Analytical continuum mechanics \`a la Hamilton-Piola: least action principle for second gradient continua and capillary fluids

In this paper a stationary action principle is proven to hold for capillary fluids, i.e. fluids for which the deformation energy has the form suggested, starting from molecular arguments, for instance by Cahn and Hilliard. Remark that these fluids are sometimes also called Korteweg-de Vries or Cahn-Allen. In general continua whose deformation energy depend on the second gradient of placement are called second gradient (or Piola-Toupin or Mindlin or Green-Rivlin or Germain or second gradient) continua. In the present paper, a material description for second gradient continua is formulated. A Lagrangian action is introduced in both material and spatial description and the corresponding Euler-Lagrange bulk and boundary conditions are found. These conditions are formulated in terms of an objective deformation energy volume density in two cases: when this energy is assumed to depend on either C and grad C or on C^-1 and grad C^-1 ; where C is the Cauchy-Green deformation tensor. When particularized to energies which characterize fluid materials, the capillary fluid evolution conditions (see e.g. Casal or Seppecher for an alternative deduction based on thermodynamic arguments) are recovered. A version of Bernoulli law valid for capillary fluids is found and, in the Appendix B, useful kinematic formulas for the present variational formulation are proposed. Historical comments about Gabrio Piola's contribution to continuum analytical mechanics are also presented. In this context the reader is also referred to Capecchi and Ruta.Comment: 52 page

On the generality of the effect of experiencing prior gains and losses on the Iowa gambling task: A study on young and old adults

Prospect Theory predicts that people tend to be more risk seeking if their reference point is perceived as a loss and more risk averse when the reference point is perceived as a gain. In line with this prediction, Franken, Georgieva, Muris and Dijksterhuis (2006) showed that young adults who had a prior experience of monetary gains make more safe choices on subsequent decisions than subjects who had an early experience of losses. There are no experimental studies on how experiencing prior gains and losses differently influences young and older adults on a subsequent decision-making task (the Iowa Gambling Task). Hence, in the current paper, adapting the methodology employed by Franken et al.’s (2006), we intended to test the generality of their effect across the life span. Overall, we found that subjects who experienced prior monetary gains or prior monetary losses did not display significant differences in safe/risky choices on subsequent performance in the Iowa Gambling task. Furthermore, the impact of prior gains and losses on risky/safe card selection did not significantly differ between young and older adults. These results showed that the effect found in the Franken et al.’s study (2006) is limited in its generality

Pengaruh Ketidakpuasan dan Iklan Produk Pesaing terhadap Perilaku Brand Switching dengan Kebutuhan Mencari Variasi sebagai Variabel Moderatingnya ( Studi pada Mantan Pengguna Kartu PRA Bayar Im3 di Lingkungan Mahasiswa Fisip Universitas Diponegoro )

This study aims to determine the effect of dissatisfaction and advertisement of competing products towards brand switching behaviour of IM3 consumers through variety seeking as a moderating variable. The sampling technique used was purposive sampling. Whereas, the method of analysis used in this research was path analysis. The result of calculation indicated that each of the variable of dissatisfaction, variable of competing product advertisements, and variable of variety seeking has a positive, significant effect on variable of brand-switching behaviour. The effect caused by the variable of dissatisfaction towards variable of brand-switching behaviour is the biggest, it is as much as 57.5%. Simultaneously has a positive, significant effect towards variable of brand-switching behaviour as much as 65.5%, while the remaining is 34.5% is explained by the other factors. Based on the path analysis calculation, it was proved that variable of variety seeking as a moderating variable can be a strengthening relationship mediator between variable of competing product advertisement and variable of brand switching behavior. Meanwhile, the variety seeking variable exactly being a mediator which weaken the relevance of dissatisfaction variable to the brand switching behavior. The recommendations of this research are the company should improve the quality of service, expand the signal coverage, upgrade the signal strength, make the sound of product clearer. The company also should increase the frequency of publicity in several media. The creativity of advertising strategy also should be increase in term of showing/ appearance, design, and the message that will be delivered. Its advertisement should explain the brand excellence comparing with the competitors to prevent the customers who like variations

KREATIVITAS GURU PJOK PADA MASA PANDEMI COVID-19 DI SMPN FAVORIT CIMAHI

Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian tentang Kreativitas Guru PJOK pada Masa Pademi COVID-19 di SMPN Favorit Cimahi . Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui Presentase Guru PJOK pada SMPN Favorit di Cimahi. Metode yang digunakan metode deskriptif pendekatan kuantitatif. Populasi dalam penelitian ini guru pada SMPN favorit di Cimahi dan sampel dalam penelitian ini yaitu guru PJOK pada SMPN favorit di Cimahi yang berjumlah 12 orang. Dengan menggunakan teknik purposive sampling. Instrumen penelitian yang digunakan berupa angket atau kuesioner, kuesioner yang digunakan mengadaptasi dari jurnal Monawati. Hasil pengolahan data SMPN 1 Cimahi pada kategori baik, SMPN 2 Cimahi pada kategori baik, SMPN 3 Cimahi pada kategori sangat baik. Kesimpulan, dari ketiga SMPN favorit Cimahi ditemukan bahwa SMPN favorit di Cimahi berada pada kategori baik. Rekomendasi disarankan selain melihat tingkat kreativitas guru, apakah terjadi kebugaran jasmani terhadap siswa. Kata Kunci: kreativitas guru, covid-19, daring, pandemi N. Rosi Yupianti, 2020 KREATIVITAS GURU PJOK PADA MASA PANDEMI COVID-19 DI SMPN FAVORIT CIMAHI Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia I repository.upi.edu I perpustakaan.upi.ed

