Improving Communications: Awareness and Management of Perceiving Disagreement

Interpersonal communications often fail to communicate the intended message. Language, contextual, and cultural differences between the sender and receiver of the message influence the receipt of the intended message exacerbates a lack of understanding when the message contains inexact words and phrases. The resultant message obtained by the receiver may or may not be in agreement with what the intended message was supposed to convey. This creates a phenomenon named Perceiving Disagreement. When Perceiving Disagreement occurs, actions taken because of the message can conflict with the intended actions expected by the message sender and result in inappropriate performance and behaviors. This paper discusses the phenomenon of Perceiving Disagreement and encourages organizations and individuals to support the use of awareness training and practice of using more exact language and exchanging feedback between the receiver and sender of a message to improve the understanding and effectiveness of all communications. This is particularly important when using intervening media and translators for international communications.Communications; Perception; Disagreement; Conflict; Awareness; Outcomes; Understanding.

#LonelyMovie or the Continuation of Our Brand and the Good Feelings It Produces

#LonelyMovie or the Continuation of our Brand and the Good Feelings It Produces A Senior Project submitted to The Division of the Arts Bard College By Theodore Rosen #LonelyMovie or the Continuation of our Brand and the Good Feelings It Produces A Senior Project submitted to The Division of the Arts Bard College By Theodore Rosen #LonelyMovie or the Continuation of our Brand and the Good Feelings It Produces A Senior Project submitted to The Division of the Arts Bard College By Theodore Rosen #LonelyMovie Artist Statement Artist’s List: Stevie Wonder Mario Bowser Cartoon Network Jack Link’s Takashi Murakami Gatorade Taco Bell Cheesy Gordita Crunch Baja Blast Cinnamon Delights Locos Tacos Cory Arcangel Josh Kline Laura Owens Katherine Bernhardt Kalup Linzy Kanye West Ariel Pink Lil Uzi Vert Nina Simone Ratchet & Clank The attempt to recapture a kind of “pure” way of seeing in art, like how a child might approach something (PROUST, -suki), and how in execution that turns into something far more sinister than innocent, because u can’t just shove yourself back into that state of being, you look like the hulk in child world The Bro Painters of the 2000s: Dan Colen, Dash Snow (photographer), Joe Bradley, Nate Lowman, Joe Bradley, a lot of that was also about living in spaces and a forced state of immaturity Sometimes I have to inhabit things I’m suspicious of, like those painters or that childlike point of view Long Diner Menus with almost every cuisine under the sun on them John Maus Daft Punk Rihanna Drake Lil’ Peep Trippie Redd Cardi B Lil’ B Waka Flocka Flame The way hip-hop specifically as a contemporary music genre so seamlessly communicates engaging with music on the internet in the way that the borders of a song are more loose and malleable Odd Future Frank Ocean’s “Channel Orange” Andy Warhol What do the 14 year olds of today enjoy? What did I enjoy as a young person? Say, from the formative ages of 9 to 15? What would I think if I were in that age range today? Abstracify that!!! Those Keep Calm and Carry On shirts that have probably gone out of style by now Ed Hardy The Jersey Shore Reunion where Mike the Situation keeps talking about how he’s going to court for tax evasion in really vague terms When I was younger I used to cry a lot thinking about the moment in the Spongebob Squarepants movie where they cry while singing the goofy goober theme song Hayao Miyazaki Katamari Damacy Kid CuDi Kurt Cobain Joni Mitchell’s “Hejira” Ann Hirsch Ellsworth Kelly The Beatles Haim Steinbach Mike Kelley Paul McCarthy Cosima von Bonin David Hammons Glenn Ligon Henry Taylor Todd Rundgren Guitar Solos Metal Heavy Metal Black Metal Death Metal Speed Metal Thrash Metal Internet Subcultures of the past ten or so years Seapunk Normcore Witch House Soundcloud rap Dirty Style? Is that right? Instagram Monster-based games for children (Digimon, Yu-Gi-Oh, Pokémon, Creepy Freaks) “7-Rooms of Gloom” by the Four Tops Ryan Trecartin Bjarne Melgaard Darren Bader Sarah Charlesworth Philip Guston Mariah Carey Celine Dion Missy Elliott Lauren Cornell Kynaston McShine Massimiliano Gioni Grimes Lana Del Rey Donna Summer Giorgio Moroder Martin Kippenberger Cindy Sherman’s Instagram Elon Musk Donald Trump Facebook The question of whether or not art should be intending to help people, or