Mejora genética y parámetros de calidad del silaje de sorgo (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) en comparación con el ensilaje de maíz (Zea mays L.)

The aim of this review was to report studies on genetic improvement of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench), intended for obtaining genotypes with better forage characteristics for silage production. Among the forages destined to silage production, the sorghum constitutes a good alternative, with production superior to 20 t ha-1 of dry biomass. The main advantage of using sorghum is the possibility of producing higher biomass volume and better quality silage, with digestible fibers of great animal consumption and performance, in areas where cultivation restrictions for maize and others forages are risky and/or impossible. One of the limitations of using sorghum on animal nutrition is the tannin concentration in the grain, relating negatively with dry mass digestibility. By means of genetic improvement, such situation, through the knowledge of genetic inheritance of this characteristic, enabled 95% of the national sorghum to be devoid from tannin in the grains. As for the bromatological composition of silage, the sorghum presents fiber levels on neutral detergent varying from 52% to 56% against 45% to 64% in maize, in acid detergent from 32% to 35% against 28% to 35% in maize, and dry matter digestibility in vitro from 52% to 56% against 54% to 78% in maize, evidencing strong similarities regarding these parameters. The genetic improvement has made the sorghum cultivation an alternative to the maize replacement for animal nutrition.O objetivo desta revisão foi relatar trabalhos com melhoramento genético de sorgo (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench), destinados a obtenção de genótipos com melhores características forrageiras para produção de silagem. Entre as forrageiras destinadas a produção de silagens o sorgo constitui-se numa boa alternativa com produtividade superior a 20 t ha-1 de biomassa seca. O grande destaque na utilização do sorgo é a possibilidade de se produzir maior volume de biomassa e uma silagem de melhor qualidade com fibras digestíveis de elevado consumo e desempenho animal, em áreas de restrição ao cultivo do milho e/ou outras forrageiras se torna impossível ou de risco. Um dos limitadores do uso do sorgo na nutrição animal é a concentração de taninos condensados no grão por relacionar-se negativamente com a digestibilidade da matéria seca. Por meio do melhoramento tal situação, via conhecimento das heranças genéticas desta característica, possibilitou atualmente em 95% do sorgo nacional não possuir tanino nos grãos. Quanto à composição bromatológica de silagem, o sorgo apresenta teores de fibra em detergente neutro variando 52% a 56% contra 45% a 64% em milho, fibra em detergente ácido de 32% a 35% contra 28% a 35% em milho e digestibilidade in vitro da matéria seca de 52% a 56% contra 54% a 78% em milho, evidenciando fortes semelhanças quanto a estes parâmetros. O melhoramento genético tornou a cultura do sorgo forrajeiro em uma opção alternativa a substituição do milho na alimentação animal.El objetivo de esta revisión fue reportar artículos a respecto de la mejora genética del sorgo (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) con el fin de la obtención de genotipos con las mejores características de forraje para ensilado. Entre las forrajee destinados a la producción de ensilaje el sorgo constituye una buena alternativa con productividad superior a 20 t ha-1 de biomasa seca. Lo más destacado en el uso de sorgo es la posibilidad de producir mayor volumen de biomasa y ensilaje de mejor calidad, con fibras digeribles de alto consumo y rendimiento animal en las zonas de restricción de cultivo de maíz y/o otros forrajes se convierte en imposible o de riesgo. Uno de los limitadores del sorgo en la alimentación animal es la concentración de taninos condensados en el grano por se relacionaren negativamente con la digestibilidad de la materia seca. Por medio del mejoramiento esta situación, a través del conocimiento de la herencia genética de esta característica, permitió actualmente en 95% del sorgo nacional no tener el tanino en el grano. Cuanto a la composición bromatológica del ensilaje, el sorgo presenta fibra detergente neutro que van de 52% a 56% contra 45% a 64% en el maíz, fibra detergente ácida de 32% a 35% contra 28% a 35% en el maíz y digestibilidad in vitro de la materia seca de 52% a 56% contra 54% a 78% en el maíz, que muestran fuertes similitudes en estos parámetros. El mejoramiento genético tornó la cultura del sorgo forrajero en una opción alternativa para reemplazar el maíz en la alimentación animal

Clinical signs and occurrence of antibodies anti-Chlamydophila abortus in ovines of Sao Paulo and Minas Gerais

