4,271 research outputs found
The European Large Area ISO Survey - ISOPHOT results using the MPIA-pipeline
The European Large Area ISO Survey (ELAIS) will provide Infrared observations
of 4 regions in the sky with ISO. Around 2000 Infrared sources have been
detected at 7 and 15 microns (with ISOCAM), 90 and 175 microns (with ISOPHOT))
over 13 square degrees of the sky. We present the source extraction pipeline of
the 90 microns ISOPHOT observations, describe and discuss the results obtained
and derive the limits of the ELAIS observational strategy.Comment: 4 pages, 5 figures, to appear in the ISO conference "The Universe as
seen by ISO", 1998, UNESCO, Pari
New Results from a Near-Infrared Search for Hidden Broad-Line Regions in Ultraluminous Infrared Galaxies
This paper reports the latest results from a near-infrared search for hidden
broad-line regions (BLRs: FWHM >~ 2,000 km/s) in ultraluminous infrared
galaxies (ULIGs). The new sample contains thirty-nine ULIGs from the 1-Jy
sample selected for their lack of BLRs at optical wavelengths. The results from
this new study are combined with those from our previous optical and
near-infrared surveys to derive the fraction of all ULIGs with optical or
near-infrared signs of genuine AGN activity (either a BLR or [Si VI] emission).
Comparisons of the dereddened emission-line luminosities of the optical or
obscured BLRs detected in the ULIGs of the 1-Jy sample with those of optical
quasars indicate that the obscured AGN/quasar in ULIGs is the main source of
energy in at least 15 -- 25% of all ULIGs in the 1-Jy sample. This fraction is
30 -- 50% among ULIGs with L_ir > 10^{12.3} L_sun. These results are compatible
with those from recent mid-infrared spectroscopic surveys carried out with ISO.
(abridged)Comment: 40 pages including 10 figures and 3 tables (Table 3 should be printed
in landscape mode
Faint Radio Sources and Star Formation History
Faint extragalactic radio sources provide important information about the
global history of star formation. Sensitive radio observations of the Hubble
Deep Field and other fields have found that sub-mJy radio sources are
predominantly associated with star formation activity rather than AGN. Radio
observations of star forming galaxies have the advantage of being independent
of extinction by dust. We use the FIR-radio correlation to compare the radio
and FIR backgrounds, and make several conclusions about the star forming
galaxies producing the FIR background. We then use the redshift distribution of
faint radio sources to determine the evolution of the radio luminosity
function, and thus estimate the star formation density as a function of
redshift.Comment: 12 pages, 9 figures, latex using texas.sty, to appear in the CD-ROM
Proceedings of the 19th Texas Symposium on Relativistic Astrophysics and
Cosmology, held in Paris, France, Dec. 14-18, 1998. Eds.: J. Paul, T.
Montmerle, and E. Aubourg (CEA Saclay). No changes to paper, just updated
publication info in this commen
The star-formation history of the universe - an infrared perspective
A simple and versatile parameterized approach to the star formation history
allows a quantitative investigation of the constraints from far infrared and
submillimetre counts and background intensity measurements.
The models include four spectral components: infrared cirrus (emission from
interstellar dust), an M82-like starburst, an Arp220-like starburst and an AGN
dust torus. The 60 m luminosity function is determined for each chosen
rate of evolution using the PSCz redshift data for 15000 galaxies. The
proportions of each spectral type as a function of 60 m luminosity are
chosen for consistency with IRAS and SCUBA colour-luminosity relations, and
with the fraction of AGN as a function of luminosity found in 12 m
samples. The luminosity function for each component at any wavelength can then
be calculated from the assumed spectral energy distributions. With assumptions
about the optical seds corresponding to each component and, for the AGN
component, the optical and near infrared counts can be accurately modelled.
A good fit to the observed counts at 0.44, 2.2, 15, 60, 90, 175 and 850
m can be found with pure luminosity evolution in all 3 cosmological models
investigated: = 1, = 0.3 ( = 0), and
= 0.3, = 0.7.
All 3 models also give an acceptable fit to the integrated background
spectrum. Selected predictions of the models, for example redshift
distributions for each component at selected wavelengths and fluxes, are shown.
The total mass-density of stars generated is consistent with that observed,
in all 3 cosmological models.Comment: 20 pages, 25 figures. Accepted for publication in ApJ. Full details
of models can be found at http://astro.ic.ac.uk/~mrr/countmodel
Teacher Candidate Book Introductions
The purpose of this descriptive multi-case study was to explore teacher candidates\u27 book introductions during their field-based studies in elementary classrooms. The participants were 11 undergraduate students (also teacher candidates) enrolled in a field-based reading course at a South Texas regional university. The lessons occurred in the teacher candidates\u27 cooperating teachers\u27 elementary classrooms. Five sources of data were analyzed using both a priori and open coding to determine themes. The book introductions included information related to the meaning of the text and helping students make connections to text; however, little to no syntactical or visual cue information was included. The findings have implications for reading course instructors to ensure that teacher candidates have many opportunities to see and practice the delivery of book introductions during guided reading instruction
NIR Spectroscopy with the VLT of a sample of ISO selected Hubble Deep Field South Galaxies
A new population of faint galaxies characterized by an extremely high rate of
evolution with redshift up to z~1.5 has recently been discovered by ISO. These
sources are likely to contribute significantly to the cosmic far-IR
extragalactic background. We have carried out near-infrared VLT-ISAAC
spectroscopy of a sample of ISOCAM galaxies from the Hubble Deep Field South.
