Comparison the effect of low glycemic index diet with healthy nutritional recommendations based diet on obese adolescent girls

زمینه و هدف: هر چند مطالعات بسیاری به ارزیابی تأثیر نمایه گلیسمی بر چربی خون در بزرگسالان پرداخته اند، اما اطلاعات در این زمینه برای کودکان و نوجوانان محدود است. هدف این تحقیق مقایسه اثرات رژیم غذایی با نمایه گلیسمی پایین (LGI) با رژیم غذایی مبتنی بر توصیه های تغذیه سالم (HNR) بر سطح فراسنج های لیپیدی و آپولیپوپروتئین ها در نوجوانان دختر مبتلا به اضافه وزن و چاقی بود. روش بررسی: در این مطالعه کارآزمایی بالینی تصادفی شده پنجاه دختر سالم چاق یا دارای اضافه وزن و با وضعیت بلوغ یکسان بطور تصادفی در یکی از دو گروه رژیم غذایی LGI و رژیم غذایی مبتنی بر HNR قرار گرفتند. افراد هر دو گروه، رژیم غذایی با ترکیب مشابهی از درشت مغذی ها (56-53 کربوهیدرات، 18-16 پروتئین و 30-27 چربی) دریافت و مصرف نمودند. ارزیابی های بیوشیمیایی شامل تری گلیسیرید (TG)، کلسترول تام (TC)، لیپوپروتئین با دانسیته پایین (LDL)، لیپوپروتئین با دانسیته بالا (HDL)، آپولیپوپروتئین های A (Apo A) و B (Apo B) و لیپوپروتئین (a) (Lpa) یک بار در ابتدا و یک بار در انتهای مطالعه انجام شد. مقایسه مقادیر قبل و بعد در هر گروه با آزمون t زوجی و مقایسه تغییرات مشاهده شده در دو گروه با آزمون t مستقل در نرم افزار SPSS انجام شد. یافته ها: نمایه گلیسمی در گروه رژیم غذایی LGI کمتر از 50 بود (67/1 ± 67/42). میانگین نمایه توده بدنی در گروه LGI برابر 55/0 ± 97/27 متر بر مجذور قد و در گروه HNR برابر 01/1 ± 82/28 متر بر مجذور قد بود. میانگین سن در افراد گروه HNR از افراد گروه LGI به طور معنی داری بالاتر بود (27/0 ± 98/13 در مقابل 21/0 ± 18/13، 031/0=P). مقادیر متغیرهای بیوشیمیایی در ابتدا و انتهای مطالعه در بین دو گروه با یکدیگر تفاوتی نداشت. درصد تغییرات شاخص های چربی خون در بین گروه LGI و HNR نشان دهنده عدم وجود تفاوت معنی دار در تغییرات TG (به ترتیب 20/17± 90/27 و 53/10 ± 15/6؛ 274/0=P)، TC (به ترتیب 49/4 ± 58/5 و 63/3 ± 65/0-، 283/0=P)، HDL (به ترتیب 05/4 ± 20/1 و 07/3 ± 77/1-، 556/0=P)، LDL (به ترتیب 52/4 ± 35/4 و 32/3 ± 24/2-، 225/0=P)، Apo A (به ترتیب 73/5 ± 18/0- و 19/5 ± 37/9-؛ 242/0=P)، Apo B (به ترتیب 22/7±24/10 و 40/7±73/6؛ 738/0=P) و Lpa (به ترتیب 13/40 ±71/57 و 24/47 ± 18/97، 676/0=P) در بین دو گروه بود. نتیجه گیری: رژیم غذایی با نمایه گلیسمی پایین در مقایسه با رژیم غذایی مبتنی بر توصیه های تغذیه سالم تاثیر مفیدی در چربی خون ندارد

The association between plant and animal protein intake and quality of life in patients undergoing hemodialysis

