20,920 research outputs found
Response of Bose gases in time-dependent optical superlattices
The dynamic response of ultracold Bose gases in one-dimensional optical
lattices and superlattices is investigated based on exact numerical time
evolutions in the framework of the Bose-Hubbard model. The system is excited by
a temporal amplitude modulation of the lattice potential, as it was done in
recent experiments. For regular lattice potentials, the dynamic signatures of
the superfluid to Mott-insulator transition are studied and the position and
the fine-structure of the resonances is explained by a linear response
analysis. Using direct simulations and the perturbative analysis it is shown
that in the presence of a two-colour superlattice the excitation spectrum
changes significantly when going from the homogeneous Mott-insulator the quasi
Bose-glass phase. A characteristic and experimentally accessible signature for
the quasi Bose-glass is the appearance of low-lying resonances and a
suppression of the dominant resonance of the Mott-insulator phase.Comment: 20 pages, 9 figures; added references and corrected typo
Thermal detector model for cryogenic composite detectors for the dark matter experiments CRESST and EURECA
The CRESST (Cryogenic Rare Event Search with Superconducting Thermometers)
and the EURECA (European Underground Rare Event Calorimeter Array) experiments
are direct dark matter search experiments where cryogenic detectors are used to
detect spin-independent, coherent WIMP (Weakly Interacting Massive
Particle)-nucleon scattering events by means of the recoil energy. The
cryogenic detectors use a massive single crystal as absorber which is equipped
with a TES (transition edge sensor) for signal read-out. They are operated at
mK-temperatures. In order to enable a mass production of these detectors, as
needed for the EURECA experiment, a so-called composite detector design (CDD)
that allows decoupling of the TES fabrication from the optimization procedure
of the absorber single-crystal was developed and studied. To further
investigate, understand and optimize the performance of composite detectors a
detailed thermal detector model which takes into account the CDD has been
developed.Comment: To appear in Journal of Physics: Conference Series; Proceedings of
Neutrino 2008, Christchurch, New Zealan
Di-boson Production beyond NLO QCD and Anomalous Couplings
In these proceedings, we review results for several di-boson production
processes beyond NLO QCD at high transverse momenta using the VBFNLO
Monte-Carlo program together with the LOOPSIM method. Additionally, we show for
the WZ production process how higher order QCD corrections can resemble
anomalous coupling effects.Comment: Conference Proceedings:C15-05-25.
A simulation study of scene confusion factors in sensing soil moisture from orbital radar
Simulated C-band radar imagery for a 124-km by 108-km test site in eastern Kansas is used to classify soil moisture. Simulated radar resolutions are 100 m by 100 m, 1 km by 1km, and 3 km by 3 km. Distributions of actual near-surface soil moisture are established daily for a 23-day accounting period using a water budget model. Within the 23-day period, three orbital radar overpasses are simulated roughly corresponding to generally moist, wet, and dry soil moisture conditions. The radar simulations are performed by a target/sensor interaction model dependent upon a terrain model, land-use classification, and near-surface soil moisture distribution. The accuracy of soil-moisture classification is evaluated for each single-date radar observation and also for multi-date detection of relative soil moisture change. In general, the results for single-date moisture detection show that 70% to 90% of cropland can be correctly classified to within +/- 20% of the true percent of field capacity. For a given radar resolution, the expected classification accuracy is shown to be dependent upon both the general soil moisture condition and also the geographical distribution of land-use and topographic relief. An analysis of cropland, urban, pasture/rangeland, and woodland subregions within the test site indicates that multi-temporal detection of relative soil moisture change is least sensitive to classification error resulting from scene complexity and topographic effects
A novel approach to modelling and simulating the contact behaviour between a human hand model and a deformable object
A deeper understanding of biomechanical behaviour of human hands becomes fundamental for any human hand-operated Q2 activities. The integration of biomechanical knowledge of human hands into product design process starts to play an increasingly important role in developing an ergonomic product-to-user interface for products and systems requiring high level of comfortable and responsive interactions. Generation of such precise and dynamic models can provide scientific evaluation tools to support product and system development through simulation. This type of support is urgently required in many applications such as hand skill training for surgical operations, ergonomic study of a product or system developed and so forth. The aim of this work is to study the contact behaviour between the operators’ hand and a hand-held tool or other similar contacts, by developing a novel and precise nonlinear 3D finite element model of the hand and by investigating the contact behaviour through simulation. The contact behaviour is externalised by solving the problem using the bi-potential method. The human body’s biomechanical characteristics, such as hand deformity and structural behaviour, have been fully modelled by implementing anisotropic hyperelastic laws. A case study is given to illustrate the effectiveness of the approac
Vertical quantum wire realized with double cleaved-edge overgrowth
A quantum wire is fabricated on (001)-GaAs at the intersection of two
overgrown cleaves. The wire is contacted at each end to n+ GaAs layers via
two-dimensional (2D) leads. A sidegate controls the density of the wire
revealing conductance quantization. The step height is strongly reduced from
2e^2/h due to the 2D-lead series resistance. We characterize the 2D density and
mobility for both cleave facets with four-point measurements. The density on
the first facet is modulated by the substrate potential, depleting a 2um wide
strip that defines the wire length. Micro-photoluminescence shows an extra peak
consistent with 1D electron states at the corner.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figure
Four-point measurements of n- and p-type two-dimensional systems fabricated with cleaved-edge overgrowth
We demonstrate a contact design that allows four-terminal magnetotransport
measurements of cleaved-edge overgrown two-dimensional electron and hole
systems. By lithographically patterning and etching a bulk-doped surface layer,
finger-shaped leads are fabricated, which contact the two-dimensional systems
on the cleave facet. Both n- and p-type two-dimensional systems are
demonstrated at the cleaved edge, using Si as either donor or acceptor,
dependent on the growth conditions. Four-point measurements of both gated and
modulation-doped samples yield fractional quantum Hall features for both n- and
p-type, with several higher-order fractions evident in n-type modulation-doped
samples.Comment: 3 pages, 3 figure
Microscopic theory of solvent mediated long range forces: influence of wetting
We show that a general density functional approach for calculating the force
between two big particles immersed in a solvent of smaller ones can describe
systems that exhibit fluid-fluid phase separation: the theory captures effects
of strong adsorption (wetting) and of critical fluctuations in the solvent. We
illustrate the approach for the Gaussian core model, a simple model of a
polymer mixture in solution and find extremely attractive, long ranged solvent
mediated potentials between the big particles for state points lying close to
the binodal, on the side where the solvent is poor in the species which is
favoured by the big particles.Comment: 7 pages, 3 figures, submitted to Europhysics Letter
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