simply communicate with others, or maybe it should be more internal, about working something out that’s personal and intimate, or… Oliver Laric Elaine Sturtevant David Guetta Bernie Sanders Hillary Clinton Donkey Kong Wario Waluigi Boo Luigi’s Mansion Fortnite Scammer gets scammed video genre YouTube comps of footage set to music I’d watch when I was little Repo Man Ren & Stimpy Mickey Mouse R. Crumb (creep in retrospect) Jimmie Durham Kendrick Lamar Kingdom Hearts Brian Eno Julia Holter Oneohtrix Point Never Elliott Smith Fiona Apple OutKast Jimi Hendrix “Weird” Al Yankovic My Uncle Alan playing me a vhs tape compilation of all the great Michael Jackson videos Alan showing me Beatles parody the Rutles on dvd Adam Sandler Rob Schneider Vince Vaughn Ben Stiller Will Ferrell Seth Rogen Jonah Hill Bro Painters = Bro Comedy Actors Dia Beacon Steve Roggenbuck Rupi Kaur Marvel Movies Expanded Universe Young Thug When I was little I was really into animals and I wanted to be a vet Chris Burden Death Grips Puppet Works Brie Chicago, Illinois Brooklyn, New York Ottsville, Pennsylvania Los Angeles, California Sebastopol, California Jordan Wolfson (kind of a villain) Princess Peach Pope.L Patti Smith Prince Tina Turner Sly and the Family Stone Sufjan Stevens Astrology Garbage The act of cleaning Hygiene Amateurism Skidoo! The Big Lebowski The Scary Movie series EDM movies such as Spring Breakers, Good Time, Mandy, We Are Your Friends, Nicolas Winding Refn movies, Enter the Void, all problematic and by and large terrible, but a predominant trend in contemporary cinema, involving psychedelic and neon color schemes with anhedonic camera work and focus on sinister drug use and partying lifestyles Tauba Auerbach Jacolby Satterwhite Mary Heilmann Michael E. Smith Harry Dodge and Stanya Kahn Peggy Ahwesh Dave McKenzie A. Sayeeda Moreno Wade Guyton Trenton Doyle Hancock Cao Fei Rachel Harrison Mariko Mori Terence Koh Robert Rauschenberg John Baldessari Abbas Kiarostami “A Taste of Cherry” Judd Apatow Scooby-Doo on Zombie Island Frankenfish Creature from the Black Lagoon Jaws Howard the Duck Comedy The Oscars Adult Swim Anime South Park Family Guy The Simpsons Making things via means that are accessible to everybody Fusion-Era Miles Davis My Friends and Family, specifically thinking about how to be better to them A general sense of brokenness and disorderliness in the way stories are told and worlds are built Inclusivity Making things expressly FOR kids and not about them from a distance Feelings Fear Shame Guilt Sadness Love Joy Euphoria Tierra Whack’s “Whack World” Raw Tuna Richard Hamilton Ray-Man Marcel Duchamp Lady Gaga Psychedelia Gummy Candy CREDITS: Written, Directed, Produced, Soundtracked, Curated, Edited, Revised and Activated by Theodore Rosen, who is still under the impression that he’s not an egomaniacal control freak. Part 1 MOM - Footage sourced from: Dagoba Heavy Metal Festival, 3D rendering of heart for medical purposes, Frankenfish a SyFy original film Part 2 DOG FARTS - Starring Lily and Teddy as BubbleBerry and BlossomPossum, footage of birds from the falconry showcase at the Rhinebeck Steampunk festival. Part 3 GRINDLEGRUMPS SHOWZ - footage of water from a free relaxing water video on YouTube, music from there too, one of the only time’s it’s not my soundtrack Part 4 BBBP Prerecorded Live Stream - Lily and Teddy again, thanks also to Diana Elizabeth Mouette and Jose Maria Marquez Stefani for letting me utilize the star power of their dogs for my own creations, lots of still images that are decontextualized, let’s keep it that way Part 5 MS. CASINO - Starring the inimitable Cluno Bruno as Ms. Casino, who ad-libbed about the entire scene, amazing, also Julian Dime who plays NarMar and Brandt who played the HatBoy, shot in the basement of 89 Broadway in Tivoli, using 3D public domain footage as well as 3D renderings of people harvesting the pink slime often used in fast food burgers, and news footage of a “suspicious” playground fire in New Jersey with no victims Part 6 EDN - Footage of a Renaissance fair, shot by my friend Alejandro Montalvo “Alex” Hardy off of my tv, improptu, while hanging out after eating BBQ, soundtrack “I Have a Dream” by ABBA Thanks to: Peggy Ahwesh, Louis Rosen, Charlotte Maier, Ephraim Asili, Dave McKenzie, Scarlett Sinay, Lisa Krueger-Chandler, Brandt Rhode, Cluno Bruno, Alejandro Montalvo Hardy, Matteo Waldinger-White, Julian Dime, Catalina Bulgach, Suki Sekula, Emily Tomasi, Williamsburg Vintiques, Jason Sinay, Diana Elizabeth-Mouette, Jose Maria Marquez Stefani, Lily & Teddy, the city of Los Angeles, Ruth Turk, Aaron Turner, and all the free stuff you can download off of YouTube

