Relationship of sea level muon charge ratio to primary composition including nuclear target effects

The discrepancy between the muon charge ratio observed at low energies and that calculated using pp data is removed by including nuclear target effects. Calculations at high energies show that the primary iron spectrum is expected to change slope from 2 to 2.2 to 2.4 to 2.5 for energies approx. 4 x 10 to the 3 GeV/nucleon if scaling features continue to the highest energies

Coronavirus Classification using Deep Convolutional Neural Network, Models. and Chest ,X-ray images

The COVID-2019 virus, which was discovered for the first time in December 2019 in the city of Wuhan, China, went on to become a pandemic after rapidly spreading around the globe. As there are currently no reliable automated toolkits on the market, there has been an increase in the demand for supplementary diagnostic tools for COVID19 patients. It may be possible to improve the accuracy of the diagnosis of covid19 disease by making use of more recent developments in artificial intelligence (AI) approaches and radiological imaging. In this research, three different convolution neural networks were applied to raw chest x-rays before the histogram filter was used for the basic pre-processing. The goal was to automatically detect COVID-19. The results that we obtained using the three suggested models indicate that the ResNet50 model provides the greatest classification performance with 96% accuracy , while the InceptionV3 model only achieves 95% accuracy, and the Inception-ResNetV2 model only achieves 82% accuracy

Cache-aided combination networks with interference

Centralized coded caching and delivery isstudied for a radio access combination network (RACN),whereby a set ofHedge nodes (ENs), connected to acloud server via orthogonal fronthaul links with limitedcapacity, serve a total ofKuser equipments (UEs) overwireless links. The cloud server is assumed to hold alibrary ofNfiles, each of sizeFbits; and each user,equipped with a cache of sizeμRNFbits, is connectedto a distinct set ofrENs each of which equipped witha cache of sizeμTNFbits, whereμT,μR∈[0,1]arethe fractional cache capacities of the UEs and the ENs,respectively. The objective is to minimize the normalizeddelivery time (NDT), which refers to the worst case deliverylatency when each user requests a single distinct file fromthe library. Three coded caching and transmission schemesare considered, namely theMDS-IA,soft-transferandzero-forcing (ZF)schemes. MDS-IA utilizes maximum distanceseparable (MDS) codes in the placement phase and realinterference alignment (IA) in the delivery phase. Theachievable NDT for this scheme is presented forr= 2and arbitrary fractional cache sizesμTandμR, and alsofor arbitrary value ofrand fractional cache sizeμTwhen the cache capacity of the UE is above a certainthreshold. The soft-transfer scheme utilizes soft-transferof coded symbols to ENs that implement ZF over the edgelinks. The achievable NDT for this scheme is presentedfor arbitraryrand arbitrary fractional cache sizesμTandμR. The last scheme utilizes ZF between the ENs andthe UEs without the participation of the cloud server inthe delivery phase. The achievable NDT for this scheme is presented for an arbitrary value ofrwhen the totalcache size at a pair of UE and EN is sufficient to store thewhole library, i.e.,μT+μR≥1. The results indicate thatthe fronthaul capacity determines which scheme achievesa better performance in terms of the NDT, and thesoft-transfer scheme becomes favorable as the fronthaulcapacity increases

Interventional Neuroradiology: Henry Ford Hospital Experience with Nonembolization Procedures

Innovative technical developments over the past two decades have resulted in the development of a variety of useful interventional procedures for minimally invasive treatment of a variety of head and neck lesions. We have had experience with four different types of nonembolization interventional neuroradiologic procedures at Henry Ford Hospital from 1981 through 1985. Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty of six external carotid artery stenoses has been performed in five patients. Five were successful, and the artery became occluded in one patient. Intracarotid BCNU infusion was performed successfully in five patients with recurrent astrocytoma. Intraarterial streptokinase infusion was performed in one patient with acute thrombosis of an ectatic basilar artery. A traumatic carotid cavernous fistula was successfully closed by detachable silicone balloon technique

Machine Learning Techniques for Credit Card Fraud Detection

The term “fraud”, it always concerned about credit card fraud in our minds. And after the significant increase in the transactions of credit card, the fraud of credit card increased extremely in last years. So the fraud detection should include surveillance of the spending attitude for the person/customer to the determination, avoidance, and detection of unwanted behavior. Because the credit card is the most payment predominant way for the online and regular purchasing, the credit card fraud raises highly. The Fraud detection is not only concerned with capturing of the fraudulent practices, but also, discover it as fast as they can, because the fraud costs millions of dollar business loss and it is rising over time, and that affects greatly the worldwide economy. . In this paper we introduce 14 different techniques of how data mining techniques can be successfully combined to obtain a high fraud coverage with a high or low false rate, the Advantage and The Disadvantages of every technique, and The Data Sets used in the researches by researcher

