A case study of eight type 2 diabetic stage 4 chronic kidney disease patients showing lower glycemic variability with faster-acting insulin aspart as compared to insulin aspart

Background. Peaks and nadirs of blood glucose level varying daily in a person is referred to as glycemic variability (GV). GV associated with diabetics has been recently linked to cardiovascular disorders (CVD) or even chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression. Faster-acting insulin aspart is the latest ultra-rapid acting bolus insulin which has shown much lesser intra- and inter-patient variability as compared to conventional bolus insulin. Material and methods. However, inadequate data exist regarding GV in patients with advanced stages of CKD. Hence, with this objective, the present case study was undertaken with eight patients divided into two equal groups, wherein faster-acting insulin aspart and insulin aspart were used as the boluses, respectively. Continuous glucose monitoring data of the patients were taken for the initial four days to calculate mean amplitude of glycemic excursion (MAGE) of the total four days for each individual (mmol/L) to see the difference in GV. A value of > 3.607 mmol/L (65 mg/dL) was considered to be statistically significant. Results. In this case study of eight stage 4 CKD type 2 diabetic patients, statistically significant lower GV was observed in the faster-acting insulin aspart arm when compared with the insulin aspart arm. The pvalue was 0.0004 in unpaired t-test and < 0.05 for U in Mann-Whitney U test after ruling out the baseline confounding factors. Conclusions. This study confirms the stable pharmacokinetic and dynamic properties of faster-acting insulin aspart and subsequent studies with larger numer of patients are required for a conclusive outcome

Investigation of an outbreak of varicella in a village of Goalpara District, India

Background: Chickenpox or varicella is a viral disease caused by varicella-zoster virus (VZV) with different complications. Due to traditional belief peoples/villagers avoids treatment and follows some traditional remedies and folk medicine. To change this thinking of villager’s health awareness is mandatory. The main aim of the study was control the outbreak and minimizes the future transmission.Methods: An outbreak was investigated in a village of Goalpara district of Assam, India after getting the permission from DHS (District Health Society). Total 42 (Forty two) numbers of patients affected out of 953 (Nine hundred fifty three) numbers of villagers. Blood samples were collected and serum obtained from the samples.Results: The serum samples were tested for VZV IgM ELISA and found 88.09 % patients positive for VZV. Hygiene was observed very poor during our investigation.Conclusions: Health awareness given to the all villagers and patients were treated symptomatically. Immunization, Proper nutrition, Improve living behavior etc can reduce the rate of outbreak

Relationship of depth of invasion of tumour with neck node metastasis in oral squamous cell carcinoma: a clinico pathological correlation

Background: Squamous cell carcinomas of the oral cavity are relatively common among the head and neck cancers. The increasing depth of invasion (DOI) and the microvascular proliferation caused by neoplastic growth might determine proximity to blood vessels and lymphatics, thus facilitating the tumor’s ability to metastasize. The role of tumour DOI as a prognostic parameter for the development of nodal metastases and for the survival of patients with OSCC are important. Aim of the study was to determine the relationship of the DOI of tumor with the neck node metastasis in squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity.Methods: This study is conducted in the State cancer institute, Gauhati medical college over a period of 1 year from June 2021 to June 2022 among 100 patients. All patients underwent tumor resection with neck dissection, and the DOI is measured.Results: Out of 100 patients included in the study 66 were males and 34 were females. Maximum number of cases 30% were seen in the age group of 51-60 years. Gingivobuccal sulcus (32%) is the most commonly involved site. Maximum number of nodal meta-stasis present in tumours with DOI>11 mm and minimum nodal metastasis present in tumours with DOI<3 mm.   Conclusions: We conclude that tumor DOI is significantly related with neck nodal metastasis in oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma

A Novel Aptamer LL4A Specifically Targets Vemurafenib-Resistant Melanoma through Binding to the CD63 Protein.

Melanoma is a highly aggressive tumor with a poor prognosis, and half of all melanoma patients harbor BRAF mutations. A BRAF inhibitor, vemurafenib (PLX4032), has been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and European Medicines Agency (EMA) to treat advanced melanoma patients with BRAFV600E mutation. However, the efficacy of vemurafenib is impeded by adaptive resistance in almost all patients. In this study, using a cell-based SELEX (systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment) strategy, we obtained a DNA aptamer (named LL4) with high affinity and specificity against vemurafenib-resistant melanoma cells. Optimized truncated form (LL4A) specifically binds to vemurafenib-resistant melanoma cells with dissociation constants in the nanomolar range and with excellent stability and low toxicity. Meanwhile, fluorescence imaging confirmed that LL4A significantly accumulated in tumors formed by vemurafenib-resistant melanoma cells, but not in control tumors formed by their corresponding parental cells in vivo. Further, a transmembrane protein CD63 was identified as the binding target of aptamer LL4A using a pull-down assay combined with the liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method. CD63 formed a supramolecular complex with TIMP1 and β1-integrin, activated the nuclear factor кB (NF-кB) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways, and contributed to vemurafenib resistance. Potentially, the aptamer LL4A may be used diagnostically and therapeutically in humans to treat targeted vemurafenib-resistant melanoma