A Chlamydophila abortusi, anteriormente conhecida como Chlamydia psittaci sovovar 1, é uma bactéria Gram negativa, intracelular obrigatória. Esse micro-organismo é frequentemente encontrado em distúrbios reprodutivos em ovinos, bovinos e caprinos, sendo o aborto epizoótico dos bovinos e o aborto enzoótico dos ovinos e caprinos as manifestações mais importantes. Considerando-se o pouco material literário a respeito da clamidofilose no Brasil, a pesquisa teve como objetivo determinar a presença de anticorpos fixadores de complemento anti-Chlamydophila abortusi, correlacionando os resultados obtidos com achados no exame clínico e histórico dos animais, além de alterações nos índices zootécnicos, em especial na esfera reprodutiva, tais como alto índice de repetição de cio, número elevado de abortamentos, elevado número de natimortos, entre outros. Foram testadas para prova de fixação do complemento 220 amostras de soro de ovinos, de 26 propriedades, distribuídas em 19 municípios, com relato de manifestação reprodutiva, obtendo-se 19,55% (43/220) de testes positivos para Chlamydophila abortusi, com ocorrência de foco constatada de 61,53%. No geral, a titulação de anticorpos encontrada foi baixa, com título não superior a 64. A frequência de manifestação reprodutiva mais observada foi o aborto, representando 65,12% (28/43) do número total de animais soropositivos, seguido de repetição de cio juntamente com nascimento de cordeiro fraco, com frequência de 6,98% (3/43) e, por fim, morte neonatal com 4,65% (2/43), sendo que não houve associação significativa entre animais que foram positivos ao teste e a esses fatores.The Chlamydophila abortus was previously known as Chlamydia psittaci sorovar 1, it is a Gram negative and obligate intracellular bacteria. This microorganism is frequently related with reproductive manifestation in ovines, goats and bovines. The major manifestation are Enzootic abortion in bovines and enzootic abortion in small ruminants. There are few literary material about clamidofilosis in Brazil, so the present research had the objective to determine the presence of complement fixing antibodies anti-Chlamydophila abortus, correlating the results with the clinical examination and historical of the animals, besides variation in the zootecnic index, especially in the reproductive characters like high index of cio repetition, high abortion number, high neonatal mortality number etc. It was tested for the complement fixation test 220 serum ovine samples, from 26 properties, distributed in 19 cities, with historical of reproductive manifestation. It was found 19.55% (43/220) of positive tests to Chlamydophila abortus, obtaining 61.53% of focus occurrence. In the study low antibodies titers were found, not superior of 64. Abortion was the major reproductive manifestation observed, expressing 65.12% (28/43) of the total number animals serum positive, followed by estrus repetition and weak lamb born, with a frequency of 6.98% (3/43) and, lastly, neonatal mortality death with 4.65% (2/43). No significant association was observed between serum positivity and these factors

Clinical signs and occurrence of antibodies anti-Chlamydophila abortus in ovines of São Paulo and Minas Gerais

A Chlamydophila abortus, anteriormente conhecida como Chlamydia psittaci sovovar 1, é uma bactéria Gram negativa, intracelular obrigatória. Esse micro-organismo é frequentemente encontrado em distúrbios reprodutivos em ovinos, bovinos e caprinos, sendo o aborto epizoótico dos bovinos e o aborto enzoótico dos ovinos e caprinos as manifestações mais importantes. Considerando-se o pouco material literário a respeito da clamidofilose no Brasil, a pesquisa teve como objetivo determinar a presença de anticorpos fixadores de complemento anti-Chlamydophila abortus, correlacionando os resultados obtidos com achados no exame clínico e histórico dos animais, além de alterações nos índices zootécnicos, em especial na esfera reprodutiva, tais como alto índice de repetição de cio, número elevado de abortamentos, elevado número de natimortos, entre outros. Foram testadas para prova de fixação do complemento 220 amostras de soro de ovinos, de 26 propriedades, distribuídas em 19 municípios, com relato de manifestação reprodutiva, obtendo-se 19,55% (43/220) de testes positivos para Chlamydophila abortus, com ocorrência de foco constatada de 61,53%. No geral, a titulação de anticorpos encontrada foi baixa, com título não superior a 64. A frequência de manifestação reprodutiva mais observada foi o aborto, representando 65,12% (28/43) do número total de animais soropositivos, seguido de repetição de cio juntamente com nascimento de cordeiro fraco, com frequência de 6,98% (3/ 43) e, por fim, morte neonatal com 4,65% (2/43), sendo que não houve associação significativa entre animais que foram positivos ao teste e a esses fatores.The Chlamydophila abortus was previously known as Chlamydia psittaci sorovar 1, it is a Gram negative and obligate intracellular bacteria. This microorganism is frequently related with reproductive manifestation in ovines, goats and bovines. The major manifestation are Enzootic abortion in bovines and enzootic abortion in small ruminants. There are few literary material about clamidofilosis in Brazil, so the present research had the objective to determine the presence of complement fixing antibodies anti-Chlamydophila abortus, correlating the results with the clinical examination and historical of the animals, besides variation in the zootecnic index, especially in the reproductive characters like high index of cio repetition, high abortion number, high neonatal mortality number etc. It was tested for the complement fixation test 220 serum ovine samples, from 26 properties, distributed in 19 cities, with historical of reproductive manifestation. It was found 19.55% (43/220) of positive tests to Chlamydophila abortus, obtaining 61.53% of focus occurrence. In the study low antibodies titers were found, not superior of 64. Abortion was the major reproductive manifestation observed, expressing 65.12% (28/43) of the total number animals serum positive, followed by estrus repetition and weak lamb born, with a frequency of 6.98% (3/43) and, lastly, neonatal mortality death with 4.65% (2/43). No significant association was observed between serum positivity and these factors

