Priming Young Minds:The Appeal of Gambling Advertising to Children and Young People

In total, 55,000 children in the United Kingdom are classified as “problem gamblers” (Gambling Commis- sion 2019). Marketing has played a big part in this development. While advertising codes state that “Gambling marketing must not be of strong appeal to children and young persons,” no one has investigated what actually does and does not “appeal” to them. This research with 210 children (11- to 17-year-olds); 222 young persons (18- to 24-year-olds); and 221 adults (25- to 78-year-olds) investigated for the first time whether current gambling advertising appeals more to children, young persons or adults. The results show that gambling advertising on Twitter/X is significantly more appealing to chil- dren and young persons than to adults. Furthermore, children have mostly positive emotions after seeing gambling ads, in stark contrast to adults who have negative emotions after exposure. The research raises concerns about the role of advertising in priming children to gamble. A range of recommendations are made for regulators and future research

«Peripezia» ed «estasi della catastrofe»: figure della tragedia nei romanzi di Proust e Joyce

The paper considers the presence of  subjects and structures belonging to the aesthetics of the tragic in the work of Marcel Proust and James Joyce. In the first place, the authors’ meditations on tragedies and on the concept of the tragic are compared; the influence derived from tragic plays such as Racine’s Phèdre and Shakespeare’s Hamlet is then analysed and commented on, following the intertextual links and their echo in the characters and plots in the Recherche and Ulysses. Finally, we seek to understand how the tragic meaning of events is developed beyond its aesthetic implications.L’articolo prende in esame la presenza di tematiche e strutture assimilabili all’estetica del tragico nelle opere di Marcel Proust e James Joyce,. Vengono in primo luogo confrontate le riflessioni sulla tragedia e sul concetto di tragico degli autori; successivamente viene considerato l’influsso esercitato da opere come la Phèdre di Racine e l’Hamlet shakespeariano, sia al livello di rimandi intertestuali nelle opere, che le loro effettive risonanze nei caratteri e trame della Recherche e di Ulysses. Si cerca infine di comprendere come il significato tragico degli eventi venga rielaborato al di là delle sue implicazioni estetiche

Ontologie del soggetto : Proust, Joyce e Kafka narratori modernisti

Cette thèse se propose d’éclaircir des aspects communs au développement des genres narratifs dans la phase du modernisme européen autour de la Première Guerre mondiale à travers l’analyse comparée des œuvres et des projets littéraires de Marcel Proust, Franz Kafka et James Joyce. La démarche comparatiste se construit autour d’une réflexion sur les fonctions de la littérature dans le cadre de la modernité et du rapport au passé culturel, de la transformation des différentes instances subjectives opérant au niveau de l’autoreprésentation de l’écrivain et des personnages, ainsi que des différents aspects de la crise, de sa problématisation et enfin des déplacements de la notion d’expérience dans sa configuration narrative. Une pluralité de méthodes et des approches théoriques en est venue à s’imposer, allant de l’histoire des genres littéraires à la critique philosophique, de la perspective sociologique sur les processus de transformation opérant à l’échelle globale jusqu’aux propositions les plus récentes dans le champ des études modernistes. Chaque pôle thématique est ainsi traité selon sa spécificité mais aussi comme un élément paradigmatique commun aux auteurs examinés, utile à la compréhension du modernisme narratif. L’hypothèse à la base du présent travail concerne donc un lieu commun de la critique contemporaine, à savoir l’idée que la littérature au XXe siècle est marquée par une discontinuité nette face aux pratiques narratives du siècle précédent. Quelques fondements de ce principe sont remis en question, notamment concernant les concepts d’autonomie esthétique et celui de réalisme. Nous cherchons à comprendre de quelle manière ces idées, développées au cours du XIXe siècle, fournissent au modernisme les critères de vérité en lui permettant de créer une nouvelle perspective existentielle de l’œuvre comme explication subjective du monde, que nous proposerons d’appeler « ontologie du sujet ».This research project focuses on some aspects in the development of modernist narratives before and immediately after World War I, through the analysis of literary projects and works by Proust, Joyce and Kafka. The comparison between these three authors is based on topics such as the function of literature in modern context and its relationship to cultural past ; the innovation regarding subjectivity in fiction, from the self-representation of the writer to the creation of characters ; the various aspects of crisis in the narrative configuration of experience, as well as the broadening of its signification. Such a framework required a wide scope in theoretical and methodological approaches, going from the history of literary genres to sociology, from philosophical views to the latest propositions in the field of Modernist Studies. Each one of the three thematic poles of the research is thus treated according to its specificity, but also as part of a common paradigm, which may be useful to a better understanding of a cultural phenomenon such us modernist narratives, which has not been completely historicized yet. The fundamental hypothesis of the entire research is thereby related to a common principle in literary criticism : the idea that the 20th century is marked by general discontinuity with the aesthetics belonging to the previous century. We question some of the theoretical foundations to this principle, especially regarding the perception of the revolt against the aesthetics of Symbolism and Naturalism, and proceed by trying to understand how categories such as that of aesthetic autonomy and realism are transformed and revitalized by the authors, becoming the inherited criteria of truth allowing the modernist work of narration to turn itself into a subjective description of the general sense of being, or as what we call it here, an «ontology of the subject».Questa tesi cerca d’indagare e capire alcuni aspetti dello sviluppo dei generi narrativi nella fase del modernismo europeo, nel periodo immediatamente antecedente e successivo alla prima guerra mondiale, attraverso l’analisi delle opere e progetti letterari di Marcel Proust, James Joyce e Franz Kafka. Il confronto fra gli autori si svolge intorno a tre aree tematiche : la riflessione sulla funzione della letteratura nel contesto della modernità e il rapporto col passato culturale; la trasformazione delle diverse istanze soggettive implicate al livello della finzione, dall’auto-rappresentazione dello scrittore alla creazione dei personaggi ; i diversi aspetti della crisi, ma anche dell’ampliamento dei significati inerenti il concetto di esperienza e le sue configurazioni narrative. In una tale prospettiva si è resa necessaria una molteplicità di metodi e approcci teorici, comprendente la storia dei generi, la sociologia e l’ermeneutica letteraria di derivazione filosofica, nonché un’attenzione particolare ai risultati ottenuti dai Modernist Studies negli ultimi vent’anni. I tre poli tematici della tesi vengono perciò trattati ciascuno secondo la propria particolarità, ma anche come elementi di un possibile paradigma, utile alla comprensione di un fenomeno culturale non completamente storicizzato come il modernismo narrativo. L’ipotesi fondamentale che percorre l’intero lavoro si riferisce dunque a un luogo comune della critica contemporanea, ovvero l’idea che il Novecento letterario cominci da una discontinuità netta rispetto alle pratiche narrative del secolo precedente. La tesi rimette in discussione alcuni fondamenti critici di questo principio, come la rottura con le estetiche del naturalismo e del simbolismo. Si cerca invece di comprendere come le categorie dell’autonomia estetica e del realismo vengano rielaborate e integrate nell’opera degli autori, ricavando in tal modo i criteri di verità che permettono al romanzo e al racconto modernisti di farsi descrizione soggettiva del senso dell’essere, fenomeno che nel presente lavoro si propone di chiamare « ontologia del soggetto »

