Jacques Roumain et Nancy Cunard

Cunard et Roumain L’exploitation des archives de Nancy Cunard par Sarah Frioux-Salgas a permis de mettre au jour plusieurs documents intéressant l’écrivain et homme politique haïtien Jacques Roumain (1907-1944) qui n’avaient pas trouvé place dans l’édition de ses Œuvres complètes. Il s’agit d’une lettre manuscrite adressée par lui à Cunard, de la traduction en anglais par celle-ci du texte de son intervention au Congrès international des écrivains pour la défense de la culture à Paris les 16 ..

Endothelial cell-derived oxysterol ablation attenuates experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis.

The vasculature is a key regulator of leukocyte trafficking into the central nervous system (CNS) during inflammatory diseases including multiple sclerosis (MS). However, the impact of endothelial-derived factors on CNS immune responses remains unknown. Bioactive lipids, in particular oxysterols downstream of Cholesterol-25-hydroxylase (Ch25h), promote neuroinflammation but their functions in the CNS are not well-understood. Using floxed-reporter Ch25h knock-in mice, we trace Ch25h expression to CNS endothelial cells (ECs) and myeloid cells and demonstrate that Ch25h ablation specifically from ECs attenuates experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Mechanistically, inflamed Ch25h-deficient CNS ECs display altered lipid metabolism favoring polymorphonuclear myeloid-derived suppressor cell (PMN-MDSC) expansion, which suppresses encephalitogenic T lymphocyte proliferation. Additionally, endothelial Ch25h-deficiency combined with immature neutrophil mobilization into the blood circulation nearly completely protects mice from EAE. Our findings reveal a central role for CNS endothelial Ch25h in promoting neuroinflammation by inhibiting the expansion of immunosuppressive myeloid cell populations

Low fertility and the risk of type 2 diabetes in women

BACKGROUND: Fertility problems are frequently followed by early menopause, and early menopause has been associated with increased risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Thus far, it is unknown whether low fertility is independently associated with future T2D risk. METHODS: We assessed the association between measures of low fertility and T2D in the Prospect-European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) cohort of 17 357 Dutch women, aged 49-70 years at baseline using Cox proportional hazards models, adjusted for various confounders. To investigate whether BMI and waist circumference influence the observed associations, analyses were additionally adjusted for these variables. RESULTS: At baseline, 332 women had T2D. During a mean follow-up of 9.1 +/- 3.6 years, 535 T2D cases occurred. Out of 15 707 Prospect-EPIC women who wanted to get pregnant, 1940 consulted a physician for fertility problems and 700 remained childless. No relation was found between consulting a physician for fertility problems or nulliparity and T2D risk. Of all women who wanted to get pregnant, 3946 (25.1%) had one or more miscarriages, with an average of 1.4 (+/- 0.9) miscarriages and a maximum of 10 miscarriages. Women who had one or more miscarriage showed the same risk for T2D as women who had no miscarriage. Also, none of the other measures of low fertility were associated with increased risk for T2D. CONCLUSIONS: Generally, measures of low fertility were not independently associated with a risk of T2D in a cohort of 17 357 Dutch women

Experimental Investigation of Projectile Integrity While Driving Through an Axisymmetric Baffled and Railed Ram Accelerator

Thesis (Master's)--University of Washington, 2021Investigations of the operational envelope of a baffled and railed axisymmetric ram accelerator occasionally yield anomalous results where large pressure spikes precede a large drop in performance. Using experimentally obtained pressure data in tandem with ANSYS structural analysis modules, Finite Element Analysis (FEA) was per- formed to assess the structural integrity of the ram accelerator projectile. Utilizing pressure fields from experiments, FEA indicated that the polycarbonate sub-caliber projectiles used in these tests experience plastic deformation and compromised struc- tural integrity. Similar analysis was also conducted using a sturdier 6061 aluminum projectile which resulted in no deformation or factors of safety below 1; however, these projectiles are significantly heavier and less scientifically useful. A 2-piece shell projectile made of 7075 aluminum was then designed in order to reduce weight and maintain the increased strength of the aluminum relative to the polycarbonate. The shell style projectile showed minimal internal deformation and no external plastic de- formation when subjected to the same high pressure as the polycarbonate, suggesting this projectile be used in future experiments where high pressures occur

Advances in bioactive sterol research : metabolism and quantification of oxysterols and bile acids

Oxysterols are oxidized derivatives of cholesterol acting on their own receptors. Some oxysterols are also bile acid precursors through already elucidated metabolic pathways. However, the metabolism of other oxysterols remains unclear. In this thesis, we focused on the metabolism of 4β-hydroxycholesterol, one of the major oxysterols in human and mice with interesting properties in inflammatory settings and were able to identify two of its metabolites, namely 4β,25-dihydroxycholesterol and 4β,27-dihydroxycholesterol, thanks to the combination of LC-HRMS and in vitro biochemical approaches. 4β,27-dihydroxycholesterol was also detected in vivo. In parallel, we also developed an LC-MS/MS method for the combined quantification of oxysterols and bile acids. During its development, we investigated three extraction protocols, set up a purification step and successfully achieved chromatographic separation for 45 oxysterols and bile acids within a single 25-minute run. Finally, we were able to quantify 12 oxysterols and 14 bile acids in human plasma from healthy donors. This method will enable a more comprehensive analysis of these bioactive lipids.(BIFA - Sciences biomédicales et pharmaceutiques) -- UCL, 202

ICH E5 : les facteurs ethniques dans l'acceptabilité des données cliniques étrangères (bénéfices et limites dans le développement clinique)

TOULOUSE3-BU Santé-Centrale (315552105) / SudocSudocFranceF