Laboratory Animals: Unification of Legislation in Europe

A committee of experts, Comite Ad Hoc pour Ia Protection des Animaux (CAHPA), has been convened by the Council of Europe to prepare a European convention on the protection of laboratory animals. The chief goal of the Council of Europe is to implement peaceful cooperation concerning cultural, economic, and social affairs in Europe. Matters of military concern are excluded. The countries represented on the Council include Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Denmark, the Federal Republic of Germany, France, Greece, Great Britain, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands, Norway, Spain, Turkey, Sweden, and Switzerland. The Council holds conventions on various topics of broad regional interest. Some of the most important documents produced by its conventions have included the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms in 1950 and the European Social Charter in 1960

It\u27s Alive: Margaret Cavendish on Matter, Order, and God

Margaret Cavendish is widely regarded as a vitalist: she considers all matter as alive, including an endowment with mental capacities, and rejects dualism. She rejects two important motives for dualism in the period. She agrees with her Cambridge Platonist contemporaries, More and Cudworth (and many others) that the order in nature ultimately comes from God’s plans. But she rejects their view that matter can’t execute God’s commands and that their execution requires immaterial entities. For Cavendish matter is shot through with rationality and the power to implement plans. This conception of matter comes with an utter rejection of the other prominent motive for dualism: the traditional view that human beings are distinguished from the rest of nature in virtue of their rationality and freedom. This talk is part of a (much) longer paper that I am writing with Alison Simmons on Margaret Cavendish and Anne Conway

Laboratory Animals: Unification of Legislation in Europe

A committee of experts within the Council of Europe is currently making preparations for a European convention on the protection of laboratory animals. The committee has been designated as the Comite Ad Hoc pour Ia Protection des Animaux (CAHPA). The Council of Europe, the sponsoring organization, is an institution whose chief goal is the peaceful cooperation of most European countries concerning cultural, economic, and social affairs; expressly excluded are matters of military concern. The countries represented on the Council include Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Denmark, the Federal Republic of Germany, France, Greec:e, Great Britain, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Liechtenstein, Luxemburg, Malta, the Netherlands, Norway, Spain, Turkey, Sweden, and Switzerland. As part of its work, the Council holds conventions on various topics of broad human interest. Some of the most important documents produced by its conventions have included the Treaty of Rome (Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, 1950) and the European Social Charter (1960)

Slapende rechters, dwalende rechtspsychologen en het hypothetische karakter van feitelijke oordelen.

In their book De slapende rechter (The sleeping judge) Dutch legal psychologists W.A. Wagenaar, H. Israëls and P.J. van Koppen claim that Dutch judges wrongfully convict suspects in certain cases because these judges generally fail to understand the way hypothetical reasoning works in relation to empirical evidence. In this article it is argued that Wagenaar, Israëls and Van Koppen are basically right in their claim that reasoning on evidence in criminal cases should be a form of hypothetical reasoning. However, they fail to apply this form of reasoning on their own analysis of Dutch criminal cases and the causes of wrongful convictions. Therefore, their conclusion that a form of revision of convictions outside of the criminal law system should be introduced does not meet their own methodological standards