159 research outputs found
Teaching to address diverse learning needs : development and validation of a differentiated instruction scale
In the province of Quebec, Canada, a trend towards full inclusion has impelled teachers to adapt their instruction to meet the needs of both advanced and weaker learners in regular school settings. The main purpose of the present investigation was to develop and validate the Differentiated Instruction Scale (DIS), which assesses the use of instructional adaptations and academic progress monitoring strategies in general education classrooms. A total of 125 elementary school teachers participated in a cross-sectional study, allowing us to develop and validate the DIS. Overall our results show that the DIS is composed of two factors that are consistent with the predicted constructs (instructional adaptations and academic progress monitoring). Evidence of convergent validity is provided through correlations among DIS' subscales and two criteria: (1) teachers' autonomy support and (2) perceptions of school climate. Results also reveal that teachers tend to use instructional adaptations that do not require much preparation or tailored instruction. The DIS could thus be used in future research to investigate outcomes of differentiated instruction. Moreover, it could provide useful information on optimal strategies for promoting learning in children with different abilities in general education classrooms
The big-fish-little-pond effect on academic self-concept : the moderating role of differentiated instruction
The big-fishâlittle-pond effect (BFLPE) postulates that class-average achievement has a negative effect on
students' academic self-concept. We hypothesized that teachers' use of differentiated instruction strategies
would attenuate the BFLPE on French self-concept (FSC). We also explored whether this moderation effect
depended on children's individual achievement (i.e., a three-way interaction among class-average achievement,
individual achievement, and differentiated instruction). Using hierarchical linear modeling, we tested this
moderation effect in a sample of 422 elementary students nested in 27 classrooms. The results showed that
the three-way interaction was significant. Simple slopes indicated a significant BFLPE only for students with
low individual achievement and for whom teachers reported less frequent use of differentiated instruction
strategies. Our findings provide insights into which students may be the most affected by the BFLPE and which
teaching practices can attenuate its negative consequences on students' FSC. We discuss results in relation to
the literature on the BFLPE and on differentiated instruction
Teacher structure as a predictor of studentsâ perceived competence and autonomous motivation : the moderating role of differentiated instruction
Background
An important pedagogical practice is the provision of structure (Farkas & Grolnick, 2010, Motiv. Emot., 34, 266). According to selfâdetermination theory (SDT; Deci & Ryan, 1985, Intrinsic motivation and selfâdetermination in human behavior, Plenum, New York, NY), structure allows students to develop perceived competence in different school subjects, which in turn facilitates the development of autonomous motivation towards these subjects and limits the development of controlled motivation.
Aims
In this study, we test a mediated moderation model that posits that teacher structure has a stronger positive effect on studentsâ autonomous motivation (and a negative effect on controlled motivation) in French class when differentiated instruction is used, and that this moderation effect is mediated by perceived competence.
Sample
To test this model, we used a sample of 27 elementary school teachers and 422 students from Quebec, a province of Canada.
Methods
Data for teachers and students were collected with selfâreport measures. The method used was a correlational one with a single measurement time.
Results
Results revealed that (1) the effect of teacher structure on studentsâ autonomous motivation was positive only when differentiated instruction strategies were frequently used, and this moderated effect was partially mediated by perceived competence, and (2) teacher structure was negatively associated with studentsâ controlled motivation only when differentiated instruction was provided infrequently, and this moderated effect was not explained by perceived competence.
Conclusions
These findings are discussed in the light of the literature on SDT and on differentiated instruction
Implantation dâun service dâĂ©cocentres rĂ©gional pour rĂ©pondre aux besoins de la MRC de la VallĂ©e-du-Richelieu
Les Ă©lus municipaux de la municipalitĂ© de comtĂ© de la VallĂ©e-du-Richelieu dĂ©sirent rĂ©pondre aux besoins constants de la gestion des matiĂšres rĂ©siduelles, tout en respectant les principes de dĂ©veloppement durable. Cet essai est formulĂ© afin de leur offrir des outils et ainsi faciliter la prise de dĂ©cision Ă lâimplantation dâun service dâĂ©cocentres adaptĂ© Ă son territoire.