The Glass Ceiling Women Face: An Examination and Proposals for Development of Future Women Entrepreneurs

As of 2007, there were an estimated 10.4 million businesses in the United States that were owned and operated by women. The number of women-owned firms has continued to grow at around twice the rate of all firms for the past two decades (Center for Women’s Business Research, 2008). On the other hand, women comprise only 15.4 percent of corporate officers in Fortune 500 companies (Catalyst, 2007b) and, in 2003, held only 14.8 percent of board seats in the Fortune 500 (Catalyst, 2007a).To better understand the glass ceiling faced by both female entrepreneurs and women leaders, the research on women’s issues is examined from a number of different vantage points. Women’s entrepreneurship and women’s leadership research on leadership, decision-making, and gender differences was examined to discover commonalities. Then female single-sex education literature was reviewed for insights on developmental issues that might influence future women entrepreneurs and leaders. In this exploration of research, it was found that both women entrepreneurs and women leaders in the corporate environment tend toward the same leadership styles and ways of interacting with others; they also experience a lack of role models and possible lack of self-efficacy.The literature on single-sex education provides observations that young women may thrive in environments in which there are fewer male competitors, hold less stereotyped views on gender, hold higher aspirations, may have greater opportunities for training of leadership skills, and may have increased self-confidence that may be the result of exposure to successful women role models. Implications for future research are explored and suggestions are provided to meet the needs of developing women entrepreneurs

Actual Versus Perceived Performance of Judges

Perceptions of judges ought to be based on their performance. Yet, few studies of the relation between perceived and actual judicial performance exist. Those claiming judicial bias should be especially sensitive to the relation between perception and performance. Judges perceived by the public or by the legal community as disfavoring a group may be regarded as biased, but that perception is unfair if the judges’ votes in cases do not disfavor the group. For example, it may be unfair to accuse an appellate judge of pro-state bias in criminal cases if the judge votes for defendants at a higher rate than several other judges on the same court. This article addresses whether perception matches reality. Several studies have examined perceptions of judges and courts by surveying the public about its confidence in a particular court.1 Our study differs because it compares perceptions of individual justices with their actual voting patterns. Incomplete samples are one source of distorted claims about judicial behavior. Excluding a particular group of outcomes, such as unanimous decisions, can lead to questionable results.2 Studies regularly report that a judge’s political affiliation, race, or sex is associated with case outcomes—results that sometimes raise inferences of bias.3 At the trial-court level, most studies are limited to available opinions, a known source of possible distortion.4 These studies also tend to exclude cases that end via settlement, which is the modal outcome in civil litigation.5 Several trial-court-level studies that use complete case samples and find no political or other effects suggest the importance of complete case samples.

