Evidence for rangewide panmixia despite multiple barriers to dispersal in a marine mussel

Oceanographic features shape the distributional and genetic patterns of marine species by interrupting or promoting connections among populations. Although general patterns commonly arise, distributional ranges and genetic structure are species-specific and do not always comply with the expected trends. By applying a multimarker genetic approach combined with Lagrangian particle simulations (LPS) we tested the hypothesis that oceanographic features along northeastern Atlantic and Mediterranean shores influence dispersal potential and genetic structure of the intertidal mussel Perna perna. Additionally, by performing environmental niche modelling we assessed the potential and realized niche of P. perna along its entire native distributional range and the environmental factors that best explain its realized distribution. Perna perna showed evidence of panmixia across > 4,000 km despite several oceanographic breaking points detected by LPS. This is probably the result of a combination of life history traits, continuous habitat availability and stepping-stone dynamics. Moreover, the niche modelling framework depicted minimum sea surface temperatures (SST) as the major factor shaping P. perna distributional range limits along its native areas. Forthcoming warming SST is expected to further change these limits and allow the species to expand its range polewards though this may be accompanied by retreat from warmer areas.Fundacao para a Ciencia e Tecnologia (FCT-MEC, Portugal) [UID/Multi/04326/2013, IF/01413/2014/CP1217/CT0004]; South African Research Chairs Initiative (SARChI) of the Department of Science and Technology; National Research Foundation; South African National Research Foundation (NRF); Portuguese Fundacao para a Ciencia e Tecnologia (FCT) [SFRH/BPD/85040/2012, SFRH/BPD/111003/2015]info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

American College of Critical Care Medicine Clinical Practice Parameters for Hemodynamic Support of Pediatric and Neonatal Septic Shock

OBJECTIVES: The American College of Critical Care Medicine provided 2002 and 2007 guidelines for hemodynamic support of newborn and pediatric septic shock. Provide the 2014 update of the 2007 American College of Critical Care Medicine “Clinical Guidelines for Hemodynamic Support of Neonates and Children with Septic Shock.” DESIGN: Society of Critical Care Medicine members were identified from general solicitation at Society of Critical Care Medicine Educational and Scientific Symposia (2006–2014). The PubMed/Medline/Embase literature (2006–14) was searched by the Society of Critical Care Medicine librarian using the keywords: sepsis, septicemia, septic shock, endotoxemia, persistent pulmonary hypertension, nitric oxide, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, and American College of Critical Care Medicine guidelines in the newborn and pediatric age groups. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: The 2002 and 2007 guidelines were widely disseminated, translated into Spanish and Portuguese, and incorporated into Society of Critical Care Medicine and American Heart Association/Pediatric Advanced Life Support sanctioned recommendations. The review of new literature highlights two tertiary pediatric centers that implemented quality improvement initiatives to improve early septic shock recognition and first-hour compliance to these guidelines. Improved compliance reduced hospital mortality from 4% to 2%. Analysis of Global Sepsis Initiative data in resource rich developed and developing nations further showed improved hospital mortality with compliance to first-hour and stabilization guideline recommendations. CONCLUSIONS: The major new recommendation in the 2014 update is consideration of institution—specific use of 1) a “recognition bundle” containing a trigger tool for rapid identification of patients with septic shock, 2) a “resuscitation and stabilization bundle” to help adherence to best practice principles, and 3) a “performance bundle” to identify and overcome perceived barriers to the pursuit of best practice principles

Desafios para a rede nacional de laboratórios de vigilância sanitária: o caso dos medicamentos manipulados Challenges to the national network of sanitary surveillance laboratories: the case of manipulated drugs

A partir da pesquisa "Situação dos medicamentos manipulados (MMs) nos laboratórios de vigilância sanitária (LVS)", produto do convênio Ensp/Anvisa, apresentam-se e problematizam-se elementos que possam contribuir para a reflexão sobre a estruturação da Rede Nacional de LVS no enfrentamento de demandas analíticas, usando os MMs como organizadores da discussão. Identificaram-se os laboratórios públicos (LP) que avaliaram MMs no período de 2000 a 2005, perscrutaram-se seus analistas e as amostras e escolheram-se três laboratórios para visita. Analisou-se o processamento da amostra desde sua entrada até a emissão do laudo. O estudo das amostras de MMs possibilitou identificar: os requerentes e a documentação da amostra; os LVS executores e como recebem, processam e respondem à demanda das solicitações de análises. Os requerentes são o Judiciário (20%) e a Visa (74%). Demandas infundadas somam 25%. Sete LVS analisaram MMs. 45% das amostras passaram antes por 15 LP; RH insuficiente para a complexidade analítica das denúncias; pouca cultura institucional em lidar com amostras de MMs e da Visa; 31% das amostras sem conclusão. 40% dos laudos satisfatórios e 23% dos insatisfatórios não realizaram ensaios adequados à resposta dos motivos da demanda. Os LVS precisam avaliar seu processo de trabalho.<br>From the research on the "Status of Pharmacy Formulated Medicines (PFM) in health surveillance laboratories (HSL)" as result of an agreement between Ensp and Anvisa, we present and question issues that may contribute for reflections about the National Network of HSL organization in confronting analytical demands, having PFMs as discussion organizers. The Public Laboratories (PL) that evaluated PFMs from 2000 to 2005 were identified; its analysts and samples were scanned, and three laboratories were selected to be visited. Sample processing was analyzed from its entry till the final report's issuance. Samples study allowed identifying: applicants and sample's documents; HSL executors and how they receive, process and reply the analysis requests demands. Applicants are judiciary (20%) and the health surveillance (HS) (74%). Baseless claims represent 25%. Seven HSL analyzed PFMs. 45% of the samples previously passed by 15 PL; HR were insufficient to meet the claims' analytical complexity; little institutional culture in dealing with samples of PFM and HS; 31% of samples have no conclusion; 40% of the satisfactory reports and 23% of the unsatisfactory have not conducted adequate tests to answer the demand's reasons. In conclusion, HSLs must evaluate their working process