Association among inflammaging, body composition, physical activity, and physical function tests in physically active women

BackgroundInflammaging is a phenomenon that has been associated with the development and progression of sarcopenia and frailty syndrome. According to the literature, on the one side, the increase in body fat is associated with a systemic pro-inflammatory status, which consequently favors inflammaging, and on the other side, the regular practice of physical exercise can mitigate the development of this scenario. Therefore, here, we aimed to evaluate the association between inflammaging and physical factors, both body and functional, in a group of physically active older women.MethodsSeventy older women (mean age 72.66 ± 6.17 years) participated in this observational cross-sectional and were separated into the eutrophic, overweight, and obese groups. It was assessed: by bioimpedance—body fat percentage (Fat%) and total (Fat kg), skeletal muscle mass (muscle), and free fat mass both in percentage (FFM%) and total (FFMkg); by the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ)—the time of moderate-intensity physical activity per week; by physical tests—handgrip (HG), sit-up-stand-on-the-chair in 5 repetitions (Sit-up) and vertical squat jump test (SJ); in addition to the determination of serum cytokine concentration (IL-6, TNF-α, IL-10, and IL-8), and also body mass index (BMI) and calf circumference (Calf).ResultsHigher FFM% and lower body fat (both kg and %) were found in the eutrophic group than in the other groups. The eutrophic group also performed more weekly physical activity, jumped higher, and presented not only higher serum IL-6 concentration but also an increased ratio of IL-10/IL-6, IL-10/TNF-α, IL-10/IL-8 as compared to the values found in the overweight group. The obese group presented higher body fat (kg and %) and lower FFM% than the other groups and also higher serum IL-6 concentration than the overweight group. Interestingly, several significant negative and positive correlations between body composition, physical tests, and serum cytokine concentrations were found in the eutrophic and obese groups.ConclusionWhile the eutrophic older women group showed a remarkable regulation of the systemic inflammatory status with positive associations in the physical parameters assessed, the overweight and obese groups presented impairment regulations of the inflammaging, which could be related to less weekly physical activity and higher body fat

Refined physical parameters for Chariklo's body and rings from stellar occultations observed between 2013 and 2020

