Phylogenetic analysis of hepatitis C virus isolates from hemodialysis patients

Phylogenetic analysis of hepatitis C virus isolates from hemodialysis patients. A high prevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection has been reported in hemodialysis patients. Main risk factors for transmission are previous blood transfusions and possibly nosocomial infections within the dialytic environment. In the present study 224 hemodialysis patients from the same department were tested for the presence of anti-HCV antibodies and HCV-RNA. The presence of anti-HCV in hemodialysis patients was correlated with a history of more than 10 blood transfusions (P = 0.001) and with a duration of hemodialysis treatment for more than 10 years (P = 0.001). The issue of possible patient-to-patient infection was addressed by sequence analysis of all HCV-RNA positive hemodialysis patients (N = 14) together with a control panel of HCV isolates from 56 unrelated non-hemodialysis patients with hepatitis C from the same geographical area. Subsequent phylogenetic analysis of nucleotide sequences obtained from the 5′-noncoding region and the nonstructural NS-5 region of the HCV genome revealed that only two hemodialysis patients were infected by a highly related HCV isolate. The remaining HCV-RNA positive hemodialysis patients including those without previous blood transfusions were all infected by phylogenetically-distant HCV isolates, providing evidence against a nosocomial transmission route. The data of the present study show that molecular epidemiological techniques are important to investigate the issue of nosocomial infection. In our hemodialysis unit patient-to-patient infection appears uncommon and draws attention towards other possible (such as, blood products such as human serum albumin, immunoglobulins) or even yet unrecognized transmission routes

A Companion Guide to Analyzing and Projecting Occupational Trends

This report is intended to complement Future Labour Supply and Demand 101: A Guide to Analysing and Predicting Occupational Trends, a technical document commissioned by the Forum of Labour Market Ministers (FLMM) Labour Market Information Working Group (LMIWG) with the aim of achieving greater consistency and coordination in labour supply and demand modeling in Canada. In conjunction with the technical document, this companion guide will assist stakeholders in making informed decisions regarding the occupational modeling needs of their organizations.labour supply, labour demand, modeling, occupation

The State of Utah v. Thomas Lowell Sprague : Appellant\u27s Brief

Appeal From Criminal Conviction Entered In The Sixth Judicial District Court In And For Sanpete County, State of Utah Honorable Don V. Tibbs, Judg

The enhancement of science process skills in primary teacher education students

The science process skills of primary teacher education students in Western Australia are often poorly developed. Their lack of skills is part of a more general and widespread problem. Hackling and Garnett (1991) state that students at all levels show poorly developed skills of problem analysis, planning, and carrying out of controlled experiments. In a study of first year tertiary students Moneira (1980) claims that many students cannot identify the basic phenomena and even the basic question involved in experiments. He suggests that they see experiments merely as using equipment rather than as a process of generating information

Организация рециркуляции печных газов в нагревательных промышленных печах с целью повышения качества нагрева металла

Исследование посвящено решению проблемы повышения качества нагрева метала за счет управления движением печных газов и тепломассообменными процессами в промышленных нагревательных печах. В работе показана возможность повышения энергоэффективности управления процессами тепло- и массообмена в рабочем пространстве нагревательных печей с целью экономичного и высококачественного нагрева металла за счет распределенного объемного сжигания топлива и крупномасштабной внутренней рециркуляции печных газов.The research focuses on the solution of the problem related to the increase in metal heating quality due to control of flue gases movement as well as heat and mass exchange processes in industrial thermal furnaces. The research has proved the possibility to raise the efficiency of managing heat and mass exchange processes in the working space of thermal furnaces for the purpose of economical and high quality of metal heating due to distributed voluminous fuel combustion and large-scale inner recirculation of flue gases

Characters & Space Program

Artistic Director Nancy Salmonhttps://digitalcommons.usm.maine.edu/theatre-programs-2002-2003/1001/thumbnail.jp