Treatment of wastewater sludge by liquid state bioconversion process

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of an eminent decay fungus, Phanerocheate chrysosporium of organic residues on wastewater sludge for its improvement through decomposition and separation of waste particles by Liquid State Bioconversion (LSB). The effect of fungal treatment was compared to uninoculated (Control) at three dif- ferent harvests 7, 14 and 21 days after inoculation (DAI). The observed results showed that the weight loss and solid content of wastewater sludge were significantly influenced by Phanerocheate chrysosporium. Both para- meters were highly influenced at 7 DAI. The COD and pH of wastewater sludge were also highly influenced by fungal treatment

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Not AvailableBackground- Ducks (Anas platyrhynchos) an economically important waterfowl for meat, eggs and feathers; is also a natural reservoir for influenza A viruses. The emergence of novel viruses is attributed to the status of co-existence of multiple types and subtypes of viruses in the reservoir hosts. For effective prediction of future viral epidemic or pandemic an in-depth understanding of the virome status in the key reservoir species is highly essential. Methods- To obtain an unbiased measure of viral diversity in the enteric tract of ducks by viral metagenomic approach, we deep sequenced the viral nucleic acid extracted from cloacal swabs collected from the flock of 23 ducks which shared the water bodies with wild migratory birds. Result- In total 7,455,180 reads with average length of 146 bases were generated of which 7,354,300 reads were de novo assembled into 24,945 contigs with an average length of 220 bases and the remaining 100,880 reads were singletons. The duck virome were identified by sequence similarity comparisons of contigs and singletons (BLASTx E score, <10−3) against viral reference database. Numerous duck virome sequences were homologous to the animal virus of the Papillomaviridae family; and phages of the Caudovirales, Inoviridae, Tectiviridae, Microviridae families and unclassified phages. Further, several duck virome sequences had homologous with the insect viruses of the Poxviridae, Alphatetraviridae, Baculoviridae, Densovirinae, Iflaviridae and Dicistroviridae families; and plant viruses of the Secoviridae, Virgaviridae, Tombusviridae and Partitiviridae families, which reflects the diet and habitation of ducks. Conclusion- This study increases our understanding of the viral diversity and expands the knowledge about the spectrum of viruses harboured in the enteric tract of ducks.Not Availabl

CLIP-170S is a microtubule +TIP variant that confers resistance to taxanes by impairing drug-target engagement

73 p.-5 fig.-1 tab.-11 fig supl.-2 vid. supl.Taxanes are widely used cancer chemotherapeutics. However, intrinsic resistance limits their efficacy without any actionable resistance mechanism. We have discovered a microtubule (MT) plus-end-binding CLIP-170 protein variant, hereafter CLIP-170S, which we found enriched in taxane-resistant cell lines and patient samples. CLIP-170S lacks the first Cap-Gly motif, forms longer comets, and impairs taxane access to its MT luminal binding site. CLIP-170S knockdown reversed taxane resistance in cells and xenografts, whereas its re-expression led to resistance, suggesting causation. Using a computational approach in conjunction with the connectivity map, we unexpectedly discovered that Imatinib was predicted to reverse CLIP-170S-mediated taxane resistance. Indeed, Imatinib treatment selectively depleted CLIP-170S, thus completely reversing taxane resistance. Other RTK inhibitors also depleted CLIP-170S, suggesting a class effect. Herein, we identify CLIP-170S as a clinically prevalent variant that confers taxane resistance, whereas the discovery of Imatinib as a CLIP-170S inhibitor provides novel therapeutic opportunities for future trials.This work was supported in part by the NIH T32 training grant 5T32CA062948 (to K.K.), the NIH T32 training grant 5T32CA062948 (to G.G.), the NIH T32 training grant 5T32CA203702 (to U.D.C.) by Clinical and Translational Science Center at Weill Cornell Medicine NIH/NCATS grant ULTR00457 (to G.G.), the NIH/NCI R01CA228512 (to P.G., M.A.S., and O.E.), NIH/NCI R21 CA216800 (to P.G.), NIH/NCI R01 CA179100 (to P.G.), DoD PC180637 (P.G., A.R.C.), and by the Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad grant BFU2016-75319-R and European Union H2020-MSCA-ITN-ETN/0582 ITN TUBINTRAIN (awarded to J.F.D.). D.S. was supported by the Intramural Research Program of the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH. Y.L. and M.A.S. were supported, in part, by funds from the Clinical and Translational Science Center (CTSC), National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS) of the National Institutes of Health, award # UL1-TR002384-01.Peer reviewe