Clopidogrel Enhances Periodontal Repair in Rats Through Decreased Inflammation

Aim We hypothesized that platelet inactivation induced by drugs might interfere with periodontal repair in experimental periodontitis by suppressing the release of biological mediators from platelets at the site of injury. Material and Methods 60 rats were randomly assigned to 6 groups (n=10) and ligatures were placed around lower first molars of three groups. The other three groups were used as negative controls. Ligatures were removed after 10 days of periodontitis induction and all groups were submitted to treatment with aspirin (Asp) (30 mg/kg), clopidogrel (Clop) (75 mg/kg) or NaCl 0.9% intragastrically once daily for 3 days. Periodontal tissue was assessed by the measurement of CXCL12, CXCL4, CCL5 and PDGF by ELISA; histomorphometric analysis of PMN infiltration, attachment loss, bone loss and osteoclast numbers and quantification of blood vessels by imunnohistochemistry. Results During periodontal repair and treatment with NaCl 0.9%, CCL5 was decreased and CXCL12 increased when compared to negative control groups. Asp and Clop did not affect CCL5 expression, decreased CXCL12 but only Clop decreased CXCL4 and PDGF content compared to saline-treated animals. Clop increased blood vessel number, reduced PMN count, and decreased attachment and bone loss, also decreased osteoclast number in animals submitted or not to periodontal repair. Conclusion Systemic administration of Clop during 3 days improved the repair process associated with experimental periodontal disease, suggesting that it may have therapeutic value under situations where tissues undergo a transition from inflammation to repair

Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans lipopolysaccharide induces interleukin-6 expression through multiple mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways in periodontal ligament fibroblasts

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/73410/1/j.1399-302X.2006.00314.x.pd

Das CPCJ aos tribunais da relação : caracterização dos processos de promoção e proteção

O progressivo reconhecimento do lugar que as crianças e jovens ocupam na sociedade enquanto sujeitos de direitos e a importância de incentivar, desenvolver e assegurar o exercício efetivo dos mesmos, tem convocado os interventores políticos e sociais para a observância de boas práticas em matéria de infância e juventude. Mas nem sempre foi desta forma, e existirá ainda um longo caminho a percorrer no que respeita a esta temática. Neste trabalho foi feito o enquadramento da evolução dos direitos da criança até se chegar à intervenção no âmbito da Lei 147/99. Esta intervenção foi depois seguida, desde o seu início até à chegada a sede judicial, através da análise de 92 acórdãos que implicam a matéria de facto. Obtiveram-se resultados que apontam para a maior frequência da aplicabilidade das medidas de “confiança a instituição com vista a futura adoção” e “acolhimento residencial” pelos Tribunais de Família e Menores e da Relação. Também foi possível apurar que a maioria dos recursos são indeferidos pelos Tribunais de Relação. Este estudo aponta para a necessidade de intervenção precoce em matéria de promoção e protecção, para que se possam evitar muitas vezes situações remediativas que acontecem, assim como para a importância do trabalho de acompanhamento das famíliasThe progressive recognition of the place that children and young people have in society as subjects of rights and the importance of encourage, develop and secure its effective exercise, has summoned the political and social intervenors to observe good practices within childhood and youth. It hasn’t always been like this and there’s still a long way to run regarding this issue. In this report we’ve approached the children’s rights evolution until reaching the intervention under the law 147/99. This intervention has been followed since its beginning until reaching the judicial seat, through the analysis of judgements which imply this matter.Results were obtained which aim to a greater frequency of the applicability of measures related with “the trust on an institution regarding a future adoption” and “child residential reception”. Among other results, it was also possible to gather that most of the appeals are denied by Supreme Court. This study aims to the need of early intervention, which can avoid many of the fixing situations happening, as well as the importance of working with the families and families monitoring

Multiple populations in globular clusters. Lessons learned from the Milky Way globular clusters

Recent progress in studies of globular clusters has shown that they are not simple stellar populations, being rather made of multiple generations. Evidence stems both from photometry and spectroscopy. A new paradigm is then arising for the formation of massive star clusters, which includes several episodes of star formation. While this provides an explanation for several features of globular clusters, including the second parameter problem, it also opens new perspectives about the relation between globular clusters and the halo of our Galaxy, and by extension of all populations with a high specific frequency of globular clusters, such as, e.g., giant elliptical galaxies. We review progress in this area, focusing on the most recent studies. Several points remain to be properly understood, in particular those concerning the nature of the polluters producing the abundance pattern in the clusters and the typical timescale, the range of cluster masses where this phenomenon is active, and the relation between globular clusters and other satellites of our Galaxy.Comment: In press (The Astronomy and Astrophysics Review