Prevalence of Health Hazards: A Study on the Female Workers of Garment Industry in Gazipur District, Bangladesh.

The present study tries to find out the prevalence of health hazards among the female workers of the garment industry in Gazipur district, Bangladesh. This study focused on two sub-districts, Sreepur and Kaliakoir, of Gazipur district. Data for this study were collected from 100 female garment workers of Gazipur district. This study observes female workers in the industry consistently suffer from a range of physical health complexities such as headache, eye problem, hand pain and respiratory difficulties. This study also analyses the causes and measures to solve the health issues of female workers of the garment industry

The Contribution of Sir Maulana Abdur Rahim to Islamic Thought (On Women's and Workers Rights)

Maulana Abdur Rahim was one of the leading Muslim scholars in the Indian subcontinent during mid-20th century. He is well known for his Intellectual thoughts through various writings, especially the Islamization of human knowledge. Most of his works are to refute Western ideologies on the basis of Islamic literature. This study aims to explore two significant ideas from his writings. Firstly, the article explores how Maulana Abdur Rahim compared and analyzed women's rights according to Islamic and secular worldviews. Especially, secular scholars often criticized by stating that Muslim women had no right to participate in social activities.  Abdur Rahim refuted this type of argument and wrote that Islam allows Muslim women to participate in social activities.  Women just need to follow some principles of Islam and Islam is comprehensive religion to protect the rights of women in the best manner. Secondly, this paper will examine how he portrayed the rights of workers in Islam in comparison with capitalist and Marxist ideologies. Especially he said that the rights of workers in socialist and capitalist societies had been violated. Moreover, the only owner of the whole world is Allah, and we are all his slaves (Bandha). That is why the prevailing social inequality between workers and employers has no place in Islam. The qualitative method is used to do content analysis from his writings to comprehend how he compared and came up with solutions for Muslim society which is affected by secular ideologies. This study has found that Maulana Abdur Rahim’s analysis in support of Islam can provide better and long-term effective solutions in comparison with the solutions that secular ideologies addressed for the rights for women and workers

Quality evaluation and storage stability of mixed fruit leather prepared from mango, banana and papaya

This study aimed to elucidate the formulation and quality evaluation of fruit leather prepared from Mango, Banana and Papaya, and analyzes shelf life of developed samples at different storage conditions. Three samples of fruit leather (F1=50% mango pulp+20% banana pulp+19% papaya pulp, F2= 70% mango pulp+10% banana pulp+9% papaya pulp, F3=60% mango pulp+15% banana pulp+14% papaya pulp) were developed. The analysis of different composition such as moisture, ash, TSS (Total soluble solids), total sugar, acidity, crude fiber and ascorbic acid of all fresh fruit pulps and developed fruit leathers were taken place. The moisture, ash, and total sugar content of fruit leathers were in the range of 10.99 to 11.69%, 1.13-1.36%, and 54.08-55.38%, respectively. The fiber content ranged from 1.13 to 1.5% and sample F2 contained the highest amount (1.50%). The vitamin C content was highest in F2 (17.49 mg/ 100 g), while F3 gave the lowest (7mg/100g). The acidity of F3 was highest (0.21%), followed by F2 (0.16%) and F1 (0.12%). The sensory properties like color, texture, flavor and overall acceptability of mixed fruit leather of sample F2 (mango 70%, banana 10%, papaya 9%) was more acceptable than sample F1 and F3 which indicates mango rich leathers were much better than Papaya and banana rich leathers. The mixed fruit leathers were packed in sealed low-density and high-density polyethylene, and stored both at room temperature (25±1°C) and refrigerated temperature (4±1°C). Products were acceptable up to 4 months of storage and remained better in high-density polyethylene at room temperature than other conditions. [J Bangladesh Agril Univ 2022; 20(3.000): 323-332

Mechanical and osmotic dehydration behavior of pineapple and retention of Vitamin C

