The impact of emigration on population estimates of deep-sea red crab Chaceon maritae off Namibia

Underwater photography and tag-recapture methods have previously been found to be the most accurate means of assessing the size of the population of Chaceon maritae off southern Africa. However, recent population estimates made by the tag-recapture method appear to be too high. Sources of bias in the estimate that led to violations of assumptions of the Petersen method were investigated. Females migrate into Angola and tend to travel farther than males. Population estimates that used information for males only or that accounted for emigration to Angolan waters are therefore too high. Another source of bias included under-reporting of tag recaptures in 1993.Keywords: emigration, population estimate, red crab, tag-recapture African Journal of Marine Science 2001, 23: 61–6

Cointegration between energy commodities and the South African financial market

Abstract: The long-run relationship between three energy commodities, namely crude oil, jet kerosene and natural gas; and the FTSE/JSE Top 40 Index will be examined. A second relationship between the three commodities and the FTSE/JSE Top 40 Index against the South African Rand (versus the United States Dollar) will also be explored to determine the impact of the variables on the ZAR. The analysis of the variables will include correlation, regression, vector autoregression and the Johansen cointegration test to determine linear interdependencies among the variables. The results indicate that there is a cointegrating relationship between the both relationships investigated

Teaching respect: a philosophical analysis

According to a Zulu proverb a human being can only become truly human because of others. Each person can only become more human, more himself- regardless of his sex - through the co-involvement of others. It is the love for one’s neighbour and the respect one has for him/her as a person which makes one consider the other party's feelings, viewpoints and circumstances. In order to arrive at a situation of peaceful coexistence it is important to realize that human attitudes and a mature life style evolve through a process of learning and interaction with others. It is a timeconsuming and costly process which starts at infancy and continues throughout someone's life. Instruction concerning interpersonal relations and the teaching of respect cannot be confined to individual lessons or working sessions at home or in school. Discussions and conversations concerning interpersonal relations need to form an integral and natural part of a child’s life within the home environment and throughout the pupil's school career. It is senseless if educators talk about the importance of teaching respect only to reveal disrespectful behaviour themselves, or to talk about the importance of self-esteem in the paying of respect whilst causing children to feel negative about themselves. To be able to express respect to other human beings, one needs to be respected. A child needs to experience how it feels when homage is paid. The following rule of life applies in this regard: one can never give if one has never received respect

Nutritional status of HIV-infected adults on antiretroviral therapy and the impact of nutritional supplementation in the Northern Cape Province, South Africa

Objectives: The study aimed to describe the nutritional status and determine the impact of current nutrition intervention strategies on weightchanges in adult HIV-infected patients on antiretroviral (ARV) therapy.Design: A descriptive, prospective trial was performed.Setting: The investigation was conducted at ARV roll-out centres in Kimberley, Upington, Kuruman, Prieska and Springbok in the NorthernCape Province of South Africa.Subjects: Adult HIV-infected patients receiving ARV therapy were included in the study. Outcome measures: Each participants’s body mass index (BMI) was determined before and after a four-month intervention period ofnutritional supplementation with an instant, enriched maize product.Results: Data from 98 patients (mean age 39.7 years; standard deviation 8.9 years) were assessed. Prior to intervention, the median BMI was 20 kg/m2 (range 12.6–29.7 kg/m2); the patients from Kuruman had a greater incidence of underweight compared to the other towns, with a median BMI of 17.9 kg/m2. Of the 87 patients assessed during the final week, 49.4% experienced weight gain and 40.2% lost weight. Eighteen (20.7%) patients gained more than 5% of their baseline weight, which was significant. Only eight (9.2%) patients lost more than 5% of their baseline weight. Twenty-two patients who presented with a BMI 18.5 kg/m2 presented with no change in median weight.Conclusions: Nutritional supplementation, provided according to provincial policy and combined with ARVs, nutritionally benefitted about half of the patients in the ARV programme in the Northern Cape.Keywords: nutrition supplementation; HIV-infection; ARV; adults; nutritional statu

Precious metals as safe haven assets in the South African market

Abstract: The role of precious metals as hedges and safe havens has been extensively studied across various markets. However, no precious metals other than gold have been considered in a South African setting. This study extends previous literature by making use of the methodology established by Baur and Lucey (2010) to determine which of the four precious metals provides the most viable hedge and safe haven in relation to the domestic stock and bond markets for South African investors? The results suggest that all four precious metals have significant hedging properties in relation to domestic bond market but not the stock market. It was also determined that while all four metals contain safe haven properties, gold is the only precious metal to act as a significant safe haven against both South African stocks and bonds

Die Belangstelling van die Kerk vanaf die vroegste Eeue in verband met die Godsdiensitge Vorming van die Jeug in die Erediens, die Ouerhuis, die Kategese, Jeugvereniging

No abstract available

Threats to the quality of marking of the national senior certificate examinations in the Northern Cape

Examinations are regarded as vital instruments not only to determine the progress and success of learners, but also the quality of an education system. Owing to these high stakes, South Africa places enormous emphasis on the National Senior Certificate examination. Although quality should be ensured by an effective, accurate and a high standard in the marking process, complaints suggest that there may be threats to the quality of marking and, by implication, to the education system itself. This exploratory study reports on the possible threats to a high standard of marking that emerged from data generated through semi-structured interviews with various role-players involved in the marking process. The findings suggest that the threats relate to the appointment of markers, the competency of the markers and an overall lack of confidence in the marking process. We conclude the article by proposing various recommendations to curb the identified threats to accurate marking