Le bien-être psychologique des francophones et des anglophones : le rôle des points tournants de l’histoire du Québec

La privation relative temporelle est le sentiment de menace ressenti par les individus suite à des comparaisons négatives entre la situation actuelle de leur groupe d'appartenance et la situation de leur groupe dans le passé. Les travaux empiriques antérieurs sur la privation relative temporelle ont identifié un lien prédictif modéré négatif entre la privation relative temporelle et le bien-être psychologique. Traditionnellement, les chercheurs qui ont évalué la privation relative temporelle demandaient aux individus de comparer la situation actuelle de leur groupe avec un seul point de comparaison dans le passé. L’objectif principal du présent texte vise à reconceptualiser la théorie de la privation relative temporelle dans le contexte québécois des anglophones et des francophones où plusieurs points tournants de l’histoire du Québec seront considérés.Temporal Relative Deprivation is the distressing feeling experienced by individuals following negative comparisons between the current and past situations of the group they belong to. Previous empirical studies on Temporal Relative Deprivation identified a modest negative predictive link between Temporal Relative Deprivation and psychological well-being. Traditionally, researchers who evaluated Temporal Relative Deprivation asked people to compare their current group situation with one single point of comparison in the past. The main objective of the present paper is to re-conceptualize Temporal Relative Deprivation Theory in the context of Quebec for Anglophones and Francophones, considering the key periods in Quebec’s history, being several points of comparison in the past

Immigrants in Québec: Toward an Explanation of How Multiple and Potentially Conflictual Linguistic Identities Become Integrated

The aim of this paper is to apply a newly developed theoretical model to the understanding of how a new linguistic identity becomes integrated in immigrants’ self-concept. While intergroup theories have addressed the situational changes in social identities, the longer-term processes underlying developmental changes in identities and their integration within the self remain to be identified. Relying on developmental and social cognitive principles, we aim to explain the specific processes by which a new linguistic identity develops and becomes integrated within the self over time. We focus on the particular situation of new immigrants in Québec who need to integrate new linguistic identities (French, English). The social factors that facilitate versus impede these change processes and the consequences associated with the integration of a new linguistic identity are also discussed.Cet article vise l’application d’un modèle théorique récemment développé afin de comprendre comment une nouvelle identité linguistique devient intégrée dans le concept de soi de nouveaux immigrants. Alors que les théories intergroupes classiques ont expliqué les changements situationnels dans les identités sociales, les changements plus profonds dans ces identités et leur intégration dans le soi restent à être identifiés. En nous basant sur des principes développementaux et cognitifs, les quatre stades du modèle seront élaborés afin d’expliquer les processus par lesquels une nouvelle identité linguistique devient intégrée dans le soi à travers le temps. Plus spécifiquement, nous nous penchons sur la situation vécue par les nouveaux immigrants qui, au Québec, doivent intégrer une et parfois deux nouvelles identités linguistiques (c.-à-d. le français et l’anglais). Les facteurs sociaux qui facilitent ou inhibent ces processus de changement identitaire et les conséquences associées à l’intégration d’une nouvelle identité linguistique sont aussi abordés

StepMix: A Python Package for Pseudo-Likelihood Estimation of Generalized Mixture Models with External Variables

StepMix is an open-source software package for the pseudo-likelihood estimation (one-, two- and three-step approaches) of generalized finite mixture models (latent profile and latent class analysis) with external variables (covariates and distal outcomes). In many applications in social sciences, the main objective is not only to cluster individuals into latent classes, but also to use these classes to develop more complex statistical models. These models generally divide into a measurement model that relates the latent classes to observed indicators, and a structural model that relates covariates and outcome variables to the latent classes. The measurement and structural models can be estimated jointly using the so-called one-step approach or sequentially using stepwise methods, which present significant advantages for practitioners regarding the interpretability of the estimated latent classes. In addition to the one-step approach, StepMix implements the most important stepwise estimation methods from the literature, including the bias-adjusted three-step methods with BCH and ML corrections and the more recent two-step approach. These pseudo-likelihood estimators are presented in this paper under a unified framework as specific expectation-maximization subroutines. To facilitate and promote their adoption among the data science community, StepMix follows the object-oriented design of the scikit-learn library and provides interfaces in both Python and R.Comment: Sacha Morin and Robin Legault contributed equall

