Anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic effects of gallic acid on the breast adenocarcinoma cell lines SKBR3 versus normal fibroblast cells (HU-02)

Background: Breast cancer is a malignant proliferation of epithelial cells that lining the ducts or lobules of the breast. Breast cancer is the second common cancer (after lung cancer) in women. Gallic acid, being a polyphenols, has been reported for its antiproliferative activity against many cancer cell lines. Objective of the present study is effect of gallic acid on proliferation and apoptosis of the human breast adenocarcinoma cell lines SKBR3 and normal fibroblasts cells. Methods: This experimental study was performed in cellular and developmental biology of Shahrekord Islamic Azad University, Iran from April to August 2015. For anticancer activity, in this study SKBR3 cells and normal fibroblast cells (HU-02) were cultured in Dulbecco's modified eagle's medium, DMEM (Gibco, Life Technologies, Inc., New York, USA) medium with 10% fetal bovine serum, FBS (Gibco, Life Technologies, Inc., New York, USA). The SKBR3 and normal fibroblast cells were treated in the medium of DMEM medium and gallic acid (20, 40, 80, 100 and 200 μg/ml) for 24, 48 and 72 hours. Cells viability was assessed by MTS (Methyl- Thiazol-) assay. Cells were seeded at 5×103 cells/ml in 96 well plates and incubated for 24 hours. Then metabolites of bacteria were added, after indicated times MTS (20μl) was added and the absorbance was measured at 492 nm using ELISA plate reader. The percentage of apoptosis induction was determined by flow cytometry analysis using Annexin-V fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) kit (BioVision Products, CA, USA) in 20, 40, 80, 100 and 200 μg/ml concentration of gallic acid at 48 hours incubation. Results: Gallic acid decreases significantly the viability of SKBR3 cell line in a time and dose dependent manner. So that the most effective concentration of this substance was 200 μg/ml and 72 hours after treatment (P< 0.05). According to the data of Annexin- PI, the highest apoptosis induction rate was seen in 200 μg/ml (P< 0.05). While gallic acid in various concentrations had no significant effect on normal fibroblast cells. Conclusion: Objective of the present study is effect of gallic acid on proliferation and apoptosis of the human breast adenocarcinoma cell lines SKBR3 and normal fibroblasts cells

The Effectiveness of Nursing Interventions Based on King’s Theory: A Systematic Review

AbstractIntroduction: King’s Conceptual Model and Goal Attainment Theory can applicate as an effective framework in all fields of nursing such practice, education, management and research. The purpose of this study was to evaluate effectiveness of nursing interventions based King's theory.Methods: In this systematic review, the databases as Scopus, Web of Sciences, Pub Med and search engine of Google Scholar have been searched. Then the review has been done in terms of the study criteria, and merely 10 articles have met the criteria.Results: Our findings indicate, the common form of theory that has been applied in articles was goal attainment theory, except in one case. In 40% of the articles, the theory was used in educational fields and 60% were related to the clinical area.Conclusions: According to this systematic review, King's Conceptual System and Theory of Goal Attainment has the potential to give an effective approach for nursing practice and it is recommended that this framework can be used in different clinical situations to attract the patients to better compliance, leading to an improvement in quality of life and reduce complications in patients

The Viability and Pro Apoptotic Effect of Green Tea on Breast Cancer Cell Line (SK-BR-3) and Human Fibroblast Cells (HU-02)

Background and Aim: Breast cancer is one of the most common types of cancers and is the second leading cause of death form of cancer in women. In recent years, many scientific and medical studies have shown that Green tea has anti-proliferative, anti-mutagenic, anti-oxidant, antibacterial and antiviral effects. Some Green tea polyphenols have anti-cancer activity. In the present study, the effect of Green tea extract was evaluated on the Breast cancer cell line (SK-BR-3) and compared with human fibroblast cell line (HU-02). Materials and Methods: SK-BR-3 and HU-02 cell lines were treated for 24, 48 and 72 hours with different concentrations of Green tea (50, 100, 200, 400 and 800 μg/ml). Then, Bioavailability was analyzed by MTT kit and Apoptosis was analyzed by flow cytometry using an Annexin V-FITS Kit. Results: With increasing concentrations of Green tea extract in dose and time dependent manner, bioavailability of cells showed a decrease as compared to control group. Increased incidence of apoptosis was significantly higher in other experimental groups than the control group, while the concentration of 800 μg/ml of Green tea extract was more effective in SKBR3 cell line. Green tea did not show significant effect in HU-02 cells. Conclusion: Due to the fact that cell proliferation and abnormal apoptosis are one of the main characteristics of cancer cells, Green tea can be used to reduce cell proliferation and increase apoptosis in prevention and treatment of Breast cancer

