L’INCIDENZA DELL’INSEDIAMENTO URBANISTICO SUL MERCATO FONDIARIO: UN APPROCCIO GWR

Accessibility is one of the most influential factors defining land value. Different accessibility measures have been proposed as indicators of the location of the property. Space Syntax, a well-known theory for the quantification of the urban grid structure, provides measures of centrality based on the network concept, which has not gained much attention yet in land value literature. Studying the procedures related to the land market through classic OLS regression models of-ten fails to count for the spatial aspects of such kind of phenomena, which have a crucial role in their comprehension and differentiations. In the research presented herein, the GWR model, a spatial statistics extension of the classic regression model allowing local parameter differentiation, is adopted and geometric accessi-bility indicators (integration and choice) defined by Space Syntax are employed, in order to assess their impact on objective land values. The methodology is ap-plied to Xanthi, a medium sized city in Northern Greece, revealing both patterns of spatial accessibility impact on the local level and the accessibility radius in which land values can be better interpreted. DOI: http://dx.medra.org/10.19254/LaborEst.16.1

L’INCIDENZA DELL’INSEDIAMENTO URBANISTICO SUL MERCATO FONDIARIO: UN APPROCCIO GWR

Accessibility is one of the most influential factors defining land value. Different accessibility measures have been proposed as indicators of the location of the property. Space Syntax, a well-known theory for the quantification of the urban grid structure, provides measures of centrality based on the network concept, which has not gained much attention yet in land value literature. Studying the procedures related to the land market through classic OLS regression models of-ten fails to count for the spatial aspects of such kind of phenomena, which have a crucial role in their comprehension and differentiations. In the research presented herein, the GWR model, a spatial statistics extension of the classic regression model allowing local parameter differentiation, is adopted and geometric accessi-bility indicators (integration and choice) defined by Space Syntax are employed, in order to assess their impact on objective land values. The methodology is ap-plied to Xanthi, a medium sized city in Northern Greece, revealing both patterns of spatial accessibility impact on the local level and the accessibility radius in which land values can be better interpreted