Context. The Centaur (10199) Chariklo has the first ring system discovered around a small object. It was first observed using stellar occultation in 2013. Stellar occultations allow sizes and shapes to be determined with kilometre accuracy, and provide the characteristics of the occulting object and its vicinity. Aims. Using stellar occultations observed between 2017 and 2020, our aim is to constrain the physical parameters of Chariklo and its rings. We also determine the structure of the rings, and obtain precise astrometrical positions of Chariklo. Methods. We predicted and organised several observational campaigns of stellar occultations by Chariklo. Occultation light curves were measured from the datasets, from which ingress and egress times, and the ring widths and opacity values were obtained. These measurements, combined with results from previous works, allow us to obtain significant constraints on Chariklo's shape and ring structure. Results. We characterise Chariklo's ring system (C1R and C2R), and obtain radii and pole orientations that are consistent with, but more accurate than, results from previous occultations. We confirm the detection of W-shaped structures within C1R and an evident variation in radial width. The observed width ranges between 4.8 and 9.1 km with a mean value of 6.5 km. One dual observation (visible and red) does not reveal any differences in the C1R opacity profiles, indicating a ring particle size larger than a few microns. The C1R ring eccentricity is found to be smaller than 0.022 (3σ), and its width variations may indicate an eccentricity higher than ~0.005. We fit a tri-axial shape to Chariklo's detections over 11 occultations, and determine that Chariklo is consistent with an ellipsoid with semi-axes of 143.8-1.5+1.4, 135.2-2.8+1.4, and 99.1-2.7+5.4 km. Ultimately, we provided seven astrometric positions at a milliarcsecond accuracy level, based on Gaia EDR3, and use it to improve Chariklo's ephemeris.Fil: Morgado, B.E.. Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique. Observatoire de Paris; Francia. Ministério de Ciencia, Tecnologia e Innovacao. Observatorio Nacional; BrasilFil: Sicardy, Bruno. Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique. Observatoire de Paris; FranciaFil: Braga Ribas, Felipe. Ministério de Ciencia, Tecnologia e Innovacao. Observatorio Nacional; Brasil. Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique. Observatoire de Paris; Francia. Universidade Tecnologia Federal do Parana; BrasilFil: Desmars, Josselin. Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique. Observatoire de Paris; FranciaFil: Gomes Júnior, Altair Ramos. Universidade de Sao Paulo; BrasilFil: Bérard, D.. Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique. Observatoire de Paris; FranciaFil: Leiva, Rodrigo. Universidad de Chile; Chile. Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique. Observatoire de Paris; FranciaFil: Vieira Martins, Roberto. Ministério de Ciencia, Tecnologia e Innovacao. Observatorio Nacional; Brasil. Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro; BrasilFil: Benedetti Rossi, G.. Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique. Observatoire de Paris; Francia. Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo; BrasilFil: Santos Sanz, Pablo. Ministério de Ciencia, Tecnologia e Innovacao. Observatorio Nacional; BrasilFil: Camargo, Julio Ignacio Bueno. Ministério de Ciencia, Tecnologia e Innovacao. Observatorio Nacional; BrasilFil: Duffard, R.. Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro; BrasilFil: Rommel, F.L.. Ministério de Ciencia, Tecnologia e Innovacao. Observatorio Nacional; BrasilFil: Assafin, M.. Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique. Observatoire de Paris; FranciaFil: Boufleur, R.C.. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba; ArgentinaFil: Colas, F.. Ministério de Ciencia, Tecnologia e Innovacao. Observatorio Nacional; BrasilFil: Kretlow, Mike. Ministério de Ciencia, Tecnologia e Innovacao. Observatorio Nacional; BrasilFil: Beisker, W.. University of North Carolina; Estados UnidosFil: Sfair, Rafael. Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique. Observatoire de Paris; FranciaFil: Snodgrass, Colin. University of Edinburgh; Reino UnidoFil: Morales, N.. Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile; Chile. Universidad Católica de Chile; ChileFil: Fernández Valenzuela, E.. Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile; Chile. Universidad Católica de Chile; ChileFil: Amaral, L.S.. Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Estados UnidosFil: Amarante, A.. Ministério de Ciencia, Tecnologia e Innovacao. Observatorio Nacional; BrasilFil: Artola, R.A.. Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique. Observatoire de Paris; FranciaFil: Backes, M.. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba; ArgentinaFil: Bath, K. L.. University of North Carolina; Estados UnidosFil: Bouley, S.. University of St. Andrews; Reino UnidoFil: Garcia Lambas, Diego Rodolfo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto de Astronomía Teórica y Experimental. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Observatorio Astronómico de Córdoba. Instituto de Astronomía Teórica y Experimental; ArgentinaFil: Schneiter, Ernesto Matías. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales. Departamento de Ingeniería Económica y Legal; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto de Astronomía Teórica y Experimental. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Observatorio Astronómico de Córdoba. Instituto de Astronomía Teórica y Experimental; Argentin

Omecamtiv mecarbil in chronic heart failure with reduced ejection fraction, GALACTIC‐HF: baseline characteristics and comparison with contemporary clinical trials

