Thermal aggregation study of C-terminal botulinum neurotoxin type E as a vaccine candidate

زمینه و هدف: مطالعه توده ای شدن حرارتی پروتئین یک روش ساده و مفید برای مطالعه مقاومت پروتئین به واسرشتگی حرارتی است و اطلاعات ارزشمندی در مورد ساختار پروتئین ارائه می دهد. از آنجایی که تا به حال هیچگونه اطلاعاتی در مورد ساختار زیر واحد اتصال دهنده ی نوروتوکسین بوتولینوم تیپ E (rBoNT/E-HCC) گزارش نشده است، لذا این مطالعه با هدف بررسی ساختاری پروتئین مذکور، یافتن شرایط pH بهینه برای آن و توده ای شدن حرارتی پروتئین طراحی شده است. روش بررسی: در این مطالعه توصیفی آزمایشگاهی، توده ای شدن حرارتی پروتئین با روش طیف سنجی مرئی- فرابنفش در pH های 2، 5، 4/7 و 9 مورد مطالعه قرار گرفت. نهایتاً به منظور ارزیابی نتایج توده ای شدن حرارتی، مطالعات طیف سنجی فلورسانس نیز صورت گرفت. یافته ها: نتایج نشان داد که زیر واحد اتصال دهنده ی نوروتوکسین بوتولینوم تیپ E در pH های اسیدی فشرده تر و در pH های بالاتر بازتر است. نتیجه گیری: هر چند بر اساس نتایج زیر واحد اتصال دهنده ی نوروتوکسین بوتولینوم تیپ E در pH های اسیدی فشرده تر است، با این حال فشرده تر بودن پروتئین، لزوماً به معنای پایداری بیشتر پروتئین نیست، چرا که ممکن است مکانیسم های دخیل در فشردگی و پایداری پروتئین بسیار متفاوت باشند

Trapezoidal type inequalities related to h-convex functions with applications

A mapping M(t) is considered to obtain some preliminary results and a new trapezoidal form of Fejer inequality related to the h-convex functions. Furthermore the obtained results are applied to achieve some new inequalities in connection with special means, random variable and trapezoidal formula

A note on characterization of h-convex functions via Hermite-Hadamard type inequality

A characterization of h-convex function via Hermite-Hadamard inequality related to the h-convex functions is investigated. In fact it is determined that under what conditions a function is h-convex, if it satisfies the h-convex version of Hermite-Hadamard inequality

COVID-19: The Immune Responses and Clinical Therapy Candidates.

The pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), with rising numbers of patients worldwide, presents an urgent need for effective treatments. To date, there are no therapies or vaccines that are proven to be effective against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Several potential candidates or repurposed drugs are under investigation, including drugs that inhibit SARS-CoV-2 replication and block infection. The most promising therapy to date is remdesivir, which is US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved for emergency use in adults and children hospitalized with severe suspected or laboratory-confirmed COVID-19. Herein we summarize the general features of SARS-CoV-2's molecular and immune pathogenesis and discuss available pharmacological strategies, based on our present understanding of SARS-CoV and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infections. Finally, we outline clinical trials currently in progress to investigate the efficacy of potential therapies for COVID-19

An investigation on the feeding behavior of common kilka (Clupeonella cultriventris caspia) in the southern Caspian Sea, Mazandaran Province, Iran

Monthly samples of common kilka (Clupeonella cultriventris caspia) were collected at night on board of kilka fishing vessel during the years 2004-2005 in Mazandran province. The decreasing kilka population in the Caspian Sea and the associated economic loss of fisheries sector were the main reasons encouraging the research. The stomach contents of common kilka and biotic and abiotic factors at the fishing areas were examined in this project. The length and weight of common kilka fluctuated between 100 ±7 to 113 ±5 mm and 7.0 ±1.9 to10.3 ±1.0g, respectively. The highest feeding activity was observed in April with 280 plus or minus 153 individuals of prey weighing 2.9 plus or minus 1.6mg per fish consisted of 7% Acartia and 93% Balanus nauplii and cipris. The zooplankton population taken in during March to September was composed of Balanus nauplii and cipris (67% to 100%) but the biomass of copepoda (Acartia) was dominant from October to February. We observed that with increasing temperature in spring, Balanus reproduced and the stomach contents of kilka comprised more than 90% Balanus cipris and nauplii. In winter, Copepoda was observed more in stomach contents of kilka while Balanus decreased

Distribution of zooplankton in the southern Caspian Sea

The zooplanktons were studied in spring, autumn and winter in the southern Caspian Sea in 1996. Sampling carried out in four season. In each season, 180 specimens were identified and their frequency calculated per m^3. 55 species of zooplanktons were identified including 55% Cladocera, 15% Copepoda and 11 % Rotatoria, 9% other groups such as meroplanktons. The maximum species diversity was observed for Cladocera and the maximum frequency were observed for Copepoda. The Copepoda affected on abundance of zooplanktons as this frequency included in spring, summer, autumn and winter that were 38% to 97%, 22% to 92%, 71 % to 99% and 31 % to 92%, respectively. In summer, the Copepoda and lamellibranchiata larvae had main role in formation of zooplankton population in western region of the southern Caspian Sea, but in autumn, 70% of zooplankton population were copepods. The frequency of zooplanktons in spring, summer, autumn and winter were calculated 4081 to 20143; 7812 to 65741; 10850 to 34406 and 4510 to 20576 inch/m^3, respectively. The maximum biomass was observed during summer with 200 mg/m^3