Investigation of innovative financing schemes for transport projects

Transportation investments characterize the urban tissue; the operation of a new public transport line increases accessibility levels and thus has an impact on locations, intensities, types of development and the value of land. In the aftermath of the recent recession, and as public resources are becoming less and less available, a gap emerges between urban transportation system’s requirements and the financial means existing to fulfill them. Establishing a sustainable urban transportation system to meet the changing mobility needs of citizens requires a comprehensive and integrated approach to policy and decision-making, with the aim of developing affordable, economically viable, people-oriented and environment-friendly transport systems. The research for this PhD Thesis focuses on the investigation of innovative financing schemes for urban transportation infrastructure, based on the increased land value which is created by enhanced accessibility in an area (Value Capture Finance - VCF). The basic notion of Value Capture is that a part of the increase in land value resulting from urban investments in infrastructure can be “captured” to recover the capital costs of the investment or/and reinvest in the area. The effectiveness of VCF mechanisms depends on a variety of diverse factors and the successful implementation of each applied policy relies significantly on the level of acceptance and support from stakeholders and citizens, making collaboration a prerequisite for success. Although the ex-ante evaluation of VCF policies is an extremely critical topic, few research attempts in this direction have been pursued until today. This dissertation aims to fill this gap; its overall objective is hence to develop a robust methodological framework for the ex-ante evaluation of VCF mechanisms, to provide valuable insight into the issue of transportation financing from both a stakeholders' and citizens' perspective. Among the large spectrum of methods that can be used for transportation policies’ evaluation, the Multi-actor Multi-criteria Analysis (MAMCA) was selected. The main characteristic of the methodology, is that it takes stakeholders explicitly into account in all stages of the analysis and every stakeholder group has its own criteria set. AHP and PROMETHEE - GDSS are used for the MAMCA evaluation in the context of this Thesis. Furthermore, under the objective of investigating the citizens’ perceptive, Multivariate Analysis techniques (Correspondence and Hierarchical Cluster Analysis) as well as Logistic Regression Modelling are employed. The data collection part of the Thesis includes the design of three different questionnaire surveys, directed to stakeholders and citizens (commuters and entrepreneurs). The developed methodological approach was tested in a real - world case study: the under construction metro system of Thessaloniki. The topic and research area of the PhD Thesis are original and timely; moreover, no comprehensive examination of VCF mechanisms especially focused on a Greek city has been attempted before. It is therefore expected to stimulate and enhance interaction between actors on policy level regarding the extremely critical topic of financing urban public transportation infrastructure.Οι συγκοινωνιακές υποδομές αποτελούν ζωτικό τμήμα μιας πόλης, καθώς χαρακτηρίζουν τον αστικό χώρο και καθορίζουν την κινητικότητα. Επηρεάζουν τις ροές διακίνησης ανθρώπων και αγαθών και τις χρήσεις γης και η κατασκευή και συντήρησή τους απαιτεί διάθεση πολύ υψηλών χρηματικών πόρων. Όσο οι δημόσιοι πόροι συρρικνώνονται και γίνονται ολοένα και λιγότερο διαθέσιμοι, δημιουργείται χάσμα μεταξύ των απαιτήσεων του αστικού συστήματος μεταφορών και των υφιστάμενων χρηματοδοτικών μέσων. Καθώς αναζητούνται εναλλακτικές και καινοτόμες λύσεις για αυτή τη χρηματοδοτική πρόκληση, ένα σύνολο επιλογών εμφανίζεται υπό τον όρο – ομπρέλα “Value Capture”. Πρόκειται για μία ομάδα χρηματοδοτικών μηχανισμών οι οποίοι αντλούν έσοδα κατ’ αναλογία με την αύξηση στην αξία γης που σχετίζεται με νέες ή βελτιωμένες υποδομές. Στην περίπτωση των συγκοινωνιακών έργων, η αύξηση αυτή προκαλείται από τη βελτίωση της προσβασιμότητας (accessibility). Η χρηματοδότηση μέσω μηχανισμών Value Capture (Value Capture Finance – VCF) θεωρείται μία πολλά υποσχόμενη πηγή εσόδων και χρησιμοποιείται ή έχει χρησιμοποιηθεί σε μερικά από τα πιο φιλόδοξα συγκοινωνιακά έργα μεγάλης κλίμακας παγκοσμίως. Παρότι οι αποφάσεις που σχετίζονται με τη χρηματοδότηση μέσω Value Capture είναι ένα ζήτημα στο οποίο εμπλέκονται πολλαπλά κριτήρια και διαφορετικές απόψεις/συμφέροντα πολλών φορέων και ατόμων, έως τώρα δεν έχει προσεγγιστεί εμπεριστατωμένα λαμβάνοντας υπόψη όλους αυτούς τους παράγοντες. Αυτό το σημαντικό κενό επιχειρεί να καλύψει η παρούσα Διατριβή. Κεντρικό στόχο της Διατριβής αποτελεί συνεπώς η ανάπτυξη ενός πλαισίου για την ex-ante αξιολόγηση καινοτόμων χρηματοδοτικών προτύπων συγκοινωνιακών έργων και υποδομών, με δύο βασικούς άξονες: την ανάδειξη του ρόλου των εμπλεκόμενων φορέων και του ρόλου των πολιτών. Από την ιδιαίτερα μεγάλη ποικιλία μεθόδων που θα μπορούσαν να χρησιμοποιηθούν, καταλληλότερη κρίθηκε η Multi – Actor Multicriteria Analysis (MAMCA).Το βασικό χαρακτηριστικό της είναι ότι λαμβάνει υπόψη αναλυτικά τους εμπλεκόμενους φορείς σε όλη τη διαδικασία της ανάλυσης και τα κριτήρια της αξιολόγησης διαφοροποιούνται ανά ομάδα. H αποδοχή και στήριξη των πολιτών, εξετάζεται μέσω του σχεδιασμού ερωτηματολογίων δύο τύπων, εκ των οποίων το ένα απευθύνεται σε μετακινούμενους και το άλλο σε επιχειρήσεις, και τη διεξαγωγή έρευνας δηλωμένων προτιμήσεων. Ως μελέτη περίπτωσης εξετάζεται το υπό κατασκευή σύστημα του Μετρό της Θεσσαλονίκης. Η αξιολόγηση των εναλλακτικών σεναρίων γίνεται με συνδυασμό των μεθόδων AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process) και PROMETHEE – GDSS στο πλαίσιο της MAMCA. Η συνθετότητα της προσέγγισης στην επεξεργασία και ανάλυση των δεδομένων αποτελεί ένα από τα στοιχεία πρωτοτυπίας της Διατριβής. Εκτός από τη MAMCA, χρησιμοποιούνται συνδυαστικά μέθοδοι μοντελοποίησης (Μοντέλο Λογιστικής Παλινδρόμησης) και μη παραμετρικές μέθοδοι πολυδιάστατης ανάλυσης (Παραγοντική Ανάλυση των Αντιστοιχιών και Ανοδική Ιεραρχική Ταξινόμηση). Σημαντικό στοιχείο πρωτοτυπίας αποτελεί επίσης η εφαρμογή του προτεινόμενου μεθοδολογικού πλαισίου στην Ελλάδα, καθώς από τη βιβλιογραφική έρευνα προέκυψε ότι αποτελεί την πρώτη ολοκληρωμένη προσπάθεια εμπεριστατωμένης διερεύνησης της δυνατότητας χρησιμοποίησης καινοτόμων και εναλλακτικών προτύπων χρηματοδότησης που στηρίζονται στη λογική του Value Capture στη χώρα. Η ακολουθούμενη μεθοδολογία αλλά και τα αποτελέσματα της έρευνας της Διατριβής έρχονται να συμβάλλουν στη συμπλήρωση της διεθνούς βιβλιογραφίας και ιδανικά, η παρούσα Διατριβή θα μπορούσε να συνεισφέρει στην καθιέρωση μίας νέας, εναλλακτικής, καινοτόμου, προοπτικής στον τομέα της χρηματοδότησης των αστικών μεταφορών στην Ελλάδα

