Nurul-Ain et al_Reproductive phenology of tropical insectivorous bats

Raw data of bats capture and insect biomass

Assessing the ecological health status using macrobenthic communities of tropical coastal water

<p>The relative contributions of natural and anthropogenic fluctuations are different in shaping habitat health status and natural benthic communities in tropical coastal water. Understanding responses of coastal benthic communities to these fluctuations are still equivocal and thus available data are inadequate. Here, multiple analytical approaches were used to address the significant risk factors and their impacts on coastal benthic habitat health through space and time. A total abundance of 1436 ± 612 individuals of 33 benthic species were counted and identified from 22 sampling stations across eight sampling periods over the two years of study. Bioassay results showed that the benthic community is moderately exposed to anthropogenic pollutants in Klang Strait coastal water. The results showed that there were no significant temporal changes of habitat health status and macrobenthic community structure; however, spatial changes were significant and synchronized with anthropogenic and natural fluctuations. This study demonstrates that Cd and Hg levels and sediment characteristics played the primary role in shaping the habitat health and macrobenthic assemblages, whereas the influence of other factors were insignificant.</p

Cluster analyses to classify stations based on adverse biological effect of PAHs in surface sediment.

<p>Cluster analyses to classify stations based on adverse biological effect of PAHs in surface sediment.</p

Plots of PAH isomer pair ratios for source identification (Ant/(Ant+Phy) vs Flu/(Flu+Pyr).

<p>Plots of PAH isomer pair ratios for source identification (Ant/(Ant+Phy) vs Flu/(Flu+Pyr).</p

Location of the sampling stations in Klang Strait.

<p>Location of the sampling stations in Klang Strait.</p

Spatial variations of PAHs compounds in surface sediment of the Klang Strait (a: Total PAHs, b: PAHs _combust, c: PAHs _toxic).

<p>Spatial variations of PAHs compounds in surface sediment of the Klang Strait (a: Total PAHs, b: PAHs _combust, c: PAHs _toxic).</p

Molecular indices of PAHs, content in surface sediments of Klang Strait.

<p><b>∑ PAH </b><b><i>_combust</i></b>: Combustion value of PAHs calculated as sum of concentration of high-molecular-weight PAHs include Fla, Pyr, BaA, Chy, BbF, BkF, BaP, InP, DibA, BghiP; <b>∑ PAH </b><b><i>_toxic</i></b>: Toxic value of PAHs calculated as sum of concentration of BaA, Chy, BbF, BkF, BaP, InP and DibA; L/H: ratio of low molecular weight hydrocarbon (<b>n</b>-C10–<b>n</b>-C14) to high molecular weight hydrocarbon (<b>n</b>-C16–<b>n</b>-C22).</p

Rotated component matrix of 16 PAHs from the Klang Strait sediment.

<p>*Rotation method: Varimax with Kaiser normalization.</p><p>*Bold loadings >0.70.</p

Concentration of PAHs (µg/kg dw) in surface sediments of Klang Strait.

<p>TELs (threshold effects level) and PELs (probable effects level), ** </p

Проект кафе "Новое время" на 54 места

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