Serrano (Sano) Functions with the Planar Cell Polarity Genes to Control Tracheal Tube Length

Epithelial tubes are the functional units of many organs, and proper tube geometry is crucial for organ function. Here, we characterize serrano (sano), a novel cytoplasmic protein that is apically enriched in several tube-forming epithelia in Drosophila, including the tracheal system. Loss of sano results in elongated tracheae, whereas Sano overexpression causes shortened tracheae with reduced apical boundaries. Sano overexpression during larval and pupal stages causes planar cell polarity (PCP) defects in several adult tissues. In Sano-overexpressing pupal wing cells, core PCP proteins are mislocalized and prehairs are misoriented; sano loss or overexpression in the eye disrupts ommatidial polarity and rotation. Importantly, Sano binds the PCP regulator Dishevelled (Dsh), and loss or ectopic expression of many known PCP proteins in the trachea gives rise to similar defects observed with loss or gain of sano, revealing a previously unrecognized role for PCP pathway components in tube size control

Etude de la fraction argileuse de séquences sédimentaires de la Meuse et du Gard (reconstitution de l'histoire diagénétique et des caractéristiques physico-chimiques des cicles. Aspects minéralogiques, géochimiques et isotopiques)

Les séquences argileuses peu perméables telles que les argilites callovo-oxfordiennes du bassin de Paris ou les siltites vraconiennes du Gard, ont été choisies pour l'implantation éventuelle d'un laboratoire souterrain destiné à tester les propriétés physico-chimiques de ces formations dans l'éventualité d'un stockage profond de déchets nucléaires. La connaissance et la compréhension des modifications post-sédimentaires sont fondamentales dans la définition de ces propriétés. Le but du présent travail visait donc à évaluer et quantifier ces changements par l'étude de ces roches, en particulier des minéraux argileux. Les échantillons proviennent de deux forages (HTM102 et MAR501). Les principaux minéraux argileux dans le forage HTM102 sont l'illite et les interstratifiés illite/smectite. Les observations au MET et au MEB couplées aux analyses isotopiques K-Ar et Rb-Sr mettent en évidence la néoformation de carbonates (calcite, dolomite) et d'argiles. Celles-ci apparaissent au MET comme des particules authigènes lattées en croissance sur des particules détritiques. La durée et l'extension de ces événements diagénétiques sont difficiles à évaluer du fait d'une contamination systématique des échantillons par une contribution détritique, et ce même dans les fractions les plus fines. Cependant, l'étude d'un niveau de bentonite dans la séquence permet de caler l'époque et la durée de la diagenèse. En assimilant cette bentonite à un pôle authigène, il a été possible de reconstruire les variations des valeurs K-Ar de chaque fraction argileuse dans la séquence. Ainsi, la corrélation observée entre les variations du niveau marin relatif et la formation d'un matériel argileux riche en smectite d'une part, et des chimies de fluides différentes d'autre part, sont autant d'arguments en faveur de réactions diagénétiques en système sinon clos du moins restreint. Les travaux sur le forage MAR501 sont comparables à ceux réalisés sur le forage HTM102, avec également un mélange entre deux populations argileuses d'âge différent. Les glauconites diagénétiques ont permis de caler le Vraconien au voisinage de 93,7 +- 0,3Ma, en accord avec les données stratigraphiques.Very low-permeable argillaceous rocks like Callovo-Oxfordian claystones or Vraconian siltstones were chosen to host a research laboratory built to determine the physico-chemical properties of the host formations for a potential underground disposal of radioactive waste. Knowledge and understanding of post-sedimentary modifications are of prime importance for definition of these properties; evaluation and quantification of the post-sedimentary changes represent the aim of this study, focused specifically on the clay material of the sequences. Samples were taken from two drillings (HTM102 and MAR501). In the HTM102 core samples, illite and mixed-layers illite/smectite are the dominant clay components of most clay fractions. Systematic SEM and TEM observations and isotopic K-Ar and Rb-Sr analyses pointed to diagenetic neoformations of carbonates (calcite, dolomite) and clays. For instance, veils and laths of authigenic clay particles around old detrital ones can distinctly be observed. The epoch, duration and extent of the diagenetic activity(ies) are difficult to evaluate because of an overall detrital contribution even in the finest granulometric fractions. However, analysis of a bentonite layer in the sequence provides a diagenetic reference for the authigenic clay material. Correlation between relative sea level and authigenesis of smectite-rich mineral has been outlined. Chemistry of diagenetic fluids also seems to be reliable with sea level variations. These observations argue in favour of diagenetic activities limited in restricted rock volumes. The case study of MAR501 is close to the HTM102 one: smectite-rich illite/smectite mixed-layers represent the major component of the clay fraction and K-Ar values argue in the sense of a mixing between detrital and younger clay populations. Diagenetic glauconites in the sequence yield an age close to 93,7+-0,3Ma for Vraconian level, in agreement with stratigraphical data. The case study of a clay-filled fault within the sequence favors a confined-sequence behaviour. Indeed, no migrations of elements and especially of REE took place during fluid flows, the clay minerals preserving their geochemical properties. All the results favor reliable confinment properties of the low-permeable argillaceous sequences.STRASBOURG-Sc. et Techniques (674822102) / SudocSudocFranceF

Photocatalytic Radical Addition to Levoglucosenone

International audienceUsing photocatalysis with tetra-n-butylammonium decatungstate (TBADT), alkanes, cyclic acetals, cyclic ethers, formamide and aldehydes were added in a stereoselective way to levoglucosenone (LGO). A hydrogen atom is transferred from the donor compound to the photochemically excited TBADT, and the resulting radicals add onto LGO in a stereoselective way. In the case of the addition of adamantane, two regioisomers were obtained which form a crystalline solid solution. Cyrene™, obtained by hydrogenation of LGO, was added under the same conditions. In this case, only two of 32 possible isomers of the resulting Cyrene™ dimer were formed. The regio-selectivity of the HAT step is discussed in detail. For this purpose, bond dissociation energies and partial charges have been calculated. Transition state calculations of the radical addition to LGO explain the stereospecificity of this reaction step

Study of sky coverage for Multi-conjugate adaptative optics

International audienc

Study of sky coverage for Multi-conjugate adaptative optics

International audienc

Study of sky coverage for Multi-conjugate adaptative optics

International audienc