Burden of head and neck cancers in Kamrup urban district cancer registry of Assam, India: a retrospective study

Background: Head and Neck cancers are basically squamous cell carcinomas. It is the fifth most common cancer and the sixth most common cause of cancer mortality in the world. Incidence of cancer as a whole for all sites is fourth highest in Kamrup Urban District (KUD) in males (AAR 185.2) and second highest (AAR 156.3) in females out of all Population Based Cancer Registries (PBCR) in India. Incidence of head and neck cancers in KUD is quite high both nationally and internationally. This retrospective study was carried out to assess the incidence pattern of head and neck cancers in Kamrup Urban District of Assam, India for the period of 2009-2011.  Methods: Cancer is not notifiable in India, so method of collecting information on cancer was active in PBCR Guwahati. A total of 4416 cases were registered during the three years (1st January 2009- 31st December 2011) of which 2508 were male and 1908 female. Statistical analysis used: Age Adjusted Rate (AAR), Crude Rate (CR) and Population pyramids are provided by NCRP-ICMR.Results: The relative proportion of head and neck cancers of total cancer cases registered in KUD constitutes 26% (654/2508) and 12% (225/1908) in male and female respectively. In males cancer of hypopharynx (AAR 14.7) was most common followed by tongue (AAR 9.4) and mouth (AAR 7.7). In females cancer of mouth (AAR 7.6) is most common followed by cancer of tongue (AAR 3.2).Conclusion: The pattern and incidence of various head and neck cancers is of utmost importance for primary prevention and early detection to adequately manage these cancers comprehensively in the community.

Deubiquitylase USP7 regulates human terminal erythroid differentiation by stabilizing GATA1

Ubiquitination is an enzymatic post-translational modification that affects protein fate. The ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) was first discovered in reticulocytes where it plays important roles in reticulocyte maturation. Recent studies have revealed that ubiquitination is a dynamic and reversible process and that deubiquitylases are capable of removing ubiquitin from their protein substrates. Given the fact that the UPS is highly active in reticulocytes, it is speculated that deubiquitylases may play important roles in erythropoiesis. Yet, the role of deubiquitylases in erythropoiesis remains largely unexplored. In the present study, we found that the expression of deubiquitylase USP7 is significantly increased during human terminal erythroid differentiation. We further showed that interfering with USP7 function, either by short hairpin RNA-mediated knockdown or USP7-specific inhibitors, impaired human terminal erythroid differentiation due to decreased GATA1 level and that restoration of GATA1 levels rescued the differentiation defect. Mechanistically, USP7 deficiency led to a decreased GATA1 protein level that could be reversed by proteasome inhibitors. Furthermore, USP7 interacts directly with GATA1 and catalyzes the removal of K48-linked poly ubiquitylation chains conjugated onto GATA1, thereby stabilizing GATA1 protein. Collectively, our findings have identified an important role of a deubiquitylase in human terminal erythroid differentiation by stabilizing GATA1, the master regulator of erythropoiesis

Investigation of an outbreak of varicella in a village of Goalpara District, India

Background: Chickenpox or varicella is a viral disease caused by varicella-zoster virus (VZV) with different complications. Due to traditional belief peoples/villagers avoids treatment and follows some traditional remedies and folk medicine. To change this thinking of villager’s health awareness is mandatory. The main aim of the study was control the outbreak and minimizes the future transmission.Methods: An outbreak was investigated in a village of Goalpara district of Assam, India after getting the permission from DHS (District Health Society). Total 42 (Forty two) numbers of patients affected out of 953 (Nine hundred fifty three) numbers of villagers. Blood samples were collected and serum obtained from the samples.Results: The serum samples were tested for VZV IgM ELISA and found 88.09 % patients positive for VZV. Hygiene was observed very poor during our investigation.Conclusions: Health awareness given to the all villagers and patients were treated symptomatically. Immunization, Proper nutrition, Improve living behavior etc can reduce the rate of outbreak