BackgroundHemodialysis (HD) patients often experience a significant reduction in quality of life (QOL). The source of dietary protein intake may influence the renal function and complications of HD patients. The present study assessed the relationship between plant and animal protein intake and QOL in HD patients.Methods264 adult patients under dialysis for at least three months were included in this cross-sectional study. Dietary intakes were collected using a valid and reliable 168-item semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) over the past year. Total, animal, and plant proteins were calculated for each patient. To evaluate QOL, Kidney Disease Quality of Life Short Form (KDQOL-SF 1/3) was used. Anthropometric measures were assessed according to standard protocols.ResultsIn this study, the average age of participants was 58.62 ± 15.26 years old; most (73.5%) were men. The mean of total, plant, and animal proteins intake were 66.40 ± 34.29 g/d, 34.60 ± 18.24 g/d, and 31.80 ± 22.21 g/d. Furthermore, the mean score of QOL was 59.29 ± 18.68. After adjustment for potential confounders, a significant positive association was found between total dietary protein intake and QOL (β = 0.12; p = 0.03). Moreover, there was a significant association between plant-based protein intake and QOL (β = 0.26; p < 0.001). However, the association between animal protein intake and QOL was insignificant (β = 0.03; p = 0.60).ConclusionHigher total and plant proteins intake were associated with better QOL in HD patients. Further studies, particularly prospective ones, are needed to corroborate these associations

The effects of oral sodium bicarbonate supplementation on anthropometric measures in patients with chronic kidney disease:A systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized clinical trials

Abstract Metabolic acidosis (MA) may play a key role in the pathogenesis of protein‐energy wasting (PEW) in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). To present a comprehensive synthesis of the effect of oral sodium bicarbonate (SB) supplementation on anthropometric measures in patients with CKD, a systematic review was undertaken in PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science, Cochrane CENTRAL, and Google Scholar, of relevant articles published prior to September 2022. The summary statistics of effect size, nonstandardized weighted mean difference (WMD), and 95% confidence interval (CI) were used to compare the effects of SB supplementation on anthropometric parameters vs. control group. To detect probable sources of heterogeneity, a series of predefined subgroup analyses were conducted. In total, 17 studies with 21 treatment arms, including 2203 participants (1149 cases, 1054 controls), met our inclusion criteria and were included in the meta‐analysis. SB supplementation had no significant effect on body weight (BW), midarm muscle circumference (MAMC), or lean body mass (LBM) in patients with CKD. There was a significant increase in body mass index (BMI) (MD: 0.59 kg/m2, 95% CI: 0.25 to 0.93, p = 0.001) after SB supplementation in the overall analysis. In subgroup analysis, LBM was increased in studies that were ≥ 24‐week duration (MD: 1.81 kg, 95% CI: 0.81 to 2.81) and in participants with BMI lower than 27 kg/m2 (MD: 1.81 mg/L, 95% CI: 0.81 to 2.81). SB supplementation may yield increases in BMI in predialysis CKD patients. However, our findings did not support the beneficial effects of SB supplementation on other anthropometric outcomes. There is an evident need for long‐term high‐quality interventions to confirm these findings

Comparison of Phonemic Fluency Test Results Using Different Letters among Persian Speakers

Background: The purpose of this study was to compare the results obtained from phonemic fluency test using “F”1 , “A”2 , “S”3 and “L”4 , “T”5 ,”M”6 among Persian Speakers aged between 20 and 30 years. Methods: In this applied study, 76 subjects were randomly chosen. The data was analyzed separately for each subject according to the three letters: “F”, “A”, and “S” by using the routine phonemic fluency subtest of verbal fluency test and then phonemic fluency performance was gathered by using the three letters: “L”, “T” and “M” and after scoring according to Troyer method, the resultant numbers were reported after statistical analyses. For statistical analysis using SPSS 19, the distribution of data was firstly evaluated. Due to the fact that the data distribution was normal, Bonferroni test was used to compare the scores of the letters. Results: No significant gender and educational level effects were found and therefore, all further analyses were conducted without taking gender and educational level into account. Also, when the results of the three letters: “F”, “A” and “S” as a group for phonemic fluency performance and “L”, “T” and “M” letters as a different group, were integrated, a significant difference was found between the mean cluster size and switching between these two groups, while there was no significant difference between the average cluster size and cluster number. Conclusion: Based on the findings of this research, it can be concluded that the results of phonemic fluency test in each of the six letters are significantly different. Therefore, when using the special letters in the Persian language, it is necessary to examine all the letters for phonological sub-tests and use the simplest letters to study this function