Relieving patients' pain with expectation interventions: a meta-analysis

Patients' expectations are important predictors of the outcome of analgesic treatments, as demonstrated predominantly in research on placebo effects. Three commonly investigated interventions that have been found to induce expectations (verbal suggestion, conditioning, and mental imagery) entail promising, brief, and easy-to-implement adjunctive procedures for optimizing the effectiveness of analgesic treatments. However, evidence for their efficacy stems mostly from research on experimentally evoked pain in healthy samples, and these findings might not be directly transferable to clinical populations. The current meta-analysis investigated the effects of these expectation inductions on patients' pain relief. Five bibliographic databases were systematically searched for studies that assessed the effects of brief verbal suggestion, conditioning, or imagery interventions on pain in clinical populations, with patients experiencing experimental, acute procedural, or chronic pain, compared with no treatment or control treatment. Of the 15,955 studies retrieved, 30 met the inclusion criteria, of which 27 provided sufficient data for quantitative analyses. Overall, a medium-sized effect of the interventions on patients' pain relief was observed (Hedges g = 0.61, I = 73%), with varying effects of verbal suggestion (k = 18, g = 0.75), conditioning (always paired with verbal suggestion, k = 3, g = 0.65), and imagery (k = 6, g = 0.27). Subset analyses indicated medium to large effects on experimental and acute procedural pain and small effects on chronic pain. In conclusion, patients' pain can be relieved with expectation interventions; particularly, verbal suggestion for acute procedural pain was found to be effective

Solving the technology barriers in flexible AMOLED displays

In this paper, we present some of the technology challenges and process temperature trade-offs when realizing AM OLED displays on thin flexible plastic films that can be mechanically bent to a roll radius of ~1 cm. We furthermore present complementary approaches to realize low-power, high resolution OLED displays using self-aligned IGZO TFT architecture; a novel driving method using a compact 2T-1C pixel engine.status: publishe

Power saving through state retention in IGZO-TFT AMOLED displays for wearable applications

status: publishe

5-3: Distinguished Paper

status: publishe

Power saving through state retention in IGZO-TFT AMOLED displays for wearable applications

We present a qHD (960×540 with 3 sub-pixels) top-emitting ‘AMOLED display with 340ppi resolution using a self-aligned (SA) IGZO TFT backplane on polyimidefoil with humidity barrier. The back plane process flow is based on a 7 layer photolithography process with a CD=4um. We implement a 2TIC pixel engine and use commercial source driver IC made for LTPS. By using IGZO TFT and leveraging the extremely low off-current, we can switch-offthe power to the source and gate driver while maintaining the image un-changed for several minutes We demonstrate that, depending on the image content, low-refresh operation yields reduction in power consumption of up to 50% compared to normal (continuous) operation. We show that with further increase in resolution, the power saving through state retention will be even more significant

Power saving through state retention in IGZO-TFT AMOLED displays for wearable applications

© (2017) by SID-the Society for Information Display. All rights reserved. We present a qHD (960×540 with 3 sub-pixels) top-emitting ‘AMOLED display with 340ppi resolution using a self-aligned (SA) IGZO TFT backplane on polyimidefoil with humidity barrier. The back plane process flow is based on a 7 layer photolithography process with a CD=4um. We implement a 2TIC pixel engine and use commercial source driver IC made for LTPS. By using IGZO TFT and leveraging the extremely low off-current, we can switch-offthe power to the source and gate driver while maintaining the image un-changed for several minutes We demonstrate that, depending on the image content, low-refresh operation yields reduction in power consumption of up to 50% compared to normal (continuous) operation. We show that with further increase in resolution, the power saving through state retention will be even more significant.status: publishe

Power saving through state retention in IGZO-TFT AMOLED displays for wearable applications

\u3cp\u3eWe present a qHD (960 × 540 with three sub-pixels) top-emitting active-matrix organic light-emitting diode display with a 340-ppi resolution using a self-aligned IGZO thin-film transistor backplane on polyimide foil with a humidity barrier. The back plane process flow is based on a seven-layer photolithography process with a CD = 4 μm. We implement a 2T1C pixel engine and use a commercial source driver IC made for low-temperature polycrystalline silicon. By using an IGZO thin-film transistor and leveraging the extremely low off current, we can switch off the power to the source and gate driver while maintaining the image unchanged for several minutes. We demonstrate that, depending on the image content, low-refresh operation yields reduction in power consumption of up to 50% compared with normal (continuous) operation. We show that with the further increase in resolution, the power saving through state retention will be even more significant.\u3c/p\u3

Power saving through state retention in IGZO-TFT AMOLED displays for wearable applications

\u3cp\u3eWe present a qHD (960×540 with 3 sub-pixels) top-emitting ‘AMOLED display with 340ppi resolution using a self-aligned (SA) IGZO TFT backplane on polyimidefoil with humidity barrier. The back plane process flow is based on a 7 layer photolithography process with a CD=4um. We implement a 2TIC pixel engine and use commercial source driver IC made for LTPS. By using IGZO TFT and leveraging the extremely low off-current, we can switch-offthe power to the source and gate driver while maintaining the image un-changed for several minutes We demonstrate that, depending on the image content, low-refresh operation yields reduction in power consumption of up to 50% compared to normal (continuous) operation. We show that with further increase in resolution, the power saving through state retention will be even more significant.\u3c/p\u3

Dual-gate self-aligned IGZO TFTs monolithically integrated with high-temperature bottom moisture barrier for flexible AMOLED

\u3cp\u3eWe present a 350°C self-aligned dual-gate a-IGZO backplane technology with a monolithically integrated multi-layer high-temperature thin-film barrier for flexible AMOLED. Thin-film barrier properties and TFT technology are optimized on 320 x 352mm substrates, and demonstrated in a flexible QQVGA 100 ppi AMOLED display prototype.\u3c/p\u3