Analisa Pengaruh Penekukan dan Besarnya Arus pada Saluran Distribusi dan Instalasi yang Berpengaruh Terhadap Peningkatan Temperatur dan Penurunan Daya Isolasi Kabel dI PT. Dana Purna Investama (BCA KCU Diponegoro – Surabaya)

Kabel memiliki peranan yang sangat penting dalam proses penyaluran daya listrik, permasalahan yang banyak terjadi pada kabel adalah permasalahan pada isolasi sehingga bahan isolasi yang tidak dapat melakukan fungsinya dengan baik, salah satunya adalah karena peningkatan temperatur yang mengakibatkan kabel tersebut rusak. Untuk itu perlu menganalisa perubahan temperatur pada penekukan instalasi listrik, mengetahui kenaikan temperatur yang di iringi kenaikan arus, menganalisa pentingnya pembatasan sudut tekuk dalam instalasi listrik dan nilai isolasi sertai menentukan jumlah penekukan dalam satu saluran kabel. Metode penelitian ini dengan melakukan percobaan langsung di tempat penelitian yaitu dengan mengukur nilai dari daya isolasi dan konduktor serta temperatur kabel dengan sudut penekukan bervariasi yaitu 35˚, 60˚ , 90˚ dan 130˚ dengan arus yang mengalir yaitu 5A, 10A, 15A, 17 A,18A,19A dengan waktu yang di perlukan yaitu 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, 180, 210, 240, 270, 300, 330, 360, 390, 420, 430, dan 480 detik, dengan melakukan perhitungan yaitu pada waktu 30 detik, 240 dan 480 detik. Penelitian dilakukan di PT. Dana Purna Investama Bca (Kcu Diponegoro – Surabaya) yaitu untuk mengetahui pengaruh sudut penekukan dan besarnya arus kabel terhadap temperatur kabel. Dari data dapat di simpulkan bahwa kenaikan temperatur di sebabkan karena semakin kecil sudut penekukan (semakin lancip sudutnya) pada kabel akan menyebabkan temperatur kabel baik itu konduktor maupun isolasi kabel akan semakin meningkat dan terjadinya perubahan temperatur pada penekukan kabel terjadi karena adanya penyusutan yang semakin rendah dan kalor yang terbuang mengakibatkan perubahan temperatur

A design fuzzy logic controller for a permanent magnet wind generator to enhance the dynamic stability of wind farms

In this paper, a design fuzzy logic controller for a variable speed permanent magnet wind generator connected to a grid system through a LC-filter is proposed. A new current control method of grid side conversion is developed by integrating the fuzzy controller, in which both active and reactive power, delivered to a power grid system, is controlled effectively. The fuzzy logic controller is designed to adjust the gain parameters of the PI controllers under any operating conditions, so that the dynamic stability is enhanced. A new simple method, based on frequency response of the bode diagram, is proposed in the design of the fuzzy logic controller. To evaluate the controller system capabilities, simulation analyses are performed on a small wind farm model system including an induction wind generator connected to an infinite bus. The simulations have been performed using PSCAD/EMTDC. Simulation results show that the proposed control scheme is more effective for enhancing the stability of wind farms during temporary and permanent network disturbances and randomly fluctuating wind speed, compared with that of a conventional PI controller

Detailed and Average Models of a Grid-Connected MMC-Controlled Permanent Magnet Wind Turbine Generator

In this paper, a detailed model and an average model of an MMC (Modular Multilevel Converter)-controlled Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator (PMSG)-based direct drive wind turbine are proposed. The models are used to analyze the steady-state and transient characteristics of the grid connectivity study of the wind turbine generator. Configuration of the electrical topology and the control scheme of the wind turbine generator for both models are comprehensively presented. In the detailed model, the MMC circuit is represented by power electronic IGBTs, with switching phenomena considered. Meanwhile, in the average model, the MMC circuit is simplified by using voltage source representation, hence the complexity of the MMC circuit and the simulation duration of the analysis can be reduced. Comparative analysis between the detailed and the simplified models is also investigated through simulation performed using PSCAD/EMTDC. The simulation results show that both models have a good controllability and dynamic stability under steady-state and transient conditions. The simulation results also confirm that the average model has adequate accuracy, and simulation time can be reduced significantly

A Design Fuzzy Logic Controller for a Permanent Magnet Wind Generator to Enhance the Dynamic Stability of Wind Farms

In this paper, a design fuzzy logic controller for a variable speed permanent magnet wind generator connected to a grid system through a LC-filter is proposed. A new current control method of grid side conversion is developed by integrating the fuzzy controller, in which both active and reactive power, delivered to a power grid system, is controlled effectively. The fuzzy logic controller is designed to adjust the gain parameters of the PI controllers under any operating conditions, so that the dynamic stability is enhanced. A new simple method, based on frequency response of the bode diagram, is proposed in the design of the fuzzy logic controller. To evaluate the controller system capabilities, simulation analyses are performed on a small wind farm model system including an induction wind generator connected to an infinite bus. The simulations have been performed using PSCAD/EMTDC. Simulation results show that the proposed control scheme is more effective for enhancing the stability of wind farms during temporary and permanent network disturbances and randomly fluctuating wind speed, compared with that of a conventional PI controller

Detailed and Average Models of a Grid-Connected MMC-Controlled Permanent Magnet Wind Turbine Generator

In this paper, a detailed model and an average model of an MMC (Modular Multilevel Converter)-controlled Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator (PMSG)-based direct drive wind turbine are proposed. The models are used to analyze the steady-state and transient characteristics of the grid connectivity study of the wind turbine generator. Configuration of the electrical topology and the control scheme of the wind turbine generator for both models are comprehensively presented. In the detailed model, the MMC circuit is represented by power electronic IGBTs, with switching phenomena considered. Meanwhile, in the average model, the MMC circuit is simplified by using voltage source representation, hence the complexity of the MMC circuit and the simulation duration of the analysis can be reduced. Comparative analysis between the detailed and the simplified models is also investigated through simulation performed using PSCAD/EMTDC. The simulation results show that both models have a good controllability and dynamic stability under steady-state and transient conditions. The simulation results also confirm that the average model has adequate accuracy, and simulation time can be reduced significantly

Control energy management system for photovoltaic with bidirectional converter using deep neural network

Rapid population growth propels technological advancement, heightening electricity demand. Obsolete fossil fuel-based power facilities necessitate alternative energy sources. Photovoltaic (PV) energy relies on weather conditions, posing challenges for constant energy consumption. This hybrid energy source system (HESS) prototype employs extreme learning machine (ELM) power management to oversee PV, fossil fuel, and battery sources. ELM optimally selects power sources, adapting to varying conditions. A bidirectional converter (BDC) efficiently manages battery charging, discharging, and secondary power distribution. HESS ensures continuous load supply and swift response for system reliability. The optimal HESS design incorporates a single renewable source (PV), conventional energy (PNL and genset), and energy storage (battery). Supported by a BDC with over 80% efficiency in buck and boost modes, it stabilizes voltage and supplies power through flawless ELM-free logic verification. Google Colab online testing and hardware implementation with Arduino demonstrate ELM's reliability, maintaining a direct current (DC) 24 V interface voltage and ensuring its applicability for optimal HESS