Pour bien comprendre la situation actuelle et les enjeux, le corps de cet essai dĂ©bute avec le portrait quĂ©bĂ©cois de la gestion des matiĂšres rĂ©siduelles accompagnĂ© du contexte politique et lĂ©gislatif qui lâentoure. Sâensuit une caractĂ©risation des quantitĂ©s et types de matiĂšres circulant sur le territoire pour mieux connaĂźtre les besoins de services et dâinfrastructures adĂ©quats. Les avancĂ©es scientifiques, les filiĂšres dâavenir et les dĂ©bouchĂ©s potentiels sont recherchĂ©s pour fournir des notions avant-gardistes et permettre de traiter les matiĂšres dont la mise en valeur est actuellement dĂ©faillante.
Trois modĂšles dâĂ©cocentres diffĂ©rents sont visitĂ©s et analysĂ©s au niveau de lâamĂ©nagement, des matiĂšres qui y sont acceptĂ©es, de la gestion opĂ©rationnelle et administrative. Les Ă©cocentres Rose-Cohen Ă Sherbrooke, celui de la RĂ©gie rĂ©gionale de gestion des matiĂšres rĂ©siduelles Portneuf Ă Neuville, ainsi que celui de LaSalle Ă MontrĂ©al sont ceux choisis pour leur complĂ©mentaritĂ©. DĂ©coulent ensuite trois sections consacrĂ©es respectivement Ă lâĂ©tude des conditions dâamĂ©nagement, des facteurs de rentabilitĂ©s et des critĂšres dâacceptabilitĂ©s sociales.
Les Ă©lĂ©ments et facteurs clĂ©s sont discutĂ©s afin de dâĂ©tablir les conditions optimales du service dâĂ©cocentres selon les caractĂ©ristiques de la rĂ©gion de la VallĂ©e-du-Richelieu. Un tableau rĂ©sumant le niveau des coĂ»ts selon les aspects gĂ©rĂ©s par les Ă©cocentres est Ă©tabli. La section analyse se termine avec une sĂ©rie de mesures incitatives et de facteurs facilitants lâimplantation dâun Ă©cocentre.
Au final, ce travail permet dâĂ©noncer des recommandations dirigĂ©es envers le gouvernement provincial, la municipalitĂ© rĂ©gionale de comtĂ© de la VallĂ©e-du-Richelieu et ses municipalitĂ©s membres afin dâencourager la hiĂ©rarchie des 3RV-E et dâamĂ©liorer la gestion des matiĂšres rĂ©siduelles dans un contexte mixte urbain et rural
Le concept de soi et la motivation d'élÚves du primaire : rÎle modérateur de la différenciation pédagogique
Au QuĂ©bec, la politique dâadaptation scolaire en vigueur privilĂ©gie que les enfants ayant des difficultĂ©s dâapprentissage soient accueillis en classe rĂ©guliĂšre (MELS, 1999). Ce type dâenvironnement est donc caractĂ©risĂ© par une hĂ©tĂ©rogĂ©nĂ©itĂ© grandissante sur le plan des compĂ©tences, notamment en lecture et en Ă©criture. Les Ă©lĂšves des classes rĂ©guliĂšres, quâils aient des difficultĂ©s dâapprentissage ou quâils soient douĂ©s, nâont pas toujours accĂšs Ă des dĂ©fis optimaux qui correspondent Ă leur niveau dâhabiletĂ©, ce qui peut nuire Ă leur concept de soi et Ă leur motivation Ă lâĂ©cole (Marsh & Hau, 2003; Marsh, Trautwein, LĂŒdtke, & Köller, 2008; Nakamura & Csikszentmihalyi, 2002; Shernoff, Csikszentmihalyi, Schneider, & Shernoff, 2003; Tracey & Marsh, 2000). La diffĂ©renciation pĂ©dagogique est considĂ©rĂ©e comme une approche prometteuse pour favoriser la rĂ©ussite de tous les Ă©lĂšves en classe rĂ©guliĂšre (Tomlinson et al., 2003). Toutefois, peu dâĂ©tudes scientifiques ont cherchĂ© Ă comprendre ses effets sur le dĂ©veloppement social et lâajustement scolaire des Ă©lĂšves (Connor, Jakobsons, Crowe, & Meadows, 2009; Reis, McCoach, Little, Muller, & Burcu, 2011; Ysseldyke, Spicuzza, Koscioleck, Teelucksingh, et al., 2003). La prĂ©sente thĂšse vise donc Ă dĂ©velopper et valider une Ă©chelle de diffĂ©renciation pĂ©dagogique, Ă Ă©valuer dans quelle mesure cette pratique contribue Ă attĂ©nuer certains effets nĂ©gatifs de la comparaison sociale sur le concept de soi des Ă©lĂšves en français, et Ă vĂ©rifier si la diffĂ©renciation amĂ©liore lâeffet positif de la structure offerte par lâenseignant sur la perception de compĂ©tence et la motivation des Ă©lĂšves. Un Ă©chantillon composĂ© de 422 Ă©lĂšves de la 3e Ă la 6e annĂ©e du primaire provenant de 27 classes de diffĂ©rentes Ă©coles de la rĂ©gion de QuĂ©bec est utilisĂ©. Les rĂ©sultats des trois articles scientifiques Ă la base de cette thĂšse sont prĂ©sentĂ©s, de mĂȘme que leurs implications mĂ©thodologiques, thĂ©oriques et pratiques.In