197 research outputs found
Tissue dyslipidemia in salmonella-infected rats treatTissue dyslipidemia in salmonella-infected rats treated with amoxillin and pefloxac
Background: This study investigated the effects of salmonella infection and its chemotherapy on lipid metabolism
in tissues of rats infected orally with Salmonella typhimurium and treated intraperitoneally with pefloxacin and
amoxillin.
Methods: Animals were infected with Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium strain TA 98. After salmonellosis was
confirmed, they were divided into 7 groups of 5 animals each. While one group served as infected control group, three
groups were treated with amoxillin (7.14 mg/kg body weight, 8 hourly) and the remaining three groups with
pefloxacin (5.71mg/kg body weight, 12 hourly) for 5 and 10 days respectively. Uninfected control animals received
0.1ml of vehicle. Rats were sacrificed 24h after 5 and 10 days of antibiotic treatment and 5 days after discontinuation of
antibiotic treatment. Their corresponding controls were also sacrificed at the same time point. Blood and tissue lipids
were then evaluated.
Results: Salmonella infection resulted in dyslipidemia characterised by increased concentrations of free fatty acids
(FFA) in plasma and erythrocyte, as well as enhanced cholesterogenesis, hypertriglyceridemia and phospholipidosis in
plasma, low density lipoprotein-very low density lipoprotein (LDL-VLDL), erythrocytes, erythrocyte ghost and the
organs. The antibiotics reversed the dyslipidemia but not totally. A significant correlation was observed between fecal
bacterial load and plasma cholesterol (r=0.456, p<0.01), plasma triacyglycerols (r=0.485, p<0.01), plasma phospholipid
(r=0.414, p<0.05), plasma free fatty acids (r=0.485, p<0.01), liver phospholipid (r=0.459, p<0.01) and brain phospholipid
(r=0.343, p<0.05).
Conclusion: The findings of this study suggest that salmonella infection in rats and its therapy with pefloxacin and
amoxillin perturb lipid metabolism and this perturbation is characterised by cholesterogenesis
An audit of surgical site infection following open prostatectomy in a Nigerian Teaching Hospital
Background: Surgical site infections (SSI) are a potential cause of morbidity and increased cost of care after operations such as open prostatectomy.Objective: To audit the occurrence of SSI after open prostatectomy at the Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex (OAUTHC), Ile-Ife, NigeriaMethods: A review of all patients who underwent open prostatectomy over a ten-year period (July 2005 to June 2015). Data analysis was done using the statistical package for social sciences version 21. Association between variables was determined using Chi-square or Fisher’s exact test as appropriate. A p-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results: A total of 247 open prostatectomy surgeries were reviewed, with the patients’ ages ranging from 43 – 91 years and a mean age of 67.0 ± 8.8 years. Elective procedures were 98.8% while the remaining 1.2% were emergency cases. There were 24 (9.8%) surgical site infections. The duration of admission of the patients with SSI ranged from 6 – 15 days with a mean of 9.5 ± 3.2 days, as against 4 – 9 days (mean of 5.0 ± 2.1days) for those without SSI. All the patients with SSI were successfully managed with no resultant mortality. Risk factors identified for SSI were emergency surgery (p=0.001), obesity (p<0.0001), diabetesmellitus (p=0.008), smoking (p<0.0001), pre-operative catheterization (p<0.0001), excessive haemorrhage (p<0.0001) and post-operative suprapubic bladder drainage (p<0.0001).Conclusion: SSI is a recognized complication of open prostatectomy. Identified risk factors for its occurrence from this audit are emergency operation, obesity, diabetes mellitus, smoking, pre-operative catheterization, excessive haemorrhage and post-operativesuprapubic bladder drainage. Age, approach to prostatectomy (retropubic vs transvesical), incision type (lower midline vs pfannenstiel), level of the surgeon, catheter type and modality of irrigation were however not significant risk factors for post-prostatectomy SSI in this study.Keywords: Surgical site infection, risk factors, open prostatectomy
Management of pelviureteric junction obstruction at a tertiary teaching hospital in southwestern Nigeria: A retrospective analysis of case records
Background: Pelviureteric junction obstruction (PUJO) is an important cause of upper urinary tract obstruction. It can cause marked impairment of renal function, especially in bilateral cases, if not diagnosed and treated promptly. Surgical intervention is currently the mainstay of treatment. We aimed to review the pattern of presentation and management outcomes of patients diagnosed with PUJO. Methods: We conducted a retrospective study of patients aged 2–60 years who presented with PUJO between January 2005 and December 2014. Demographic characteristics, clinical presentation, investigations, and treatment modalities were extracted from case notes. Data were analysed using SPSS version 20. Results: The age range of the 32 included PUJO patients was 2–60 years, with a median age of 30 years. Children constituted 31% of patients. There were 15 males and a male-to-female ratio of 0.88:1. Most PUJO was unilateral and left-sided (n = 19; 59%). Loin pain was the commonest symptom (n = 26; 81%), while 25% of patients had a urinary tract infection at presentation. All patients had normal renal function at the time of surgery, and Anderson–Hynes pyeloplasty was the most common technique employed (72% of cases). Postoperatively, the majority of patients (n = 31; 97%) had complete symptom resolution. Surgical site infection (n = 3; 9%) was the commonest postoperative complication, and the median hospital stay was 11 days. There was no mortality. Conclusions: Most patients with PUJO presented late. Most of our patients underwent Anderson–Hynes pyeloplasty with satisfactory outcomes. Keywords: pelviureteric junction obstruction; PUJO; loin pain; Anderson–Hynes pyeloplasty; Foley Y-V plasty; Nigeria
