of life. The participants were 66 asymptomatic infants from Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil, born at the Integral Attention Center for Women's Health at Campinas State University (CAISM/UNICAMP), with birth weight ranging from 3000g to 4140g. These infants were participants in the Program for Detecting Audiological Alterations in Newborns (DAANE) who attended the Center for Studies and Research on Rehabilitation "Prof. Dr. Gabriel Porto" at the Faculty of Medical Sciences (CEPRE/FCM/UNICAMP) for auditory trial, and whose parents consented to participate in this study. Visual behaviors were assessed through the Method for Assessing Visual Acuity in Infants. The data analysis was performed by using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (version 13). In the first month, the infants showed: visual fixation (97.62%), eye contact (97.62%), smile (52.38%), horizontal tracking (97.62%), and vertical tracking (52.38%). In the second month, they reached 100% in these same tests. The results are in accordance with recent studies on visual behavior of infants in the first three months of life. The possibility of opportunely detecting alterations in visual development is related to a timely diagnosis and a prompt referral to rehabilitation services for infants. As a consequence, it may improve the quality of life of children and their families

Oxidative stress biomarkers and acetylcholinesterase activity in human erythrocytes exposed to clomazone (in vitro)

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of clomazone herbicide on oxidative stress biomarkers and acetylcholinesterase activity in human erythrocytes in in vitro conditions. The activity of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE), as well as the levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and reduced glutathione (GSH) were measured in human erythrocytes exposed (in vitro) to clomazone at varying concentrations in the range of 0, 100, 250 and 500 µg/L for 1 h at 37 °C.TBARS levels were significantly higher in erythrocytes incubated with clomazone at 100, 250 and 500 µg/L. However, erythrocyte CAT and AChE activities were decreased at all concentrations tested. SOD activity was increased only at 100 µg/L of clomazone. GSH levels did not change with clomazone exposure. These results clearly showed clomazone to induce oxidative stress and AChE inhibition in human erythrocytes (in vitro). We, thus, suggest a possible role of ROS on toxicity mechanism induced by clomazone in humans

Understanding Interorganizational Learning Based on Social Spaces and Learning Episodes

Different organizational settings have been gaining ground in the world economy, resulting in a proliferation of different forms of strategic alliances that translate into a growth in the number of organizations that have started to deal with interorganizational relationships with different actors. These circumstances reinforce Crossan, Lane, White and Djurfeldt (1995) and Crossan, Mauer and White (2011) in exploring what authors refer to as the fourth, interorganizational, level of learning. These authors, amongst others, suggest that the process of interorganizational learning (IOL) warrants investigation, as its scope of analysis needs widening and deepening. Therefore, this theoretical essay is an attempt to understand IOL as a dynamic process found in interorganizational cooperative relationships that can take place in different structured and unstructured social spaces and that can generate learning episodes. According to this view, IOL is understood as part of an organizational learning continuum and is analyzed within the framework of practical rationality in an approach that is less cognitive and more social-behavioral