many countries, there is an increasing educational trend towards full inclusion, meaning that every child, disabled or not, should be taught in a regular classroom (Ferguson, 2008; Fuchs & Fuchs, 1994; Kavale, 2002). In Quebec, the Education Act and the Special Education Policy state that students at risk for school failure or with learning disabilities should receive instruction in the most natural environment (MELS, 1999). Regular classrooms have thus become more diverse in terms of childrenâs basic skills (e.g., reading and writing; Ferguson, 2008; McLeskey & Waldron, 2011). Accordingly, there is a need to implement instruction strategies that allow both advanced and weaker learners to succeed and develop their competencies by providing them with optimal challenges suited to their abilities (Corno, 2008). Differentiated instruction has been recognized as a promising practice. However, few studies have investigated the effects of this pedagogical practice on studentsâ social development and educational adjustment (Connor, Jakobsons, et al., 2009; Reis, McCoach, Little, Muller, & Burcu, 2011; Ysseldyke, Spicuzza, Koscioleck, Teelucksingh, et al., 2003). The purpose of this thesis was to develop and validate a self-report scale evaluating teachersâ use of differentiated instruction strategies, to verify whether this practice attenuates some negative consequences of social comparison on studentsâ French self-concept, and to investigate whether differentiated instruction increases the positive effect of teacher structure on childrenâs perceived competence and autonomous motivation. A sample of 422 students from 27 elementary school classrooms (third to sixth grades) was used. Results from the three articles included in the thesis, as well as their methodological, theoretical, and practical implications are discussed
Effet de la sibutramine sur le métabolisme de repos et postprandial et sur la consommation de glucides
Mémoire numérisé par la Direction des bibliothÚques de l'Université de Montréal
Les fondements d'une Ă©ducation humanisante et la motivation de futurs enseignants
La présente recherche comprend deux objectifs principaux. Le premier est d'établir les caractéristiques d'une éducation humanisante, c'est-à -dire une éducation qui offre aux étudiants et aux élÚves les conditions les plus favorables à leur développement intégral au sein de l'école. Les pratiques de gestion, les pratiques éducatives et l'environnement physique adéquats ainsi que la motivation des enseignants sont considérés comme étant les quatre principales conditions à mettre en place et sont discutées séparément à la lumiÚre des recherches et des démarches effectuées. Le deuxiÚme objectif du présent projet est d'étudier de façon plus approfondie la dimension relative à la motivation des enseignants. Pour ce faire, un questionnaire permettant de mesurer la motivation de futurs enseignants à l'égard d'activités éducatives favorisant le développement du potentiel humain des élÚves est développé et testé. La théorie retenue pour élaborer le questionnaire en question est celle de l'autodétermination (Deci et Ryan, 1985). Cette théorie propose cinq types de motivation : la motivation intrinsÚque, la motivation par régulation intégrée, la motivation par régulation identifiée, la motivation par régulation introjectee et la motivation par régulation externe. Bien que les résultats ne soient pas entiÚrement concluants, ils révÚlent que les futurs enseignants en début de parcours scolaire semblent entretenir une motivation plutÎt autodéterminée quant aux activités éducatives proposées et qui permettent de contribuer au développement humain des élÚves. Les résultats sont discutés à la lumiÚre d'études antérieures basées sur la théorie de l'autodétermination
Academic self-concept, autonomous academic motivation, and academic achievement : mediating and additive effects