Combination of rainfall thresholds and susceptibility maps for dynamic landslide hazard assessment at regional scale

We propose a methodology to couple rainfall thresholds and susceptibility maps for dynamic landslide hazard assessment at regional scale. Both inputs are combined in a purposely-built hazard matrix to get a spatially and temporally variable definition of landslide hazard: while statistical rainfall thresholds are used to accomplish a temporal forecasting with very coarse spatial resolution, landslide susceptibility maps provide static spatial information about the probability of landslide occurrence at fine spatial resolution. The test site is the Northern part of Tuscany (Italy), where a recent landslide susceptibility map and a set of recently updated rainfall thresholds are available. These products were modified and updated to meet the requirements of the proposed procedure: the susceptibility map was reclassified and the threshold set was expanded defining additional thresholds. The hazard matrix combines three susceptibility classes (S1, low susceptibility; S2 medium susceptibility; S3 high susceptibility) and three rainfall rate classes (R1, R2, R3), defining five hazard classes, from H0 (null hazard) to H4 (high hazard). A key passage of the procedure is the appropriate calibration and validation of the matrix, letting the hazard classes have a precise meaning in terms of expected consequences and hazard management. The employ of the proposed procedure in a regional warning system brings two main advantages: (i) it is possible to better hypothesize when and where landslide are expected and with which hazard degree, thus fostering a more effective hazard and risk management (e.g., setting priorities of intervention); (ii) the spatial resolution of the regional scale warning system is markedly refined because from time to time the areas where landslides are expected represent only a fraction of the alert zone

The Influence of Leadership and Professionalism to the Performance of Teachers of SMAN 1 Teluk Kuantan

In the face of stiff competition in the world education, SMAN 1 Teluk Kuantan strive to improve the quality of school, including by improved performance of teachers with pay attention to the factors of leadership and professionalism. Being a teacher without good leadership and professionalism will make teacher performance is reduced and planning or target is not reached.Sampling in this study conducted a census in which all members of the population sampled then obtained 49 samples. Research done by giving questionnaires to be filled up to all the teachers at SMAN 1 Teluk Kuantan, then the results were analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively as well as partial and simultaneous (multiple regression analysis with SPSS).The analysis showed that there is a significant and positive effect between the variables of leadership and professionalism of the teacher's performance in SMAN 1 Teluk Kuantan either partially or simultaneously. The most dominant variable in affecting the teacher's performance is professionalism. Of the conclusions that have been obtained, the researchers gave some suggestion in this research that teachers are expected to keep increasing the motivation and skills to advance education, always develop insight expertise and knowledge through a variety of media education. In addition, the principal of SMAN 1 Teluk Kuantan to be more assertive in the discipline or teachers

The impact of failures and successes on affect and self-esteem in young and older adults

Little is known about the impact of success and failure events on age-related changes in affect states and, particularly, in self-esteem levels. To fill this gap in the literature, in the present study changes in affect and self-esteem in 100 young (19 - 30 years) and 102 older adults (65-81 years) were assessed after participants experienced success and failure in a demanding cognitive task. Overall, the success-failure manipulation induced changes on affect states and on state self-esteem, not on trait self-esteem. Regarding age differences, older and young adults were affected to the same extent by experiences of successes and failures. Theoretical considerations of the empirical findings are provided in the general discussion

Analysing the relationship between rainfalls and landslides to define a mosaic of triggering thresholds for regional-scale warning systems

We propose an original approach to develop rainfall thresholds to be used in civil protection warning systems for the occurrence of landslides at regional scale (i.e. tens of thousands of kilometres), and we apply it to Tuscany, Italy (23 000 km2). Purpose-developed software is used to define statistical intensity-duration rainfall thresholds by means of an automated and standardized analysis of rainfall data. The automation and standardization of the analysis brings several advantages that in turn have a positive impact on the applicability of the thresholds to operational warning systems. Moreover, the possibility of defining a threshold in very short times compared to traditional analyses allowed us to subdivide the study area into several alert zones to be analysed independently, with the aim of setting up a specific threshold for each of them. As a consequence, a mosaic of several local rainfall thresholds is set up in place of a single regional threshold. Even if pertaining to the same region, the local thresholds vary substantially and can have very different equations. We subsequently analysed how the physical features of the test area influence the parameters and the equations of the local thresholds, and found that some threshold parameters can be put in relation with the prevailing lithology. In addition, we investigated the possible relations between effectiveness of the threshold and number of landslides used for the calibration. A validation procedure and a quantitative comparison with some literature thresholds showed that the performance of a threshold can be increased if the areal extent of its test area is reduced, as long as a statistically significant landslide sample is present. In particular, we demonstrated that the effectiveness of a warning system can be significantly enhanced if a mosaic of site-specific thresholds is used instead of a single regional threshold