Dynamic analysis of ash aggregates revealed through HS-HR imaging at Sakurajima volcano (Japan)

Ash aggregation processes during explosive eruptions can effectively influence volcanic plume dispersal and ash sedimentation. Recently, dedicated experiments have been carried out and numerical models have been developed in order to produce reliable forecasting of the ash dispersals. However, including ash aggregation processes in numerical simulations is to date a problematic task for volcanologists, because of the lack of solid field-based datasets required to scale, validate and calibrate models. A field-based dynamical investigation of ash aggregates collected at Sakurajima (Japan) with a High-Speed, High- Resolution camera is here presented. Three main types of ash aggregates are recognized to occur into all the examined samples (Single Particles, Coated Particles, Cored Clusters). Using image analysis techniques, clusters were characterized in terms of average dimension, grain size and shape features of the aggregating ash, pointing out important differences between the different cluster types. Dynamical analysis of falling aggregates allowed a significant set of measurements of terminal velocity, bulk density, and size of a large number of observed falling aggregates to be collected. The resulting data reveal the strong influence of aggregation processes in controlling ash deposition processes at Sakurajima

Metastatizing ovarian Carcinoma in an eurasian brown bear (Ursus Arctos Arctos): a case report.

A case of ovarian carcinoma, never previously reported in bear is described. A 37-year-old, nulliparous, female Eurasian brown bear hosted at the Falconara Parco Zoo in Italy, showed neurological clinical signs including bilateral blindness and signs of hemiparesis involving both limbs of the left side. A therapy based on fluid, dexamethasone sodium phosphate, ranitidine, ceftriaxone, propentofylline, and a vitamin B complex administration was started after the onset of sintomatology. After about a week of therapy the bear was able to stand up and walk, partially recovered the vision and ate regularly. Despite this initial improvement, three weeks after the clinical onset the bear died. At necropsy a large mass involving the left ovary and brain metastases has been found. Based on the typical histological and immunohistochemical features of neoplastic cells, this tumor was diagnosed as papillary to solid serous type ovarian carcinoma. Because of the scattered distribution pattern of neoplastic nodules, the involvement of the brain and lombo-aortic lymph node was considered to be metastatic. Only few reports of neoplasms in Ursidae can be found in scientific literature and these include lymphosarcoma, osteoma, osteosarcomas, chondrosarcoma, squamous cell, biliary, thyroid, mammary, and hepatocellular carcinomas. According to these results, the presence of tumor should be considered in bears with neurological signs

MULTIPLE ORGAN HARVESTING: EVOLUTION OF SURGICAL TECHNIQUE. PERSONAL EXPERIENCE

SINCE 1950, kidney, liver, heart, and lung transplantations have dramatically improved, emerging as the elective treatment modality for organ failure. Nevertheless, the indications to pancreas and bowel grafting are stili controversial. Several factors have contributed such results, namely the introduction of cyclosporine (CyA) in 1981, the use of new solutions for solid organ preservation (eg, the University of Wisconsin solution), the improvement in donor selection criteria, intensive care, as well as improvement management of transplant operation and harvesting surgical technique

Operational volcanic ash monitoring during Etna volcanic crises

Operational systems able to monitor volcanic ash in real time and provide both critical eruption parameters and useful warnings to emergency responders and government agencies should be implemented in most volcanic observatories worldwide. Over the past ten years, more than fifty lava fountains occurred at Mt. Etna (Italy) that produced eruption columns more than 10 km a.s.l. and generated large tephra fallout around the volcano flanks. For civil protection purposes, there was the need to improve the already existing monitoring systems daily run at the Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica and Vulcanologia, mainly based on eruption scenarios (weak and strong plume scenarios). We present a new upgraded system that has multiple objectives: i) to have a fast system able to best identify the type of eruptive scenario; ii) to forecast the tephra deposit in near real time, i.e. within a few hours from the eruptive event; iii) to determine the area impacted by clasts larger than 5 cm that could severely injure hikers, guides, and volcanologists and damage infrastructures in proximity of Etna summit craters. This new system is based on the real-time estimate of column height from the analysis of images taken by SEVIRI satellite and by new calibrated cameras and using meteorological parameters obtained by local models.PublishedVienna , Austria6V. Pericolosità vulcanica e contributi alla stima del rischi