The rest-frame R-band spectral properties of the ISO population resembles that
of powerful dust-enshrouded active starburst galaxies.Comment: 8 pages, 3 figures, to appear in "ISO Surveys of a Dusty Universe",
eds. D. Lemke, M. Stickel, K. Wilke, typos correcte
Calcium channel blockers for acute traumatic brain injury.
BACKGROUND: Acute traumatic brain injury is a major cause of death and disability. Calcium channel blockers (calcium antagonists) have been used in an attempt to prevent cerebral vasospasm after injury, maintain blood flow to the brain, and so prevent further damage. OBJECTIVES: To estimate the effects of calcium channel blockers in patients with acute traumatic brain injury, and in a subgroup of brain injury patients with traumatic subarachnoid haemorrhage. SEARCH STRATEGY: Handsearching and electronic searching for randomised controlled trials. SELECTION CRITERIA: Randomised controlled trials in patients with all levels of severity of clinically diagnosed acute traumatic brain injury. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Two reviewers independently assessed the identified studies for eligibility and extracted data from each study. Summary odds ratios were calculated using the Mantel-Haenszel method. MAIN RESULTS: Six RCTs were identified as eligible for inclusion in the systematic review. The effect of calcium channel blockers on the risk of death was reported in five of the RCTs. The pooled odds ratio (OR) for the five studies was 0.91 (95% confidence interval [95%CI] 0.70-1.17). For the four RCTs that reported death and severe disability (unfavourable outcome), the pooled odds ratio was 0.85 (95%CI 0.68-1.07). In the two RCTs which reported the risk of death in a subgroup of traumatic subarachnoid haemorrhage patients, the pooled odds ratio was 0.59 (95%CI 0.37-0.94). Three RCTs reported death and severe disability as an outcome in this subgroup, and the pooled odds ratio was 0.67 (95%CI 0.46-0.98). REVIEWER'S CONCLUSIONS: This systematic review of randomised controlled trials of calcium channel blockers in acute traumatic head injury patients shows that considerable uncertainty remains over their effects. The effect of nimodipine in a subgroup of brain injury patients with subarachnoid haemorrhage shows a beneficial effect, though the increase in adverse reactions suffered by the intervention group may mean that the drug is harmful for some patients
The Radio-to-Submm Spectral Index as a Redshift Indicator
We present models of the 1.4 GHz to 350 GHz spectral index, alpha(350/1.4),
for starburst galaxies as a function of redshift. The models include a
semi-analytic formulation, based on the well quantified radio-to-far infrared
correlation for low redshift star forming galaxies, and an empirical
formulation, based on the observed spectrum of the starburst galaxies M82 and
Arp 220. We compare the models to the observed values of alpha(350/1.4) for
starburst galaxies at low and high redshift. We find reasonable agreement
between the models and the observations, and in particular, that an observed
spectral index of alpha(350/1.4) > +0.5 indicates that the target source is
likely to be at high redshift, z > 1. The evolution of alpha(350/1.4) with
redshift is mainly due to the very steep rise in the Raleigh-Jeans portion of
the thermal dust spectrum shifting into the 350 GHz band with increasing
redshift. We also discuss situations where this relationship could be violated.
We then apply our models to examine the putative identifications of submm
sources in the Hubble Deep Field, and conclude that the submm sources reported
by Hughes et al. are likely to be at high redshifts, z > 1.5.Comment: standard LATEX file plus 1 postscript figure. Added references and
revised figure. second figure revision. Final Proof version. to appear in
Astrophysical Journal Letter
Potential mechanical loss mechanisms in bulk materials for future gravitational wave detectors
Low mechanical loss materials are needed to further decrease thermal noise in
upcoming gravitational wave detectors. We present an analysis of the
contribution of Akhieser and thermoelastic damping on the experimental results
of resonant mechanical loss measurements. The combination of both processes
allows the fit of the experimental data of quartz in the low temperature region
(10 K to 25 K). A fully anisotropic numerical calculation over a wide
temperature range (10 K to 300 K) reveals, that thermoelastic damping is not a
dominant noise source in bulk silicon samples. The anisotropic numerical
calculation is sucessfully applied to the estimate of thermoelastic noise of an
advanced LIGO sized silicon test mass.Comment: 7 pages, 3 figures, submitted to Journal of Physics: Conference
Series (AMALDI8
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