Skeletal and dentoalveolar bilateral dimensions in unilateral palatally impacted canine using cone beam computed tomography

Abstract Background The aim of this investigation was to compare skeletal and dentoalveolar measurements of subject with unilateral palatally impacted canine versus the unaffected contralateral side on cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). Methods A cross-sectional study (split mouth design) that included 28 CBCTs (i.e., 56 sides) with unilaterally impacted maxillary canines was performed. After conducting a pilot test to gauge the researcher, heights and widths of skeletal and dentoalveolar variables obtained in the maxilla were measured using coronal and axial views. The angulations of incisors were also measured, and the side with impaction and the unaffected side were compared. Paired sample t test and Wilcoxon signed-rank test were used. Results Significant statistical differences (2 mm, p < 0.001) were found between the impacted and non-impacted side measurements from the mid-palatine raphe to the first premolar (proximal alveolar bone crest between the canine (deciduous or permanent) and first premolar); the distance were significantly lower (12.72 ± 2.25 mm) than in the side without impaction (14.67 ± 2.00 mm). Also, the central and lateral incisor angulations showed significant reductions; presenting disto-angulated incisors on the impacted canine side (86.14 ± 7.70° and 74.75 ± 12.67°, respectively) and mesial-angulated incisors on the non-impacted side (91.63 ± 6.79° and 81.21 ± 8.56° respectively). The other skeletal and dentoalveolar measurements showed no significant differences. Conclusions The width from the median raphe to the first premolar is lower in the side of maxillary palatal impacted canines than in the side without impaction. Lateral angulations of incisors were disto-angulated on the side of impacted canines. Both conditions have clinical implications in the orthodontic treatment

Factores asociados a enfermedades periodontales inflamatorias crónicas en estudiantes del Centro Mixto "José Antonio Echeverría"

Introduction: inflammatory chronic periodontal diseasesconform entities that affect tooth surrounding tissues that provide protection and insertion. Those diseases are more common every day in young population, so the identification of causing factors is necessary to create effective preventive strategies.Objective: To determine related risk factors of chronic inflammatory periodontal disease in students of Mixed Center “José Antonio Echeverría”. Methodological design: anobservational analytical, transversal study was made in students of 11-18 years old in mixed center “José Antonio Echeverría”, Mataguá, Villa Clara, from September 2018 to July 2020. Universe was formed by 116 students. The sample coincided with universe. Information was recollected through a guide that was elaborated by investigation team and validated by specialist, previous informed consent.Recollected information was prosecutedthrough IBM SPSS Statistics, version 21. Descriptive and inferential statistic techniques were applied.  Results: Prevalence age group was 13-14 years old(44.8 %).  The predominance of chronic localized (81.6%) and severe gingivitis (49 %) was noticed. Principal associated risk factors found were dental bacterial plaque (p=0.009), deficient hygiene (p=0.028) and dental caries (0.076).Conclusions: dental bacterial plaque, deficient hygiene and dental caries were the principal risk factors related to inflammatory chronic periodontal disease. Introducción: las enfermedades periodontales inflamatorias crónicas conforman un conjunto de entidades que afectan los tejidos que rodean al diente para su protección e inserción. Estas enfermedades son cada día más frecuentes en la población joven, por lo que es necesario identificar los factores que pueden provocarlas para trazar estrategias preventivas efectivas.Objetivo: determinar los factores asociados a las enfermedades periodontales inflamatorias crónicas en estudiantes del Centro Mixto “José Antonio Echeverría”.Método: se realizó un estudio observacional analítico, transversal en estudiantes de 11 a 18 años de edad en el Centro Mixto “José Antonio Echeverría” de Mataguá, Villa Clara, deseptiembre de 2018 hasta julio de 2020. El universo estuvo conformado por 116 estudiantes y se trabajó con su totalidad. La información fue recolectada por medio de una guía elaborada por el equipo de investigación y validada por especialistas, previo consentimiento informado.Se empleó estadística descriptiva e inferencial.Resultados: predominó el grupo de edades de 13-14 años (44,8 %) y el sexo femenino (51,7 %). Se observó un predominio de la gingivitis crónica localizada (81,6 %) y severa (49 %). Los principales factores asociados a la enfermedad periodontal fueron la placa dentobacteriana (OR: 23,25; IC 95 %: 6,376-84,784; p=0,009); la higiene bucal deficiente (OR: 10,48; IC 95 %: 3,028-36,244; p=0,028); y la caries dental (OR: 5,657; IC 95 %: 1,214-26,368; p=0,046).Conclusiones: la placa dentobacteriana, la higiene bucal deficiente y la caries dental fueron los principales factores asociados a la aparición de la enfermedad periodontal inflamatoria crónica.