The study was designed to observe the behavior of mechanical and osmotic dehydration of pineapple, retention of vitamin C content during drying and development of jam from fresh and dehydrated pineapple. Osmotic dehydration carried out with pineapples collected from local market of Mymensingh in July 2015 and found that pineapples contained higher moisture content (93.9%,wb) than normal (85-87%,wb) and showed contradictory osmotic behavior due to higher moisture content and hormonal effect. Then the studies were conducted using pineapples of Gaint Kew variety collected from Madhupur without hormone treatment which contained 86.11% moisture, 0.36% ash, 13.89% total solid, 0.54% protein and 17.38mg/100g vitamin C. The osmotic concentration behavior was investigated using sugar and combined sugar-salt solution for 6mm thick pineapple slices and immersion time was 6 hrs. The extent of water loss, solid gain and normalized solid content were strongly influenced by strength of osmotic solution. It was found that K-value (mass transfer coefficient) increases with increasing concentration and was the highest (0.15min-1) for 55/5% sugar/salt solution and lowest (0.07min-1) for 45% sugar solution. Three different temperatures (55, 60 and 65°C) and thicknesses (4, 6 and 8mm) were used to investigate the drying behavior of pineapple slices in a mechanical dryer. Activation energy value of 8.14 Kcal/g-mole was found for fresh pineapple slices. 55/5% sugar/salt osmosed and dried pineapple gave 5.46 times higher dryer throughput compared to nonosmosed dried pineapple. Degradation of vitamin C content of pineapple at different air-dry bulb temperatures (55, 60 and 65°C) of 6mm thickness was investigated and activation energy for degradation of vitamin C was found to be 14.38 Kcal/g-mole. Osmotic dehydration prior to air drying, gave the lower rate of degradation of vitamin C during drying compared to that dried without osmosis. Developed jams were tested for their acceptability by sensory evaluation using 1-9 point hedonic scale and jam made from osmotically dehydrated (55/5% sugar-salt and then dried at 60°C) secured highest score (8.5) and ranked as like very much, while the other products were ranked as like moderately. [Fundam Appl Agric 2019; 4(1.000): 723-734

Induction of systemic, mucosal and memory antibody responses targeting Vibrio cholerae O1 O-specific polysaccharide (OSP) in adults following oral vaccination with an oral killed whole cell cholera vaccine in Bangladesh.

BackgroundOral cholera vaccine (OCV) containing killed Vibrio cholerae O1 and O139 organisms (Bivalent-OCV; Biv-OCV) are playing a central role in global cholera control strategies. OCV is currently administered in a 2-dose regimen (day 0 and 14). There is a growing body of evidence that immune responses targeting the O-specific polysaccharide (OSP) of V. cholerae mediate protection against cholera. There are limited data on anti-OSP responses in recipients of Biv-OCV. We assessed serum antibody responses against O1 OSP, as well as antibody secreting cell (ASC) responses (a surrogate marker for mucosal immunity) and memory B cell responses in blood of adult recipients of Biv-OCV in Dhaka, Bangladesh.Methodology/principal findingsWe enrolled 30 healthy adults in this study and administered two doses of OCV (Shanchol) at days 0 and 14. Blood samples were collected before vaccination (day 0) and 7 days after each vaccination (day 7 and day 21), as well as on day 44. Serum responses were largely IgA with minimal IgG and IgM responses in this population. There was no appreciable boosting following day 14 vaccination. There were significant anti-OSP IgA ASC responses on day 7 following the first vaccination, but none after the second immunization. Anti-OSP IgA memory B cell responses were detectable 30 days after completion of the vaccination series, with no evident induction of IgG memory responses. In this population, anti-Ogawa OSP responses were more prominent than anti-Inaba responses, perhaps reflecting impact of previous exposure. Serum anti-OSP responses returned to baseline within 30 days of completing the vaccine series.ConclusionOur results call into question the utility of the 2-dose regimen separated by 14 days in adults in cholera endemic areas, and also suggest that Biv-OCV-induced immune responses targeting OSP are largely IgA in this highly endemic cholera area. Studies in children in cholera-endemic areas need to be performed. Protective efficacy that extends for more than a month after vaccination presumably is mediated by direct mucosal immune response which is not assessed in this study. Our results suggest a single dose of OCV in adults in a cholera endemic zone may be sufficient to mediate at least short-term protection