Three conceptual models were tested to examine the relationships among academic self-concept, autonomous academic motivation, and academic achievement. This allowed us to determine whether 1) autonomous academic motivation mediates the relation between academic self-concept and achievement, 2) academic self-concept mediates the relation between autonomous academic motivation and achievement, or 3) both motivational constructs have an additive effect on academic achievement. A total of 925 high school students (404 boys and 521 girls) were asked to complete a questionnaire on two occasions separated by a year interval. Results from SEM analyses provided good support for the hypothesized model positing that autonomous academic motivation mediates the academic self-conceptâacademic achievement relation. Results are discussed in light of self-determination theory and self-concept theory
La prĂ©vention de l'hypoglycĂ©mie associĂ©e Ă lâactivitĂ© physique chez les adultes vivant avec le diabĂšte de type 1
ProblĂ©matique : La pratique dâactivitĂ© physique devrait ĂȘtre encouragĂ©e chez les individus avec le diabĂšte de type 1 (DbT1), mais est limitĂ©e par la crainte de l'hypoglycĂ©mie. Les personnes traitĂ©es avec la pompe Ă insuline peuvent rĂ©duire temporairement la perfusion dâinsuline basale. Pour un exercice Ă distance du repas, il sâagit de la mĂ©thode privilĂ©giĂ©e pour prĂ©venir lâhypoglycĂ©mie induite par lâexercice, mais aucune Ă©tude nâa validĂ© le moment optimal pour le faire. Objectif : Comparer lâefficacitĂ© de trois moments de rĂ©duction du dĂ©bit de base dâinsuline de 80%, soit au moment de dĂ©buter (T0), 20 minutes (T-20) ou 40 minutes (T-40) avant un exercice de 45 minutes sur vĂ©lo stationnaire dâintensitĂ© moyenne (60%VO2peak) pratiquĂ© 3 heures aprĂšs un repas standardisĂ©. RĂ©sultats : Aucune diffĂ©rence entre les stratĂ©gies quant au pourcentage du temps 4,0 mmol/L et au temps passĂ© entre 4,0-10,0 mmol/L nâa Ă©tĂ© observĂ©e. Avec T-40, quoique non significatif, la glycĂ©mie de dĂ©part Ă©tait plus Ă©levĂ©e, moins de participants ont eu besoin de consommer des glucides avant et pendant lâexercice et le dĂ©lai avant lâapparition de lâhypoglycĂ©mie Ă©tait plus long en comparaison avec T0 et T-20. Conclusion : Chez les personnes avec le DbT1 et traitĂ©es par pompe Ă insuline, la rĂ©duction de 80% du dĂ©bit basal dâinsuline 40 minutes avant un exercice de 45 minutes dâintensitĂ© moyenne effectuĂ© Ă distance du repas nâest pas suffisante pour rĂ©duire lâhypoglycĂ©mie. Dâautres Ă©tudes sont requises pour dĂ©terminer si cette rĂ©duction devrait ĂȘtre plus importante, plus hĂątive ou combinĂ©e Ă un apport en glucides.Rational : For its benefits, physical activity should be encouraged in individuals living with type 1 diabetes (T1D) but is limited by the fear of hypoglycemia. People treated with continuous subcutaneuous insulin infusion (insulin pump) have the option to temporarily reduce basal insulin infusion rate. For an exercise practiced in the late post-prandial phase, this is the preferred method for preventing exercise-induced hypoglycemia, but no study has validated the optimal timing to reduce basal insulin infusion. Objective: To compare the efficacy of three timings to decrease basal insulin infusion rate by 80%, either at the start (T0), 20 minutes (T-20), or 40 minutes (T-40) before a 45-min exercise on a stationary bicycle at moderate intensity (60% VO2peak) performed 3 hours after a standardized meal. Results: No significant difference between the three strategies in terms of percentage of time spent under 4.0 mmol/L and time spent between 4.0 and 10.0 mmol/L was observed. With a reduction at T-40, although not significant, the glucose level at exercise onset was higher, fewer participants needed additional carbohydrates before and during exercise, and the time to first hypoglycemia was longer in comparison with T0 and T-20. Conclusion: In people living with T1D and treated with an insulin pump, an 80% reduction in basal insulin infusion 40 minutes before a 45-min moderate intensity exercise practiced in a late post-prandial state is not enough to reduce hypoglycemia. Further studies are needed to determine whether this reduction should be greater, earlier and/or combined with carbohydrates
- âŠ