Handling Planned and Unplanned Missing Data in a Longitudinal Study

While analyzing data, researchers are often faced with missing values. This is especially common in longitudinal studies in which participants might skip assessments. Unwanted missing data can introduce bias in the results and should thus be handled appropriately. However, researchers can sometimes want to include missing values in their data collection design to reduce its length and cost, a method called ``planned missingness.'' This paper review the recommended practices for handling both planned and unplanned missing data, with a focus on longitudinal studies. The current guidelines suggest to either use Full Information Maximum Likelihood or Multiple Imputation. Those techniques are illustrated with R code in the context of a longitudinal study with a representative Canadian sample on the psychological impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic

Coping with dramatic social change: Expanding the theoretical scope of relative deprivation theory

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Understanding the Relation Between Participating in the New Culture and Identification : Two Studies With Latin American Immigrants

Participation in a new culture and identification with a new culture are important issues faced by millions of immigrants today. Literature describes three possible relations between participation and identification. First, some researchers postulate that they are part of the basic acculturation phenomenon and hence equivalent (Model 1). Others postulate that either identification with a new culture encourages participation in it (Model 2) or participation helps identification with a new culture (Model 3). The goal of the present article was to determine which model best describes the relation between participating in a new culture and identification with it. In Study 1, Latin American immigrants (N = 146) answered a questionnaire, and the fit of each of the three models was compared using path analyses. Results showed that the best fitting model was one where participation in the new culture positively predicted identification with it. These results were confirmed in Study 2, where semistructured interviews of 15 immigrants were analyzed. The two studies in the present article help us understand the relation between participation in the new culture and identification as well as the scope of the changes brought on by immigration

LA PARTICIPATION ET L’IDENTIFICATION À UN NOUVEAU GROUPE SOCIAL : FONDEMENTS THÉORIQUES ET CONSÉQUENCES POUR L’IDENTITÉ D’ORIGINE

Le soi est malléable et capable d’intégrer de nouvelles identités sociales. Des recherches ont démontré que la participation à un nouveau groupe social prédit une plus forte identification à ce dernier. Par contre, ces recherches n’expliquent pas les mécanismes psychologiques responsables de cette identification accrue ainsi que ses conséquences sur l’identité d’origine. Dans cet article, nous proposons un modèle théorique qui caractérise ces éléments. Nous proposons que la participation à un nouveau groupe active 1) le besoin de cohérence et 2) la perception de typicalité. Ces deux mécanismes mènent à une plus forte identification à la nouvelle culture. Cette plus forte identification au nouveau groupe social peut être associée soit positivement (c.-à-d., patron additif) soit négativement (c.-à-d., patron soustractif) à l’identification au groupe d’origine. Dans ce modèle théorique, nous proposons que la relation entre la nouvelle identité et l’identité d’origine dépende du statut et des similarités perçues. Lorsque de grandes différences sont perçues et que le nouveau groupe est vu comme ayant un fort statut, une relation négative est attendue.The self is a malleable structure, capable of integrating new social identities. Research shows that participating in a new group predicts stronger identification with this group. However, previous literature does not specify the psychological mechanisms that could be responsible for this increase in identification with the new group, nor its consequences on the identity of origin. In the current article, we present a theoretical model in order to account for these missing explanations. More specifically, we propose that participating in a new group will activate 1) the need for coherence and 2) the perception of prototypicality. These two mechanisms promote stronger identification with the new cultural group. This stronger identification can, in turn, either be positively (i.e., an additive pattern) or negatively (i.e., a subtractive pattern) associated with the group of origin. In the current theoretical model, we propose that the relation between the new identity and the identity of origin depends on the perceived status and the perceived similarities between the groups. When great differences between groups are perceived, and when the new group is seen as having a high status, we expect a negative relation between identities to emerge

Participating in a new group and the identification processes: the quest for a positive social identity

Immigrants experience identity shifts; they can identify with the new cultural group and, sometimes, identify less with their group of origin. Previous research suggests that participation in the new cultural group predicts these two identity shifts. However, these studies have exclusively used correlational methodologies. Furthermore, previous research ignored that when a group is negatively valued, individuals may not identify with it, even after participating in it, to preserve a positive social identity. This article tests with an experimental methodology whether participation recreated the identity shifts previously identified (greater identification with the new group and lower identification with the group of origin when perceiving dissimilarity). Furthermore, it tested how a group's value impacted these identity shifts following participation. Immigrants in Quebec (N = 184) either participated in Quebec's culture (watched hockey) or did not (watched basketball). Quebec's value was manipulated by changing whether Quebec won, tied, or lost the game. Compared to watching basketball, watching Quebec's team win or tie showed the hypothesized identity shifts, illustrating the importance of the new group's value when participating

Psychological Metamorphosis: Understanding the Effects of Institutions, Roles and Dramatic Social Change on Individuals

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