Does the Judge Matter? Exploiting Random Assignment on a Court of Last Resort to Assess Judge and Case Selection Effects

We study 1,410 mandatory jurisdiction and 48 discretionary jurisdiction criminal law case outcomes in cases appealed to the Israel Supreme Court in 2006 and 2007 to assess influences on case outcomes. A methodological innovation is accounting for factors - case specialization, seniority, and workload - that modify random case assignment. To the extent one accounts for nonrandom assignment, one can infer that case outcome differences are judge effects. In mandatory jurisdiction cases, individual justices cast 3,986 votes and differed by as much as 15 percent in the probability of casting a vote favoring defendants. Female justices were about 2 to 3 percent more likely than male justices to vote for defendants but this effect is sensitive to including one justice. Defendant gender was associated with outcome, with female defendants about 17 percent more likely than male defendants to receive a favorable vote on appeal. Our data\u27s samples of mandatory and discretionary jurisdiction cases allow us to show that studies limited to discretionary jurisdiction case outcomes can distort perceptions of judges\u27 preferences. Justices\u27 ordinal rank in rate of voting for defendants or the state was uncorrelated across mandatory and discretionary jurisdiction cases. For example, the justice who sat on the most criminal cases was the fourth (of 16 justices) most favorable to the state in mandatory jurisdiction cases but the 12th most favorable in discretionary jurisdiction cases. This result casts doubt on some inferences based on studies of judges on discretionary jurisdiction courts, such as the U.S. Supreme Court, in which only discretionary case outcomes are observed

Israel\u27s Supreme Court Appellate Jurisdiction: An Empirical Study

This Essay reports the results of an empirical study of the Israel Supreme Court (ISC). It covers the outcomes of 3,562 cases (as of this writing), all decided in 2006 and 2007, and describes the cases by subject area, litigant-pair characteristics, and source of jurisdiction - mandatory or discretionary. In mandatory-jurisdiction cases ending with clear affirmances or reversals, the ISC affirmed lower court rulings in about 75% of district court criminal case appeals and about 67% of district court civil case appeals. In discretionary- jurisdiction cases, the ISC rarely granted review. It agreed to review about 6 % of petitions in criminal cases and about 15 % of petitions in civil cases. In discretionary cases in which the ISC did grant review, it tended to reverse at a much higher rate than in mandatory-jurisdiction cases, with an affirmance rate of 55 % in criminal cases and 31 % in civil cases. Combining denials of review with affirmances resulted in criminal case litigants obtaining relief from the ISC in 2.3 % of appellate filings, and civil case litigants obtaining relief in 11.0% of appellate filings. The government fared far better than other litigants in obtaining reversals of lower court rulings and in securing review of those rulings. Sentencing issues dominated the criminal docket, and criminal cases predominated over civil cases. Reversal rates were not substantially different from those in cases with analogous jurisdiction in U.S. state courts of last resort except in discretionary-jurisdiction civil cases. The ISC tended to reverse such cases at a higher rate than U.S. courts

Actual Versus Perceived Performance of Judges

Perceptions of judges ought to be based on their performance. Yet, few studies of the relation between perceived and actual judicial performance exist. Those claiming judicial bias should be especially sensitive to the relation between perception and performance. Judges perceived by the public or by the legal community as disfavoring a group may be regarded as biased, but that perception is unfair if the judges’ votes in cases do not disfavor the group. For example, it may be unfair to accuse an appellate judge of pro-state bias in criminal cases if the judge votes for defendants at a higher rate than several other judges on the same court. This article addresses whether perception matches reality. Several studies have examined perceptions of judges and courts by surveying the public about its confidence in a particular court.1 Our study differs because it compares perceptions of individual justices with their actual voting patterns. Incomplete samples are one source of distorted claims about judicial behavior. Excluding a particular group of outcomes, such as unanimous decisions, can lead to questionable results.2 Studies regularly report that a judge’s political affiliation, race, or sex is associated with case outcomes—results that sometimes raise inferences of bias.3 At the trial-court level, most studies are limited to available opinions, a known source of possible distortion.4 These studies also tend to exclude cases that end via settlement, which is the modal outcome in civil litigation.5 Several trial-court-level studies that use complete case samples and find no political or other effects suggest the importance of complete case samples.