Evaluation methods for the impacts of shared mobility: Classification and critical review

In recent years, shared mobility services have had a growing presence in cities all over the world. Developing methodologies to measure and evaluate the impacts of shared mobility has therefore become of critical importance for city authorities. This paper conducts a thorough review of the different types of methods that can be used for this evaluation and suggests a classification of them. The pros and cons of each method are also discussed. The added value of the paper is twofold; first, we provide a systematic recording of the state of the art and the state of the practice regarding the evaluation of the impacts of shared mobility, from the perspective of city authorities, reflecting on their role, needs, and expectations. Second, by identifying the existing gaps in the literature, we highlight the specific needs for research and practice in this field that can help society figure out the role of urban shared mobility.</p

Evaluation Methods for the Impacts of Shared Mobility: Classification and Critical Review

In recent years, shared mobility services have had a growing presence in cities all over the world. Developing methodologies to measure and evaluate the impacts of shared mobility has therefore become of critical importance for city authorities. This paper conducts a thorough review of the different types of methods that can be used for this evaluation and suggests a classification of them. The pros and cons of each method are also discussed. The added value of the paper is twofold; first, we provide a systematic recording of the state of the art and the state of the practice regarding the evaluation of the impacts of shared mobility, from the perspective of city authorities, reflecting on their role, needs, and expectations. Second, by identifying the existing gaps in the literature, we highlight the specific needs for research and practice in this field that can help society figure out the role of urban shared mobility

Local Public Transport Services: the efficiency of public enterprises competing with the private sector in the EU member States

International audienc

Local Public Transport Services: the efficiency of public enterprises competing with the private sector in the EU member States

International audienc

Evaluation methods for the impacts of shared mobility: Classification and critical review

In recent years, shared mobility services have had a growing presence in cities all over the world. Developing methodologies to measure and evaluate the impacts of shared mobility has therefore become of critical importance for city authorities. This paper conducts a thorough review of the different types of methods that can be used for this evaluation and suggests a classification of them. The pros and cons of each method are also discussed. The added value of the paper is twofold; first, we provide a systematic recording of the state of the art and the state of the practice regarding the evaluation of the impacts of shared mobility, from the perspective of city authorities, reflecting on their role, needs, and expectations. Second, by identifying the existing gaps in the literature, we highlight the specific needs for research and practice in this field that can help society figure out the role of urban shared mobility.Transport and Plannin