Edge detection based on morphological amoebas

Detecting the edges of objects within images is critical for quality image processing. We present an edge-detecting technique that uses morphological amoebas that adjust their shape based on variation in image contours. We evaluate the method both quantitatively and qualitatively for edge detection of images, and compare it to classic morphological methods. Our amoeba-based edge-detection system performed better than the classic edge detectors.Comment: To appear in The Imaging Science Journa

Interventional Neuroradiology: Henry Ford Hospital Experience with Transcatheter Embolization of Vascular Lesions in the Head, Neck, and Spine

Innovative developments over the past 15 years have resulted in increased sophistication and effectiveness of therapeutic neuroembolization procedures. As a result, percutaneous transcatheter embolization has assumed an increasingly important role in the management of patients with vascular lesions of the head, neck, and spine. By reducing bleeding during surgery, this technique can markedly facilitate the surgical approach to difficult vascular lesions. The technique may also be applied in cases where surgery is contraindicated. Therapeutic neuroembolization has been performed in 23 patients with vascular lesions of the head, neck, or spine at Henry Ford Hospital. Devascularization of the extraaxial blood supply was achieved in all cases, and no neurologic complications were encountered. Eighteen patients with vascular tumors of the head, neck, or spine and three patients with arteriovenous malformations (AVM) were embolized preoperatively, resulting in marked facilitation of the surgical procedures. One patient with a dural AVM and one with a spinal metastasis were embolized without surger

Comparison of CT and integrated PET-CT based radiation therapy planning in patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>When combined with adequate tumoricidal doses, accurate target volume delineation remains to be the one of the most important predictive factors for radiotherapy (RT) success in locally advanced or medically inoperable malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) patients. Recently, 18-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (PET) has demonstrated significant improvements in diagnosis and accurate staging of MPM. However, role of additional PET data has not been studied in RT planning (RTP) of patients with inoperable MPM or in those who refuse surgery. Therefore, we planned to compare CT with co-registered PET-CT as the basis for delineating target volumes in these patients group.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Retrospectively, the CT and co-registered PET-CT data of 13 patients with histologically proven MPM were utilized to delineate target volumes separately. For each patient, target volumes (gross tumor volume [GTV], clinical target volume [CTV], and planning target volume [PTV]) were defined using the CT and PET-CT fusion data sets. The PTV was measured in two ways: PTV1 was CTV plus a 1-cm margin, and PTV2 was GTV plus a 1-cm margin. We analyzed differences in target volumes.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>In 12 of 13 patients, compared to CT-based delineation, PET-CT-based delineation resulted in a statistically significant decrease in the mean GTV, CTV, PTV1, and PTV2. In these 12 patients, mean GTV decreased by 47.1% ± 28.4%, mean CTV decreased by 38.7% ± 24.7%, mean PTV1 decreased by 31.1% ± 23.1%, and mean PTV2 decreased by 40.0% ± 24.0%. In 4 of 13 patients, hilar lymph nodes were identified by PET-CT that was not identified by CT alone, changing the nodal status of tumor staging in those patients.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>This study demonstrated the usefulness of PET-CT-based target volume delineation in patients with MPM. Co-registration of PET and CT information reduces the likelihood of geographic misses, and additionally, significant reductions observed in target volumes may potentially allow escalation of RT dose beyond conventional limits potential clinical benefits in tumor control rates, which needs to be tested in future studies.</p

A Novel Classification of Lung Cancer into Molecular Subtypes

The remarkably heterogeneous nature of lung cancer has become more apparent over the last decade. In general, advanced lung cancer is an aggressive malignancy with a poor prognosis. The discovery of multiple molecular mechanisms underlying the development, progression, and prognosis of lung cancer, however, has created new opportunities for targeted therapy and improved outcome. In this paper, we define “molecular subtypes” of lung cancer based on specific actionable genetic aberrations. Each subtype is associated with molecular tests that define the subtype and drugs that may potentially treat it. We hope this paper will be a useful guide to clinicians and researchers alike by assisting in therapy decision making and acting as a platform for further study. In this new era of cancer treatment, the ‘one-size-fits-all’ paradigm is being forcibly pushed aside—allowing for more effective, personalized oncologic care to emerge