2,778 research outputs found
Local health department accreditation is associated with organizational supports for evidence-based decision making
Management of droughty site: Typic Quartzipsamments, ecological considerations
Pine plantations on Typic Quartzipsamments in East Texas are difficult to establish. Forest management options following clearcutting are limited. A 12 year regeneration study of the growth and survival of loblolly, Pinus faeda, L. shortleaf, P. echinata Mill., slash, f. elliofii Engelm and longleaf pines P. pa/u&is Mill. was conducted to determine optimum tree species and treatments for reforestation. With successful regeneration also comes insects and pathogens. Impacts of the Nantucket pine tip moth, Rhyacionia frusfrana, (Comstock) and the Texas leaf-cutting ant, Affa texana, (Buckley) will be discussed in the context of droughty site management
Diagnosis and management of schistosomiasis
The authors’ studies on schistosomiasis have received financial support from various sources including: the UNICEF/UNDP/World Bank/WHO Special Program for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases; the National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia; the Wellcome Trust (UK); the Sandler Foundation (USA); the Dana Foundation (USA); and the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases
Oriental schistosomiasis with neurological complications: case report
We describe a case of cerebral schistosomiasis, caused by Asian (oriental) Schistosoma japonicum trematode blood flukes, in a young Chinese patient and its management. We also provide a brief update for physicians on the clinical features, diagnosis and treatment of schistosomiasis, with particular emphasis on neuroschistosomiasis, the most severe clinical outcome associated with this parasitic infection
Patterns and correlates of use of evidence-based interventions to control diabetes by local health departments across the USA
Enhancing evidence-based diabetes and chronic disease control among local health departments: A multi-phase dissemination study with a stepped-wedge cluster randomized trial component
Examples of Intervention Dissemination Strategies and Description. (DOCX 22 kb
Use and awareness of the Community Guide in state and local health department chronic disease programs
INTRODUCTION: The Community Guide (Guide) is a user-friendly, systematic review system that provides information on evidence-based interventions (EBIs) in public health practice. Little is known about what predicts Guide awareness and use in state health departments (SHDs) and local health departments (LHDs).
METHODS: We pooled data from 3 surveys (administered in 2016, 2017, and 2018) to employees in chronic disease programs at SHDs and LHDs. Participants (n = 1,039) represented all 50 states. The surveys asked about department practices and individual, organizational, and external factors related to decisions about EBIs. We used χ
RESULTS: Eighty-one percent (n = 498) of SHD and 54% (n = 198) of LHD respondents reported their agency uses the Guide. Additionally, 13% of SHD participants reported not being aware of the Guide. Significant relationships were found between reporting using the Guide and academic collaboration, population size, rated importance of forming partnerships, and accreditation.
CONCLUSION: Awareness and use of the Guide in LHD and SHD chronic disease programs is widespread. Awareness of the Guide can be vital to implementation practice, because it enhances implementation of EBI practices. However, awareness of the Guide alone is likely not enough for health departments to implement EBIs. Changes at the organizational level, including sharing information about the Guide and providing training on how to best use it, may increase its awareness and use
National survey data for zoonotic schistosomiasis in the Philippines grossly underestimates the true burden of disease within endemic zones: implications for future control
This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-
nc-nd/4.0/).Zoonotic schistosomiasis has a long endemic history in the Philippines. Human mass drug
administration has been the cornerstone of schistosomiasis control in the country for the past three
decades. Recent publications utilizing retrospective national survey data have indicated that the national
human prevalence of the disease is <1%, hence the disease is now close to elimination. However, the
evidence for such a claim is weak, given that less than a third of the human population is currently being
treated annually within endemic zones and only a third of those treated actually swallow the tablets. For
those who consume the drug at the single oral dose of 40 mg/kg, the estimated cure rate is 52% based on a
recent meta-analysis. Thus, approximately 5% of the endemic human population is in reality receiving
the appropriate treatment. To compound this public health problem, most of the bovines in the endemic
communities are concurrently infected but are not treated under the current national control
programme. Given this evidence, it is believed that the human prevalence of schistosomiasis within
endemic regions has been grossly underestimated. Inherent flaws in the reporting of national
schistosomiasis prevalence data are reported here, and the problems of utilizing national retrospective
data in making geographic information system (GIS) risk maps and advising policy makers of the
outcomes are highlighted
A new global strategy for the elimination of schistosomiasis
This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).Mass drug administration utilising a single oral dose of 40 mg/kg of praziquantel (PZQ) has been endorsed and advocated by the World Health Organisation (WHO) for the global control and elimination of schistosomiasis. However, this strategy is failing primarily because the drugs are not getting to the people who need them the most. The current global coverage is 20%, the drug compliance rate is less than 50%, and the drug efficacy is approximately 50%. Thus in reality, only about 5% of the reservoir human population is actually receiving intermittent chemotherapy. Despite claims that more of the drug will soon be made available the current strategy is inherently flawed and will not lead to disease elimination. We discuss the many practical issues related to this global strategy, and advocate for an integrated control strategy targeting the life cycle and the most at-risk. Moreover, we discuss how an integrated control package for schistosomiasis should fit within a larger integrated health package for rural and remote villages in the developing world. A holistic health system approach is required to achieve sustainable control and ultimately disease elimination
Prewetting transitions of Ar and Ne on alkali metal surfaces
We have studied by means of Density-Functional calculations the wetting
properties of Ar and Ne adsorbed on a plane whose adsorption properties
simulate the Li and Na surfaces. We use reliable ab-initio potentials to model
the gas-substrate interactions. Evidence for prewetting transitions is found
for all the systems investigated and their wetting phase diagrams are
calculated.Comment: 6 pages, 8 figures, submitted for publication in Phys. Rev.
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