Assessment of fractures in endodontically treated teeth restored with and without root canal posts using high-resolution cone beam computed tomography

Root fractures are a diagnostic challenge for dentists in endodontic treatment. This study aimed to determine the relationship between the characteristics of tooth fractures and the presence of root canal posts in endodontically treated teeth using high-resolution cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). Fifty high-resolution CBCT scans of endodontically treated teeth with a diagnosis of fracture were obtained, of which 30 were from women and 20 were from men. These scans were acquired with three Veraviewepocs 3D units and one 3D Accuitomo 170 unit, with a 40 × 40-mm field of view and 125 ?m voxel size. The variables assessed included the type of fracture, extent of fracture, type of retention, post length, cause of endodontic failure, location of the lesion, and time required to detect the fracture (difficulty score). For data analysis, the chi-squared test, Student?s t-test, and multiple linear regression (? 0.05). On the other hand, the type of fracture significantly influenced the time required for its detection. Additionally, the most difficult plane for detecting the fracture and the difficulty score were associated, with statistically significant results. The type of fracture in endodontically treated teeth was not associated with the type of post used for restoration. All of the CBCT systems used to detect tooth fracture showed the same efficiency

Prevalence of impacted teeth and supernumerary teeth by radiographic evaluation in three Latin American countries : a cross-sectional study

Supernumerary teeth are those that exceed the usual dental formula. There are different classifications depending on their anatomical location, shape and number. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of impacted and supernumerary te

Three-dimensional evaluation of mandibular canine impaction characteristics and their relationship with lower incisor root morphometry

To three-dimensionally evaluate the characteristics of mandibular canine impaction with the morphometry of the roots of the lower incisors. Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans of 35 individuals (18 males and 17 females) with a mean age of 14.37±

Tridimensional assessment of the dental follicle dimensions of impacted mandibular third molars using cone-beam CT

The present study was performed to compare follicle dimensions of impacted mandibular third molar (IMTM) with different impaction angulations using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). Forty-nine individuals with IMTM (24 male, 25 female) were selected. Their age range was 25-55 years. The sample was divided into three IMTM groups either vertical (n=16), mesioangular (n=18) or horizontal (n=15) position based on Winter?s classification (the angle between the longitudinal axis of the second and third molars). Follicular spaces (FS) from available CBCT imaging were measured from the midpoint of the teeth?s crown in several dimensions (mesial, distal, occlusal, apical, vestibular and lingual) in axial, sagittal and coronal planes. An ANOVA, T-student, Kruskal?Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests were used. A comparison of the mesial FS for all groups revealed significant differences (p<0.001). Significant difference was also found for vestibular FS between the vertical and mesioangular IMTM groups (p=0.04). Buccolingual FS for all groups revealed no significant differences (p=0.074), whereas significant difference was found for the vertical and horizontal IMTM groups (p=0.02). No significant statistical differences were found for occlusal (p=0.54), apical (p=0.06), and lingual (p=0.64) FS. In this sample IMTM follicles have different dimensions according to their degree of angulation. Mesioagulated and horizontally positioned IMTMs seems to consistently have some increased FS dimensions (mesial and vestibular aspects)

Primary failure of eruption : occlusal and dentoalveolar characteristics in mixed and permanent dentition. A study with cone beam computed tomography

The main objective of this study was to describe the dentoalveolar and occlusal characteristics of subjects with primary failure of eruption (PFE) in cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) and compare them with a control group without the anomaly. This r

Terapia láser de baja potencia en el tratamiento de la gingivitis crónica edematosa y fibroedematosa

Introduction: periodontal diseases are very frequent in the population and new treatments are revealed every day, laser being one of the encouraging therapies that allows improving periodontal conditions. Objective: to evaluate the results of the application of low level laser in patients with chronic edematous and fibroedematous gingivitis. Method: a non-observational, quasi-experimental study of the before-after type with a non-equivalent control group was carried out at the Villa Clara Faculty of Stomatology, from March 12, 2018 to March 15, 2019. The universe was constituted per 106 patients, of which 1,278 sites affected by chronic gingivitis were selected. It worked with its entirety. Two groups were formed: 638 sites received conventional therapy plus laser application (study group) and 640 only conventional treatment (control group). Descriptive statistics were used. Results: the predominant age range was 15 to 20 years (47.17 %). Male sex prevailed (50.94 %). A higher frequency of sites affected by chronic fibroedematous gingivitis was found (83.41 %). 100 % of the affected sites had loss of morphology and 95.62 % had bleeding on probing. Greater effectiveness was evidenced in the study group (49.45 %). Conclusions: the treatment had good results in the sites where low power laser was applied, making it an effective therapeutic option for chronic edematous and fibroedematous gingivitis.Introducción: las enfermedades periodontales son muy frecuentes en la población y cada día se revelan nuevos tratamientos, siendo el láser una de las terapias alentadoras que permite mejorar las condiciones periodontales. Objetivo: evaluar los resultados de la aplicación del láser de baja potencia en pacientes con gingivitis crónica edematosa y fibroedematosa. Método: se realizó un estudio no observacional, cuasi-experimental, del tipo antes después con grupo control no equivalente en la Facultad de Estomatología de Villa Clara, desde el 12 de marzo del 2018 hasta el 15 de marzo del 2019. El universo quedó constituido por 106 pacientes, de los cuales se seleccionaron 1 278 sitios afectados por gingivitis crónica. Se trabajó con su totalidad. Quedaron conformados dos grupos: 638 sitios recibieron terapia convencional más aplicación de láser (grupo de estudio) y 640 solo tratamiento convencional (grupo control). Se empleó estadística descriptiva. Resultados: el rango de edad predominante fue el de 15 a 20 años (47,17 %). Preponderó el sexo masculino (50,94 %). Se encontró mayor frecuencia de sitios afectados por gingivitis crónica fibroedematosa (83,41 %). El 100 % de los sitios afectados tenían pérdida de la morfología y el 95,62 % presentaban sangramiento al sondeo. Se evidenció mayor efectividad en el grupo de estudio (49,45 %). Conclusiones: el tratamiento tuvo buenos resultados en los sitios donde se aplicó láser de baja potencia, por lo que es una opción terapéutica eficaz para la gingivitis crónica edematosa y fibroedematosa

