Electrophoretic Analysis of the Serum Proteins of Normal Newborn Infants

The protein components of the serum of newborn infants have occupied the attention of few investigators. McKhann and Kapnick (1) pointed out that newborn infants show an immunity to many diseases during the first months of life. Electrophoretic studies carried out by Tiselius and Kabat (2) demonstrated that the gamma globulin fraction of the serum contains the antibodies. Other investigators (3, 4, 5) reported a low ratio of albumin to globulin in the serum of newborn infants. The increase in globulin was shown to be mainly in the gamma globulin component (6, 7, 8, 9). Since the technique of filter paper electrophoresis is adaptable to small quantities of serum, it is a useful method for the fractionation of the proteins of the serum of newborn infants. This study was undertaken to determine normal values for the serum protein components of newborn infants employing the technique of paper and free electrophoresis. It is hoped that these normal values will find use as a base line in further studies of serum proteins in newborn infants

The Interaction Between the Urinary Trypsin Inhibitor and Trypsin

Gel filtration and disc electrophoresis were used as simple and fast techniques for the investigation of the interaction and stoichiometry between UTI and trypsin. UTI appears to possess only a single trypsin binding site. The nature of the interaction between the inhibitor and enzyme appears to be dependent on the concentration ratio of the reactants. When UTI is in excess molar concentration, a single binary complex with trypsin of mol. wt. 95,000 is observed. In the presence of a molar excess of enzyme, this macromolecule is no longer observed, but proteins of mol. wt. 41,000 and 20,000 result. The possibility that UTI may be hydrolyzed to a partially degraded active fragment by the excess enzyme resulting in the formation of a modified inhibitor enzyme complex is proposed

Electrophoretic Analysis of the Proteins of Body Fluids in Various Disease States

Plasma, serum, and body fluid specimens (pleural fluid, ascitic fluid, synovial fluid, edema fluid, hydrocele fluid, cyst fluid, lymph, bile, and subdural fluid) from patients with heart disease, carcinoma, liver disease, and arthritis, were subjected to electrophoretic analysis. A decrease in plasma albumin and an increase in globulin components occurred in the disease conditions. In most instances the albumin and gamma globulin were higher, the α1 globulin the same, and the α2 and β globulin and fibrinogen in lower concentration in the fluid than in the corresponding plasma specimen. The distribution of the protein components between the plasma and fluid is explained on the basis of their molecular weights

Electrophoretic Studies of the Proteins of Plasma and Ascitic Fluid in Cirrhosis

A series of plasma and ascitic fluid specimens withdrawn from patients with cirrhosis, and a series from one patient over a seven-week period prior to his death, were subjected to electrophoretic analysis. The results indicate a qualitative similarity between plasma and ascitic fluid protein patterns. In most instances, the ascitic fluid contained more albumin, alpha1 and gamma globulins than the plasma, whereas the plasma was richer in alpha2 and beta globulins and fibrinogen. Based on the molecular weights of the protein fractions, the values indicate that selective protein enrichment of ascitic fluid may be related to the molecular size of the protein components

A Comparison of Plasma Protein Fractions by Kjeldahl and Biuret Analysis and Refractive Index Measurements

In electrophoretic studies of serum and plasma the concentration of protein in the various fractions is often expressed in absolute values. These are commonly obtained by calculation from the percentage distribution of the components and the total protein content of the serum or plasma. Although this practice is widespread there is no assurance that the values obtained reflect a true measure of the protein content of the individual components. It is readily apparent from the divergent results obtained by the technique of paper electrophoresis that the major components of serum contain varying concentrations of protein, lipids and carbohydrates and exhibit a varying response to protein dyes

A One-Day Modification of the Dry Ash PBI Method

A modification of the dry ash method for the protein bound iodine content of plasma or serum has been devised. This method permits completion of the determination in one laboratory day and produces results that compare favorably with the original two-day method. Recovery experiments were satisfactory and indicate no loss of iodine in the drying, ashing, or colorimetric procedures in the method

A Study of the Electrophoretic Mobilities of Multiple Myeloma Proteins

Over a period of several years our laboratory has been carrying out electrophoretic analysis of plasma, serum and body fluids from individuals with various diseases. One disease in which we have been interested is that of multiple myeloma

Parkinson\u27s Disease, Amantadine Hydrochloride Therapy and Dopa Metabolites

In an attempt to clarify the effect of amantadine hydrochloride therapy in Parkinson\u27s disease, dopa metabolites were measured in the urine of 15 patients who were taking this medication. The results indicated that patients on amantadine therapy had lower urinary levels of epinephrine plus norepinephrine than either normal individuals or parkinsonian patients not receiving amantadine. Patients who developed livedo reticularis during amantadine therapy showed a small but significant increase in urinary dopamine levels and a similar decrease in dopac levels, when compared to other patients on amantadine who did not develop livedo reticularis

The Synthesis of Salicyl Glucuronide Derivatives

The formation of glucuronides of salicylic acid as conjugated products in the body has been demonstrated for many years. Quick (1) in 1932 found salicyl diglucuronates in the urine of dogs fed salicylic acid, whereas, Kapp and Coburn (2) demonstrated the presence of both mono- and di-glucuronides of salicylic acid in human urine. Bray and coworkers (3) observed small amounts of ester linked glucuronides and ether linked glucuronides in the urine of rabbits fed salicylic acid. Recently, Smith et al. (4) using C14 carboxyl labeled salicyclic acid obtained evidence for the excretion of the two types of mono-glucuronides in human urine. One had an ester linkage between the carboxyl group of salicylic acid and a hydroxyl group of glucuronic acid. The other had an ether linkage between the hydroxyl groups of salicylic and glucuronic acids. To our knowledge, none of the salicyl glucuronides have been isolated in crystalline form. The present investigation was an attempt to synthesize both forms of salicyl-ß-d-glucuronide. Glucurone lactone was converted to the methyl ester (Goebel and Babers (5) which was then acetylated to the α- and ß-tetraacetyl methyl esters of glucuronic acid (6)

Stability of relative equilibria with singular momentum values in simple mechanical systems

A method for testing $G_\mu$-stability of relative equilibria in Hamiltonian systems of the form "kinetic + potential energy" is presented. This method extends the Reduced Energy-Momentum Method of Simo et al. to the case of non-free group actions and singular momentum values. A normal form for the symplectic matrix at a relative equilibrium is also obtained.Comment: Partially rewritten. Some mistakes fixed. Exposition improve