Effective Marketing Strategies to Reach Mobile Users

Reaching users on mobile devices has never been more critical for retailers given the ubiquitous use of mobile devices. U.S. consumers who shop online are using personal computers less and mobile devices more when doing so. The purpose of this single case study was to explore mobile device marketing strategies used by retail marketing leaders to reach mobile users effectively. Rogers\u27s diffusion of innovation theory provided the conceptual framework for the study. Participants included a purposeful sample of 8 marketing managers employed by a Fortune 1000 retail organization in the Pacific Northwest. Data collected via in-person, semistructured interviews and a review of the marketing plan documents were thematically analyzed and methodically triangulated. There were 11 themes that emerged from the interviews and marketing plan document review. The results indicated that mobile marketing managers could focus their efforts on 3 of the 11 themes to reach mobile users. The 3 primary themes included getting close to their customers to learn about customers\u27 preferences, gathering and using big data in an intelligent way, and tailoring experiences by sending messages and offers at times when users are most likely to transact. Results from this study may foster positive social change by increasing profits within the organization as a result of more effective mobile device marketing strategies. The profits retailers generate through effective mobile device marketing strategies could allow them to provide additional community support through charitable donations and provide additional support through the creation of new positions within the community

Inferential Intuitive and Analytic Thought Processes in Criminal Investigative Decision

According to previous researchers police detectives\u27 decisional thought processes correlate with investigative accuracy and these decisional thought processes consist of inferential intuitive and analytic thought processes. Researchers have established investigative decisional dual process use but have not established United States police detectives\u27 conceptualization of decisional inferential intuitive and analytic thought processes in criminal investigations in which they partook. The purpose of this qualitative study was to explore 11 United States police detectives\u27 conceptualizations of decisional thought processes based on criminal investigations in which they partook. Dual process theory framed this study. Using narrative inquiry research, individual face-to-face interviews were analyzed thematically and structurally. The results of this analysis indicated significant themes associated with inferential intuitive and analytic thought process conceptualizations. Themes that were established were: (a) inferential intuitive starting points, (b) inferential intuitive information, (c) inferential intuitive experience driven, (d) inferential intuitive value, (e) inferential intuitive fallible, (f) analytic mandatory, (g) analytic purpose, (h) analytic collaborative. Police detectives, as well as society as a whole, may benefit from the results of this study through enhanced investigative training and education. Enhanced investigative training and education may result in a reduction of investigative decisional errors

Cooperação Sul-Sul O Mesmo Jogo de Sempre ou um Novo Paradigma?

Esta Poverty in Focus está sendo lançada para marcar eventos importantes para o Sul Global que acontecerão em Brasília: as cúpulas Índia-Brasil-África do Sul (IBAS) e Brasil-Rússia-Índia-China (BRIC). O Centro Internacional de Políticas para o Crescimento Inclusivo (CIP-CI), com sede em Brasília, tem o privilégio de estar estreitamente envolvido em uma série de atividades relacionadas às cúpulas, especialmente na organização do ?Fórum Acadêmico: um Diálogo sobre Políticas?, durante a reunião do IBAS. Acredito que estas reuniões terão uma forte ressonância no futuro da cooperação Sul-Sul. A primeira década do século XXI tem sido marcada pela interseção de três debates que, anteriormente, haviam sido realizados em âmbitos separados, com interações limitadas. Tradicionalmente, o debate sobre a governança econômica global tem ocorrido no G-8 e nos debates associados à governança promovidos pelo Banco Mundial, Fundo Monetário Internacional e pela Organização Mundial do Comércio. O debate sobre a cooperação para o desenvolvimento tem sido, em grande parte, realizado a partir do ponto de vista dos doadores e tem sido voltado principalmente para a questão da ajuda internacional, seja com posicionamento a favor ou contra. As estratégias de política externa tem sido vistas principalmente a partir do foco dos interesses estratégicos nacionais e, com exceção de iniciativas específicas enraizadas na história da Guerra Fria, foram tipicamente bilaterais em âmbito e natureza, com exceção no caso das antigas e atuais superpotências. (...)Cooperação Sul-Sul O Mesmo Jogo de Sempre ou um Novo Paradigma?

A Long-Term siRNA Strategy Regulates Fibronectin Overexpression and Improves Vascular Lesions in Retinas of Diabetic Rats

Purpose: A sustained gene modulatory strategy is necessary for regulating abnormal gene expression in diabetic retinopathy, a long-term complication. We investigated the efficacy of a small interference RNA (siRNA) strategy in mediating the long-term downregulatory effect of fibronectin (FN) overexpression in vivo. Methods: Streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats were intravitreally injected with 3 µM of FN-siRNA at six week intervals over a period of 4.5 months. Retinal FN protein expression, vascular basement membrane (BM) thickness, and retinal vascular cell loss were assessed by western blot, electron microscopy, and retinal trypsin digest, respectively. Results: Retinal FN expression and BM thickness were significantly increased in diabetic rat retinas compared to those in non-diabetic control rats (188±14.2% of control versus 100±7.4% of control, p Conclusions: These findings suggest that BM thickening is an important target for preventing vascular cell loss in a diabetic retina, and that the siRNA approach could be useful for long-term gene modulation in diabetic retinopathy

Site-Embedded Professional Development as a Means to Increase Teachers\u27 Sense of Efficacy: Lessons from a Middle School Quasi-Experimental Study