Aims: The safety and efficacy of the novel selective cardiac myosin activator, omecamtiv mecarbil, in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) is tested in the Global Approach to Lowering Adverse Cardiac outcomes Through Improving Contractility in Heart Failure (GALACTIC‐HF) trial. Here we describe the baseline characteristics of participants in GALACTIC‐HF and how these compare with other contemporary trials. Methods and Results: Adults with established HFrEF, New York Heart Association functional class (NYHA) ≥ II, EF ≤35%, elevated natriuretic peptides and either current hospitalization for HF or history of hospitalization/ emergency department visit for HF within a year were randomized to either placebo or omecamtiv mecarbil (pharmacokinetic‐guided dosing: 25, 37.5 or 50 mg bid). 8256 patients [male (79%), non‐white (22%), mean age 65 years] were enrolled with a mean EF 27%, ischemic etiology in 54%, NYHA II 53% and III/IV 47%, and median NT‐proBNP 1971 pg/mL. HF therapies at baseline were among the most effectively employed in contemporary HF trials. GALACTIC‐HF randomized patients representative of recent HF registries and trials with substantial numbers of patients also having characteristics understudied in previous trials including more from North America (n = 1386), enrolled as inpatients (n = 2084), systolic blood pressure < 100 mmHg (n = 1127), estimated glomerular filtration rate < 30 mL/min/1.73 m2 (n = 528), and treated with sacubitril‐valsartan at baseline (n = 1594). Conclusions: GALACTIC‐HF enrolled a well‐treated, high‐risk population from both inpatient and outpatient settings, which will provide a definitive evaluation of the efficacy and safety of this novel therapy, as well as informing its potential future implementation

Sinais clínicos e ocorrência de anticorpos anti-Chlamydophila abortus em ovinos de São Paulo e Minas Gerais Clinical signs and occurrence of antibodies anti-Chlamydophila abortus in ovines of São Paulo and Minas Gerais

A Chlamydophila abortusi, anteriormente conhecida como Chlamydia psittaci sovovar 1, é uma bactéria Gram negativa, intracelular obrigatória. Esse micro-organismo é frequentemente encontrado em distúrbios reprodutivos em ovinos, bovinos e caprinos, sendo o aborto epizoótico dos bovinos e o aborto enzoótico dos ovinos e caprinos as manifestações mais importantes. Considerando-se o pouco material literário a respeito da clamidofilose no Brasil, a pesquisa teve como objetivo determinar a presença de anticorpos fixadores de complemento anti-Chlamydophila abortusi, correlacionando os resultados obtidos com achados no exame clínico e histórico dos animais, além de alterações nos índices zootécnicos, em especial na esfera reprodutiva, tais como alto índice de repetição de cio, número elevado de abortamentos, elevado número de natimortos, entre outros. Foram testadas para prova de fixação do complemento 220 amostras de soro de ovinos, de 26 propriedades, distribuídas em 19 municípios, com relato de manifestação reprodutiva, obtendo-se 19,55% (43/220) de testes positivos para Chlamydophila abortusi, com ocorrência de foco constatada de 61,53%. No geral, a titulação de anticorpos encontrada foi baixa, com título não superior a 64. A frequência de manifestação reprodutiva mais observada foi o aborto, representando 65,12% (28/43) do número total de animais soropositivos, seguido de repetição de cio juntamente com nascimento de cordeiro fraco, com frequência de 6,98% (3/43) e, por fim, morte neonatal com 4,65% (2/43), sendo que não houve associação significativa entre animais que foram positivos ao teste e a esses fatores.<br>The Chlamydophila abortusi was previously known as Chlamydia psittaci sorovar 1, it is a Gram negative and obligate intracellular bacteria. This microorganism is frequently related with reproductive manifestation in ovines, goats and bovines. The major manifestation are Enzootic abortion in bovines and enzootic abortion in small ruminants. There are few literary material about clamidofilosis in Brazil, so the present research had the objective to determine the presence of complement fixing antibodies anti-Chlamydophila abortusi, correlating the results with the clinical examination and historical of the animals, besides variation in the zootecnic index, especially in the reproductive characters like high index of cio repetition, high abortion number, high neonatal mortality number etc. It was tested for the complement fixation test 220 serum ovine samples, from 26 properties, distributed in 19 cities, with historical of reproductive manifestation. It was found 19.55% (43/220) of positive tests to Chlamydophila abortusi, obtaining 61.53% of focus occurrence. In the study low antibodies titers were found, not superior of 64. Abortion was the major reproductive manifestation observed, expressing 65.12% (28/43) of the total number animals serum positive, followed by estrus repetition and weak lamb born, with a frequency of 6.98% (3/43) and, lastly, neonatal mortality death with 4.65% (2/43). No significant association was observed between serum positivity and these factors

Efficacy of cefquinome and a combination of cloxacillin and ampicillin for treatment of dairy cows with Streptococcus agalactiae subclinical mastitis.