The Association between Serum Lactate Level and Hospital Outcome in Children with Multi-Trauma

Background: Trauma is an important cause of disability and death in young people.  This study aimed to investigate the association between serum lactate level and in-hospital mortality in multi-traumatic children. Method: In this cross-sectional study, all children with multi-trauma admitted to the emergency department in Shohada and Imam Reza hospitals of Tabriz/Iran were evaluated from 2018 to 2020. At the time of admission to the emergency department, serum lactate, PRISM (Pediatric risk of mortality) score, and other findings as well as outcome were checked and correlated with the outcomes for all patients. Patients were classified into two groups (based on outcome) and six groups (based on lactate levels) to evaluate associations between results. The Chi-square test, independent samples t-test, ANOVA, and multivariate logistic regression test were performed in SPSS.22. P-value<0.05 and OR with 95% confidence interval were considered statistically significant. Result: Out of 110 admitted children, 10 (9%) died in hospital. Mean lactate level was 3.2 mmol/l and 85 patients (77.2%) had lactate level>2 mmol/l (millimoles). The initial blood lactate level was directly correlated with mortality.  This relationship was confirmed even after adjusting for variables such as the PRISM score (OR = 1.27; 95% CI, 1.19-1.35; P <0.001). Multiple regression study showed that a high lactate level (OR =1.17; 95% CI, 1.07-1.29; P=0.001), high PRISM score (OR = 1.15; 95% CI, 1.11-1.20; P<0.001), and low albumin level (OR =0.92; 95% CI, 0.88-0.96; P<0.001) were independent risk factors for mortality. Conclusion: High blood lactate level was an independent factor in the increase of mortality rate in the emergency department

Medication Adherence and its Related Factors in Patients Undergoing Coronary Artery Angioplasty

Introduction: Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI) has no effect on coronary artery atherosclerosis, thus the modification of physiological risk factors seems essential to prevent coronary artery disease (CAD). Then PCI patients have to receive multiple drug therapies in an attempt to prevent the recurrence of cardiac events. In spite of the evidence based on medication adherence to prevent post-PCI CAD development, medication adherence is the main concern for health care system. Accordingly, this study aims to determine the medication adherence and its related factors among these patients. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, the statistical community was the patients undergoing PCI at medical educational hospital of Dr. Heshmat in Rasht, Iran. 269 patients were selected by convenient sampling method. The data were collected by a questionnaire consisting of 4 parts, namely the socio-individual factors, Morisky medication adherence scale, hospital anxiety and depression scale and cardiac patient’s self-efficacy scale. Data analysis was done by descriptive statistics and the significance variables in univariate analysis were examined in a multi logistic regression model through considering co-linearity. Results: The results showed that 75 patients (28%) didn’t adhere to the medication. In addition, the majority of them were reported to have clinical anxiety (44.2%) and mild depression (55.8%). Also, based on the results derived from multiple logistic regressions, only the spouse's educational level and family history of coronary artery disease were significant predictors of medication adherence. Conclusion: The current study findings display lack of complete post-PCI medication adherence, which underscores the importance of the existence of cardiac rehabilitation systems in the society. Therefore, it is recommended that cardiac rehabilitation centers be built in the society

BET bromodomain inhibition attenuates cardiac phenotype in myocyte-specific lamin A/C-deficient mice

Mutation in the LMNA gene, encoding lamin A/C, causes a diverse group of diseases called laminopathies. Cardiac involvement is the major cause of death and manifests as dilated cardiomyopathy, heart failure, arrhythmias, and sudden death. There is no specific therapy for LMNA-associated cardiomyopathy. We report that deletion of Lmna in cardiomyocytes in mice leads to severe cardiac dysfunction, conduction defect, ventricular arrhythmias, fibrosis, apoptosis, and premature death within 4 weeks. The phenotype is similar to LMNA-associated cardiomyopathy in humans. RNA sequencing, performed before the onset of cardiac dysfunction, led to identification of 2338 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in Lmna-deleted cardiomyocytes. DEGs predicted activation of bromodomain-containing protein 4 (BRD4), a regulator of chromatin-associated proteins and transcription factors, which was confirmed by complementary approaches, including chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing. Daily injection of JQ1, a specific BET bromodomain inhibitor, partially reversed the DEGs, including those encoding secretome; improved cardiac function; abrogated cardiac arrhythmias, fibrosis, and apoptosis; and prolonged the median survival time 2-fold in the myocyte-specific Lmna-deleted mice. The findings highlight the important role of LMNA in cardiomyocytes and identify BET bromodomain inhibition as a potential therapeutic target in LMNA-associated cardiomyopathy, for which there is no specific effective therapy