The purpose of this quasi-experimental study was to provide site-embedded professional development and coaching support to middle school teachers in an attempt to increase their sense of efficacy for teaching even the most difficult students. The entire faculty (64 teachers) at Jordan Ridge Middle School participated in this intervention. The theoretical framework used to guide this study was conceptual change theory (Pintrich, Marx, & Boyle, 1993); specifically, Gregoire\u27s (2003) Cognitive-Affective Model of Conceptual Change (CAMCC) informed the design and interpretation of the intervention. A 33-item adaptation of the Teachers\u27 Sense of Efficacy Scale (TSES, Tschannen-Moran and Hoy, 2007) served as a quantitative measure and was administered to teachers at Jordan Ridge Middle School as a pre- and post- test. The same measure was administered to teachers at a neighboring school with similar demographics as a post-test to serve as a comparison. Additionally, qualitative data were gathered in the form of survey open response questions as well as monthly end-of class reflections in order to further illuminate the quantitative findings. The study\u27s findings indicate that providing targeted, responsive, collaborative professional learning opportunities to teachers in the context of their own school may favorably influence their sense of efficacy. This study has practical and theoretical implications for the ways in which K12 teachers are provided opportunities for professional learning and growth

Pharmacologic Management of Aggression in Adults with Intellectual Disability

Introduction: Aggression is a common behavioral problem seen in patients with intellectual disabilities (ID). The safety and efficacy of second generation antipsychotics (SGAs), mood stabilizers and antidepressants in the management of aggression in these individuals have minimally been studied. This review aims to 1) summarize the studies conducted using second generation antipsychotics, mood stabilizers and antidepressants in treating aggressive behaviors in patient with ID and 2) determine based on the existing literature, which medications have been examined in the most rigorous study design that might suggest the most efficacy for use in clinical practice.Methods: Literature searches using PUBMED Central, CINAHL Plus, PsychINFO, and Embase databases were conducted using the following terms: intellectual disability/disabilities, mental retardation, developmental disability/disabilities, aggression, agitation, behavior disorder, adult, treatment, management. Studies predominantly including children with ID, and autism/pervasive developmental disabilities spectrum disorders were excluded. Analyses were done by class of medication: SGAs, mood stabilizers and antidepressants. The primary outcome measure was reduction in aggressive or self injurious behaviors as measured by each individual study.Results: The most rigorous study designs found using these agents were randomized controlled trials (RCT). A total of 10 RCTs were found, the majority being with risperidone (3) and lithium (2). Treatment with risperidone showed reduction in aggression when compared to placebo in most RCTs with the exception of one study in which risperidone was not better than placebo. Both lithium studies showed reduction in aggression when compared to placebo. The most abundant literature exists in retrospective chart reviews. The most commonly studied agent was risperidone which showed reduction in aggression in majority of the studies.Conclusions: Limited data exists for treatment of aggression in adults with ID. There are very few studies examining pharmacologic agents using RCTs. Given that risperidone and lithium were the most commonly studied agents in the most rigorous experimental design, it is suggested that these two agents prove efficacious for treatment of aggression in patients with ID. Limitations to most of these studies included concomitant psychotropic administration with variations in types and dosing, severity of ID, and the idea that a wide variety of aggression scales were used to assess outcome. Further research with more scientific rigor is required in this field

Supplementary Figure 1

Supplemental data for Thalamic Gating of Auditory Responses in Telencephalic Song Control Nuclei

Thalamic Gating of Auditory Responses in Telencephalic Song Control Nuclei

In songbirds, nucleus Uvaeformis (Uva) is the sole thalamic input to the telencephalic nucleus HVC (used as a proper name), a sensorimotor structure essential to learned song production that also exhibits state dependent responses to auditory presentation of the bird’s own song (BOS). The role of Uva in influencing HVC auditory activity is unknown. Using in vivo extracellular and intracellular recordings in urethane-anesthetized zebra finches, we characterized the auditory properties of Uva and examined its influence on auditory activity in HVC and in the telencephalic nucleus interface (NIf), the main auditory afferent of HVC and a corecipient of Uva input. We found robust auditory activity in Uva and determined that Uva is innervated by the ventral nucleus of lateral lemniscus, an auditory brainstem component. Thus, Uva provides a direct linkage between the auditory brainstem and HVC. Although low-frequency electrical stimulation in Uva elicited short-latency depolarizing postsynaptic potentials in HVC neurons, reversibly silencing Uva exerted little effect on BOS-evoked activity in HVC neurons. However, high-frequency stimulation in Uva suppressed auditory-evoked synaptic and suprathreshold activity in all HVC neuron types, a process accompanied by decreased input resistance of individual HVC neurons. Furthermore, high-frequency stimulation in Uva simultaneously suppressed auditory activity in HVC and NIf. These results suggest that Uva can gate auditory responses in HVC through a mechanism that involves inhibition local to HVC as well as withdrawal of auditory-evoked excitatory drive from NIf. Thus, Uva could play an important role in state-dependent gating of auditory activity in telencephalic sensorimotor structures important to learned vocal control

AC Josephson effect in a gate-tunable Cd3_3As2_2 nanowire superconducting weak link

Three-dimensional topological Dirac semimetals have recently gained significant attention, since they possess exotic quantum states. When constructing Josephson junctions utilizing these materials as the weak link, the fractional ac Josephson effect emerges in the presence of a topological supercurrent contribution. We investigate the ac Josephson effect in a Dirac semimetal Cd$_3$As$_2$ nanowire using two complementary methods: by probing the radiation spectrum and by measuring Shapiro patterns. With both techniques, we find that conventional supercurrent dominates at all investigated doping levels and that any potentially present topological contribution falls below our detection threshold. The inclusion of thermal noise in a resistively and capacitively shunted junction (RCSJ) model allows us to reproduce the microwave characteristics of the junction. With this refinement, we explain how weak superconducting features can be masked and provide a framework to account for elevated electronic temperatures present in realistic experimental scenarios