Plasma and memory B cell responses targeting O-specific polysaccharide (OSP) are associated with protection against Vibrio cholerae O1 infection among household contacts of cholera patients in Bangladesh

Background: The mediators of protection against cholera, a severe dehydrating illness of humans caused by Vibrio cholerae, are unknown. We have previously shown that plasma IgA as well as memory B IgG cells targeting lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of Vibrio cholerae O1 correlate with protection against V. cholerae O1 infection among household contacts of cholera patients. Protection against cholera is serogroup specific, and serogroup specificity is defined by the O-specific polysaccharide (OSP) component of LPS. Therefore, we prospectively followed household contacts of cholera patients to determine whether OSP-specific immune responses present at the time of enrollment are associated with protection against V. cholerae infection. Methodology In this study, we enrolled two hundred forty two household contacts of one hundred fifty index patients who were infected with Vibrio cholerae. We determined OSP-specific memory B cells and plasma IgA, IgG and IgM antibody responses on study entry (day 2). Principle findings The presence of OSP-specific plasma IgA, IgM, and IgG antibody responses on study entry were associated with a decrease in the risk of infection in household contacts (IgA, p = 0.015; IgM, p = 0.01, and IgG, p = 0.024). In addition, the presence of OSP-specific IgG memory B cell responses in peripheral blood on study entry was also associated with a decreased risk of infection (44% reduction; 95% CI: 31.1 to 99.8) in contacts. No protection was associated with cholera toxin B subunit (CtxB)-specific memory B cell responses. Conclusion: These results suggest that immune responses that target OSP, both in plasma and memory responses, may be important in mediating protection against infection with V. cholerae O1

Plasma and memory B cell responses targeting O-specific polysaccharide (OSP) are associated with protection against <i>Vibrio cholerae</i> O1 infection among household contacts of cholera patients in Bangladesh

<div><p>Background</p><p>The mediators of protection against cholera, a severe dehydrating illness of humans caused by <i>Vibrio cholerae</i>, are unknown. We have previously shown that plasma IgA as well as memory B IgG cells targeting lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of <i>Vibrio cholerae</i> O1 correlate with protection against <i>V</i>. <i>cholerae</i> O1 infection among household contacts of cholera patients. Protection against cholera is serogroup specific, and serogroup specificity is defined by the O-specific polysaccharide (OSP) component of LPS. Therefore, we prospectively followed household contacts of cholera patients to determine whether OSP-specific immune responses present at the time of enrollment are associated with protection against <i>V</i>. <i>cholerae</i> infection.</p><p>Methodology</p><p>In this study, we enrolled two hundred forty two household contacts of one hundred fifty index patients who were infected with <i>Vibrio cholerae</i>. We determined OSP-specific memory B cells and plasma IgA, IgG and IgM antibody responses on study entry (day 2).</p><p>Principle findings</p><p>The presence of OSP-specific plasma IgA, IgM, and IgG antibody responses on study entry were associated with a decrease in the risk of infection in household contacts (IgA, p = 0.015; IgM, p = 0.01, and IgG, p = 0.024). In addition, the presence of OSP-specific IgG memory B cell responses in peripheral blood on study entry was also associated with a decreased risk of infection (44% reduction; 95% CI: 31.1 to 99.8) in contacts. No protection was associated with cholera toxin B subunit (CtxB)-specific memory B cell responses.</p><p>Conclusion</p><p>These results suggest that immune responses that target OSP, both in plasma and memory responses, may be important in mediating protection against infection with <i>V</i>. <i>cholerae</i> O1.</p></div

Plasma and memory B cell responses targeting O-specific polysaccharide (OSP) are associated with protection against <i>Vibrio cholerae</i> O1 infection among household contacts of cholera patients in Bangladesh - Fig 5

<p>CTB-specific IgA, IgG and IgM memory B cell responses upon enrollment (day 2) (A, B and C, respectively).</p

Risk of infection for contacts with detectable LPS- and OSP-specific memory B cell (MBC) responses relative to those without detectable MBC.

<p>Risk of infection for contacts with detectable LPS- and OSP-specific memory B cell (MBC) responses relative to those without detectable MBC.</p