Frecuencia de foramen mentoniano accesorio y variabilidad anatómica del asa anterior del nervio mentoniano en una población peruana: estudio retrospectivo de tomografía computarizada de haz cónico.

Objective: To evaluate the frequency of accessory mental foramen (AMF) and anatomical variants of the mental nerve anterior loop using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) in a Peruvian population. Material and methods: This retrospective cross-sectional study evaluated 80 hemi-mandibles from 40 subjects using CBCT. The sample included 38 females and 42 males, with an average age of 25±4.45 years. A 3D multi-planar reconstruction was performed to identify the location and presence of accessory mental foramina, their morphological characteristics (oval or circular), their position with respect to the mental foramen (MF), anterior loop (AL) path and other anatomical landmarks including lengths and angles. Statistical analyses included chi square and t-tests. The significance level was p&lt;0.05. Results: The frequency of AMF was 17% and the average distance AL-MF was 4.76±1.97mm. The measurements of the anterior border of AL and MF to the inferior mandibular border showed significant differences according to the sex (p&lt;0.001 and p=0.009, respectively). Conclusion: The AMF prevalence was approximately 17%. There is no association between the AMF position and its morphology, sex or side evaluated. The distances from the anterior border of the AL and from the inferior border of the MF to the inferior mandibular border were greater in males. These findings should be considered when planning implant or mini-implant placement in this region.Objetivo: Evaluar la frecuencia de foramen mentoniano accesorio (AMF) y variantes anatómicas del asa anterior del nervio mentoniano mediante tomografía computarizada de haz cónico (CBCT) en una población peruana. Material y Métodos: Este estudio transversal retrospectivo evaluó 80 hemi-mandíbulas de 40 sujetos utilizando CBCT. La muestra incluyó 38 mujeres y 42 hombres, con una edad promedio de 25±4,45 años. Se realizó una reconstrucción en 3D multiplanar para identificar la ubicación y presencia del foramen mentoniano accesorio, sus características morfológicas (ovaladas o circulares), su posición con respecto al foramen mentoniano (MF), trayectoria del asa anterior (AL) y otros hitos anatómicos incluyendo longitudes y ángulos. Los análisis estadísticos incluyeron pruebas de chi cuadrado y t de Student. El nivel de significancia fue de p&lt;0,05. Resultados: La frecuencia de AMF fue del 17% y la distancia promedio AL - MF fue de 4,76 ± 1,97 mm. Las medidas del borde anterior de AL y MF al borde inferior mandibular mostraron diferencias significativas según el sexo (p &lt;0,001 y p=0,009, respectivamente). Conclusión: La prevalencia de HMA fue aproximadamente del 17%. No existe asociación entre la posición del AMF y su morfología, sexo o lado evaluado. Las distancias desde el borde anterior del AL y desde el borde inferior del MF al borde inferior mandibular fueron mayores en los varones. Estos hallazgos deben tenerse en cuenta al planificar la colocación de implantes o mini-implantes en esta región

Concordance of the facial biotype between Bjork-Jarabak cephalometrics and photographic analysis of the facial opening angle

Analysis of the facial biotype can provide useful information for orthodontic diagnosis and can determine the type of growth of a patient to guide orthodontic treatment. The objective of this study was to determine the concordance of the facial biotype according to Bjork-Jarabak cephalometric analysis and photographic analysis of the angle of facial opening in Peruvian individuals.This retrospective study included 244 cephalometric radiographs and frontal photographs of the same patients obtained from a database. The facial biotype (mesofacial, brachyfacial, or dolichofacial) was determined with the Björk-Jarabak polygon (cephalometric) and the angle of facial opening (photographic). Two trained investigators performed all the measurements. The concordance of the facial diagnosis was determined using correlations of the interclass coefficient and the kappa test. p<0.05 In cases with a mesofacial biotype, both analyses coincided in 60 individuals (68.2%), while in those diagnosed with a dolichofacial biotype, the analyses only coincided in 17 individuals (10.4%). There was no concordance between the two methods regarding the brachyfacial biotype since according to the angle of facial opening none of the individuals presented a brachyfacial biotype (kappa weighted test= 0.020, p=0.586).Cephalometric and photographic analyses should be complementary and one should not substitute the other. Attention should be focused on dolichofacial and brachyfacial biotypes, which showed less concordance between evaluations. So, more studies are needed to follow this line of research