A randomized clinical trial was conducted to assess efficacy of intramammary cloxacillin and ampicillin (CLOXIMM), intramammary cefquinome (CEFIMM), and intramuscular cefquinome (CEFIM) to treat Streptococcus agalactiae intramammary infections (Trial 1). Subsequently, two treatment groups were extended to assess whether CLOXIMM was not inferior to CEFIMM (Trial 2). Nine farms were included in the study. Milk samples were collected from all quarters of all lactating cows for microbiological identification of S. agalactiae. Positive cows were randomly allocated into four groups: CLOXIMM, CEFIMM, CEFIM, or negative control (CONTROL). Study outcomes were bacteriological cure at 14 (CURE14), 21 (CURE21), and 14 and 21 (CURE1421) days after treatment onset, and somatic cell count. Logistic regression was used to estimate the odds of cure between each treatment and CONTROL. Non-inferiority analysis was performed considering a one-sided 95% confidence interval (CI) and non-inferiority margins (Δ) of 0.10, 0.15, 0.20, and 0.25. Adjusted S. agalactiae bacteriological cure for CLOXIMM, CEFIMM, CEFIM, and CONTROL was 86, 98, 55, and 25% at day 14; 82, 93, 52, and 0% at day 21; and 82, 92, 40, and 0% at days 14 and 21, respectively. Treatment with CLOXIMM and CEFIMM resulted in greater bacteriological cure rates, as compared with CEFIM or CONTROL, which does not justify the use of CEFIM in S. agalactiae eradication programs. The CURE14 difference between CEFIMM and CLOXIMM was of 12.1 percentage points (95% CI: 0.056-0.184). CLOXIMM was considered not inferior to CEFIMM for Δ = 0.20 or 0.25 and inconclusive for Δ = 0.10 or 0.15. Thus, it should be pondered by veterinarians whether an expected 12.1 (5.6-18.4) percentage points increase in cure rate would justify the use of a fourth-generation cephalosporin, as opposed to a combination of traditional IMM drugs (cloxacillin and ampicillin) to treat S. agalactiae subclinical mastitis

Ocorrência dos principais agentes bacterianos e parasitários em fezes diarreicas de bezerros búfalos nos estados de São Paulo e Paraná

A população de bubalinos estimada no Brasil é de aproximadamente 3 milhões de animais, encontrando-se distribuídos em todos os Estados brasileiros, com crescimento médio anual de 12%. Apesar disso, os trabalhos realizados buscando os avanços na bubalinocultura são escassos. Em função da complexidade etiológica da diarreia em bubalinos e da falta de informações recentes nesta área, o presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a ocorrência dos principais agentes bacterianos e parasitários envolvidos na diarreia de bezerros búfalos lactentes, de explorações leiteiras semi-intensivas e intensivas em regiões dos estados de São Paulo e Paraná. De março de 2010 a junho de 2011, foram colhidas 53 amostras para exame coproparasitológico e 46 amostras para o exame bacteriológico de animais com quadro de diarreia nos municípios paulistas de São João da Boa Vista, Dourado, Pirassununga, Registro, Pariquera Açu, Pilar do Sul e uma propriedade no estado do Paraná, município de Santana do Itararé. No exame parasitológico, 45,28% (24) foram positivos para Eimeria spp., 26,42% (14) para Strongyloidea e 1,88 (1) para Toxocara vitulorum. No exame bacteriológico, 97,83%, (45) das amostras foram positivas para E. coli, contudo, somente duas foram consideradas patogênicas (E. coliSTEC). Em uma amostra (2,17%) isolou-se Klebsiella pneumoniae; já a presença de Salmonella spp. não foi constatada. Para o presente estudo, a presença de endoparasitas foi bastante relevante, principalmente os casos Eimeria spp., sendo a higiene das instalações e falhas de manejo fatores importantes na ocorrência de diarreia em bezerros búfalos no estado de São Paulo