30,331 research outputs found
Quadrupole anisotropy from photon quantum effects
We consider quantum effects of an electromagnetic field in a
radiation-dominated almost FRW spacetime. The dominant non-local quantum
correction to the photon distribution is a quadrupole moment, corresponding to
an effective anisotropic pressure in the energy-momentum tensor.Comment: 11 pages LaTeX, no figures; to appear in General Relativity and
Gravitatio
New nonlinear coherent states and some of their nonclassical properties
We construct a displacement operator type nonlinear coherent state and
examine some of its properties. In particular it is shown that this nonlinear
coherent state exhibits nonclassical properties like squeezing and
sub-Poissonian behaviour.Comment: 3 eps figures. to appear in J.Opt
Nucleophilicity/Electrophilicity Excess in Analyzing Molecular Electronics
Intramolecular electron transfer capability of all metal aromatic and
anti-aromatic aluminum cluster compounds is studied in terms of density
functional theory based global and local reactivity descriptors. This study
will provide important inputs towards the fabrication of the material required
for molecular electronics.Comment: 21 pages, 6 figures, 13 table
FISCAL CONSOLIDATION AND DECENTRALISATION: A TALE OF TWO TIERS
This paper contributes to the established literature on fiscal consolidations (e.g. Alesina and Perotti, 1995, 1997, Alesina et al, 1998) by investigating the distinct behaviour of central and sub-central tiers of government during general government consolidation attempts. In the light of different degrees of decentralisation across OECD countries, and the different responsibilities devolved to sub-central tiers, we believe that this approach offers an illuminating insight into the analysis of fiscal consolidations and their success. We show that the involvement of the sub-central tiers of government is crucial to achieving cuts in expenditure, particularly in relation to the overall size of the government wage bill. In addition, central governments appear to exert a strong influence on the expenditure of subcentral tiers through their grant allocations, and control of these allocations appears to have a considerable impact upon the overall success of consolidation attempts. Finally we demonstrate that there is a skewness in cuts towards sub-central capital expenditure both when central governments cut grant allocations and when sub-central governments engage in lone consolidation attempts.
Fiscal Federalism and Fiscal Consolidation: Evidence from an Event Study
Fiscal consolidations, episodes where governments make large discretionary improvements in their fiscal positions, have received considerable attention, especially in EMU. The existing literature demonstrates that the composition of consolidations is a crucial determinant of their success. We show that sub-central governments also play a key role in consolidations through sustained cuts in expenditures, as their intergovernmental grants are cut. In contrast to existing studies we find that cuts in capital spending at sub-central levels are a feature of successful consolidations. We also show that the government type and the nature of fiscal arrangements in a country impact on these results.
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