Diagnostic performance of Transrectal ultrasound for Prostate volume estimation in Men with Benign Prostate Hyperplasia
An audit of surgical site infection following open prostatectomy in a Nigerian Teaching Hospital
Background: Surgical site infections (SSI) are a potential cause of
morbidity and increased cost of care after operations such as open
prostatectomy. Objective: To audit the occurrence of SSI after open
prostatectomy at the Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals
Complex (OAUTHC), Ile-Ife, Nigeria Methods: A review of all patients
who underwent open prostatectomy over a ten-year period (July 2005 to
June 2015). Data analysis was done using the statistical package for
social sciences version 21. Association between variables was
determined using Chi-square or Fisher\u2019s exact test as
appropriate. A p-value < 0.05 was considered statistically
significant. Results: A total of 247 open prostatectomy surgeries were
reviewed, with the patients\u2019 ages ranging from 43 \u2013 91
years and a mean age of 67.0 \ub1 8.8 years. Elective procedures were
98.8% while the remaining 1.2% were emergency cases. There were 24
(9.8%) surgical site infections. The duration of admission of the
patients with SSI ranged from 6 \u2013 15 days with a mean of 9.5
\ub1 3.2 days, as against 4 \u2013 9 days (mean of 5.0 \ub1
2.1days) for those without SSI. All the patients with SSI were
successfully managed with no resultant mortality. Risk factors
identified for SSI were emergency surgery (p=0.001), obesity
(p<0.0001), diabetes mellitus (p=0.008), smoking (p<0.0001),
pre-operative catheterization (p<0.0001), excessive haemorrhage
(p<0.0001) and post-operative suprapubic bladder drainage
(p<0.0001). Conclusion: SSI is a recognized complication of open
prostatectomy. Identified risk factors for its occurrence from this
audit are emergency operation, obesity, diabetes mellitus, smoking,
pre-operative catheterization, excessive haemorrhage and post-operative
suprapubic bladder drainage. Age, approach to prostatectomy (retropubic
vs transvesical), incision type (lower midlinevs pfannenstiel), level
of the surgeon, catheter type and modality of irrigation were however
not significant risk factors for post-prostatectomy SSI in this study.
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ahs.v19i2.30 Cite as: Salako AA, Badmus
TA, Onyia CU, David RA, Adejare IE, Lawal AO, Onyeze CI, Ndegbu CU. An
audit of surgical site infection following open prostatectomy in a
Nigerian Teaching Hospital. Afri Health Sci.2019;19(2): 2068-2072.
https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ahs.v19i2.3
Sequential Prediction of Drilling Fluid Loss Using Support Vector Machine and Decision Tree Methods
Machine learning methods have been applied to predict depths of fluid loss in hydrocarbon exploration.During drilling, lost circulation can be described as the unpleasant loss of all or part of drilling mud or fluid into the immediate formations or affected formation by excessive hydrostatic pressure, sufficient to fracture the formation or expand existing fractures encountered during the drilling process. In this study, we deployed Python codes of Support Vector Machine (SVM) and Decision Tree (DT) methodsto categorical data obtained from drilling operations in a producing field to predict lost circulation occurrence. The modelsleveraged the capability of both SVM and DT to achieve binary classification by adopting flow-out percentage of less than 70 percent as the points of lost circulation. That is, 70% represented asNo Loss. Prediction models were applied to 10 input variables preprocessed with principal component analysis (PCA) to reduce dimensionality and focus on essential variables. The preprocessed SVM model gave an improved result while preprocessing does not affect DT models. Overall, DT models predicted accurate fluid losszones and can be scaled up to field operations with options ofcontinuous sampled variables
PRIMO: an interactive homology modeling pipeline
The development of automated servers to predict the three-dimensional structure of proteins has seen much progress over the years. These servers make calculations simpler, but largely exclude users from the process. In this study, we present the PRotein Interactive MOdeling (PRIMO) pipeline for homology modeling of protein monomers. The pipeline eases the multi-step modeling process, and reduces the workload required by the user, while still allowing engagement from the user during every step. Default parameters are given for each step, which can either be modified or supplemented with additional external input. PRIMO has been designed for users of varying levels of experience with homology modeling. The pipeline incorporates a user-friendly interface that makes it easy to alter parameters used during modeling
- …