Avaliação da atividade mutagênica e carcinogênica da anfotericina B em células somáticas de Drosophila melanogaster

CHAPTER II: Amphotericin B (AmB) is an antifungal extracted from Streptomyces nodosus. Its fungicidal activity depends primarily on its binding to the sterol group, present in the membrane of fungi. Due to the toxicity of this drug this study aimed to evaluate their mutagenic, carcinogenic and recombinogenic activity. To do so, we used Somatic Mutation and Recombination Test (SMART) and the test for the detection of Epithelial Tumors (wts), both in Drosophila melanogaster. In the assessment using SMART, larvae from 72 h, descendants from the standard (ST) cross and the high bioactivation (HB) cross were treated with different concentrations of Amphotericin B (0.01; 0.02 e 0.04 mg/mL). The results revealed that the AmB is a promutagen exhibiting increase in the number of spots on individuals from high bioactivation (HB) cross with a high level of the cytochrome P450. The results also indicate that recombinogenicity is the main genotoxic event induced by AmB. Homologous recombination can function as a determinant at different stages of carcinogenesis. For verification, larvae from the wts test, descendants from the wts/TM3 virgin female and mwh/mwh male cross, were treated with the same three AmB concentrations separately and in association with mitomicin C (0.1 mM). The results did not, however, provide evidence that AmB has carcinogenic potential.Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e TecnológicoMestre em Genética e BioquímicaCAPÍTULO II: A Anfotericina B (Anf B) é um antifúngico extraído de Streptomyces nodosus, que possui atividade antibiótica efetiva contra diversas espécies de fungos patogênicos. Devido à toxicidade desta droga, o presente trabalho foi desenvolvido com o objetivo de avaliar sua atividade mutagênica, recombinogênica e carcinogênica. Para tanto, foram utilizados os testes para Detecção de Mutação e Recombinação Somática (SMART) e o Teste para Detecção de Tumores Epiteliais (wts), ambos realizados em Drosophila melanogaster. No SMART foram utilizadas larvas de 4 horas provenientes do cruzamento padrão (ST) e de alta capacidade de bioativação metabólica (HB). As larvas provenientes de ambos os cruzamentos foram tratadas com diferentes concentrações de Anfotericina B (0,01; 0,02 e 0,04 mg/mL). Os resultados revelaram que a Anf B causou aumento significativo no número de manchas nos indivíduos provenientes do cruzamento HB, o que sugere que esse fármaco atua como um prómutageno, manifestando tal efeito após a biotransformação pelo sistema citocromo P450. Os resultados indicam, também, que a recombinogenicidade é o principal evento induzido pela Anf B. A recombinação homóloga pode ter função determinante nos diferentes estágios da carcinogênese. Para esta verificação, larvas provenientes do teste wts, descendentes do cruzamento de fêmeas virgens wts/TM3 com machos mwh/mwh, foram tratadas com as mesmas concentrações de Anf B isoladas e em associação com a mitomicina C (0,1 mM). Os resultados não revelaram atividade carcinogênica para a Anf B

Recombinogenic activity of Pantoprazole® in somatic cells of Drosophila melanogaster

Pantoprazole® is one of the leading proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) used in the treatment of a variety of diseases related to the upper gastrointestinal tract. However, studies have shown an increased risk of developing gastric cancer, intestinal metaplasia and hyperplasia of endocrine cells with prolonged use. In the present study, the somatic mutation and recombination test (SMART) was employed to determine the mutagenic effects of Pantoprazole on Drosophila melanogaster. Repeated treatments with Pantoprazole were performed on 72-hour larvae of the standard (ST) and high bioactivation (HB) crosses at concentrations of 2.5, 5.0, and 10.0 μM. In addition, doxorubicin (DXR) was administered at 0.4 mM, as a positive control. When administered to ST descendants, total number of spots were statistically significant at 2.5 and 5.0 μM concentrations. For HB descendants, a significant increase in the total number of spots was observed among the marked transheterozygous (MH) flies. Through analysis of balancer heterozygous (BH) descendants, recombinogenic effects were observed at all concentrations in descendants of the HB cross. In view of these experimental conditions and results, it was concluded that Pantoprazole is associated with recombinogenic effects in Drosophila melanogaster